The pelvic floor and intro to the pelvic viscera Flashcards
what is the main function of the pelvic girdle?
attachment lower limbs to the trunk
what composes the pelvic girdle?
innominate, pelvic and coccyx and sacrum
what is considered to be the true pelvis?
position of the pelvis found between the pelvis inlet and outlet
how could the female pelvis be described as?
wide and shallow
wide oval inlet
round outlet
subpubic angle ~90-100 degrees
how could the male pelvis be described as?
Narrow and deep
Heart shaped inlet
Narrow oblong outlet
Subpubic angle ~70 degrees
where does the sacrotuberous ligament range from?
the sacrum to ischial tuberosity
where does the sacrospinous ligament range from
sacrum to ischial spine
what is formed by the ST and SS ligaments?
greater and lesser scatic foramens
what is the ST ligament a continuation of?
posterior sacroiliac ligament inferiorly
what is the main function of the SS and ST ligaments?
prevent upward tilting of the distal sacrum, pulls the pelvis down
in the lab how can piriformis be identified?
its the messy muscle that is covered by neurovascular structures
where does piriformis range from?
Anterior sacrum to greater trochanter
how does piriformis exit the pelvis?
via greater sciatic foramen
what is the function of piriformis?
lateral rotator of the thighs
where can obturator internus be found in the lab?
on the interior pelvis, need to look anteriorly for a white mark
where does obturator internus range from?
Internal surface of the obturator foramen and membrane to greater trochanter
how does obturator internus exit the pelvis?
Passes through lesser sciatic
what is the function of obturator internus?
lateral rotator
what is the white tendon like structure observed in lab posterior to the obturator internus?
tendinous arch of obturator internus
how can the coccygeaus be identified in the lab?
its the naked muscle located under piriformis. it also attaches to the ischeal spine.
triangle like muscle with broad origins
what ligament does coccygeaus pass over?
SS ligament on the interior pelvis
how can the coccygeus be differentiated from the levator ani?
coccygeus attaches to the ischial spine. the muscle below that will then be levator ani
where does iliococcygeus attach?
broad attachment on obturator internus
which of the 3 mucles of levator Ani is found most posteriorly?
iliococcygeus
what muscle works between the coccyx and the pelvis bone anteriorly
pubococcygeus
what mucle creates a lsling around the posterior rectum?
puborectalis
what are the main function s of puborectalis muscle?
supports abdominal viscera
urinary and fecal continence
increased resistance of intrapelvic/abdominal pressure
what are the two important hiatus associated with the pelvic floor?
Urogenital hiatus
Rectal hiatus
what process is done to avoid tearing of pelvic floor muscles in case of delivery?
episiotomy (mediolateral)
how can pelvic floor muscles be exercised?
with kegal or vagal weights
how does puborectalis function in a sitting position?
Chokes rectum to maintain continence in the sitting position
in what position does the puborectalis muscle straighten out?
squatting position
what contributes to fecal continence?
Tonic contraction of puborectalis
what are the main parts of the male pelvic viscera?
Bladder Rectum Prostate Seminal vesicles Vas deferens Ureters
what are the main parts of the female pelvic viscera?
Bladder Uterus rectum Vagina Ovaries Fallopian tubes Ureters
what sits above the bladder in females?
uterus
where is the retrovesicular pouch found in male pelvic viscera?
behind the bladder and the rectum
where is the retrorectal space located in the pelvic viscera?
behind the rectum, space behind rectum and sacrim
where is the retrovesicular space located?
deep to urogenital peritoneum
where is the retropubic space located?
Behind pubic bone anterior to bladder
where is the retrovaginal space located in female pelvic viscera?
Behind the vagina, anterior to the rectum
what is denoted by the anorectal junction?
deputation between rectum and anal canal
how are the transverse rectal folds divided into?
superior
middle
inferior
what components make up the anal canal?
anal columns
anal sinuses
anal valves
where is the rectal ampulla found?
inferior to the inferior transverse rectal fold
what is the rectal ampulla?
diltated terminal aspect to the rectum
where would the anal valves be identified in a lab?
at the end of the rectum, terminal section of the sinuses
what controls defecation?
by internal and external rectal spincters
how is the internal rectal sphincter contolled?
automatic
how is the external rectal sphincter contolled?
somatic control
what are some regions of ureter constriction
at the hilum of the kidney
upon entering pelvis at the pelvic brim
passes through the walls of the bladder
to what part of the bladder is the median umbilical ligament an extensio of?
the apex
what does the median umbilical ligament represent?
the urachus
what is the urachus?
mechanism of draining urine from the fetus through the umbilical cord
when does the bladder and kidneys begin to develope in the fetus?
8th week
what is the function of the detrusor muscle?
relaxes during bladder filling
contracts during micturition
what is the function of rugae in the bladder?
allows for distension
what is the same of the area of smooth muscle in the bladder?
trigone
what are the orifaces found on the sides of the trigone?
ureteric oriface (2) urethral oriface
what controls micrurition?
urethral sphincters
