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ANAT 316 > The pelvic floor and intro to the pelvic viscera > Flashcards

The pelvic floor and intro to the pelvic viscera Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main function of the pelvic girdle?

A

attachment lower limbs to the trunk

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2
Q

what composes the pelvic girdle?

A

innominate, pelvic and coccyx and sacrum

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3
Q

what is considered to be the true pelvis?

A

position of the pelvis found between the pelvis inlet and outlet

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4
Q

how could the female pelvis be described as?

A

wide and shallow
wide oval inlet
round outlet
subpubic angle ~90-100 degrees

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5
Q

how could the male pelvis be described as?

A

Narrow and deep
Heart shaped inlet
Narrow oblong outlet
Subpubic angle ~70 degrees

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6
Q

where does the sacrotuberous ligament range from?

A

the sacrum to ischial tuberosity

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7
Q

where does the sacrospinous ligament range from

A

sacrum to ischial spine

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8
Q

what is formed by the ST and SS ligaments?

A

greater and lesser scatic foramens

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9
Q

what is the ST ligament a continuation of?

A

posterior sacroiliac ligament inferiorly

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10
Q

what is the main function of the SS and ST ligaments?

A

prevent upward tilting of the distal sacrum, pulls the pelvis down

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11
Q

in the lab how can piriformis be identified?

A

its the messy muscle that is covered by neurovascular structures

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12
Q

where does piriformis range from?

A

Anterior sacrum to greater trochanter

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13
Q

how does piriformis exit the pelvis?

A

via greater sciatic foramen

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14
Q

what is the function of piriformis?

A

lateral rotator of the thighs

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15
Q

where can obturator internus be found in the lab?

A

on the interior pelvis, need to look anteriorly for a white mark

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16
Q

where does obturator internus range from?

A

Internal surface of the obturator foramen and membrane to greater trochanter

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17
Q

how does obturator internus exit the pelvis?

A

Passes through lesser sciatic

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18
Q

what is the function of obturator internus?

A

lateral rotator

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19
Q

what is the white tendon like structure observed in lab posterior to the obturator internus?

A

tendinous arch of obturator internus

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20
Q

how can the coccygeaus be identified in the lab?

A

its the naked muscle located under piriformis. it also attaches to the ischeal spine.
triangle like muscle with broad origins

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21
Q

what ligament does coccygeaus pass over?

A

SS ligament on the interior pelvis

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22
Q

how can the coccygeus be differentiated from the levator ani?

A

coccygeus attaches to the ischial spine. the muscle below that will then be levator ani

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23
Q

where does iliococcygeus attach?

A

broad attachment on obturator internus

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24
Q

which of the 3 mucles of levator Ani is found most posteriorly?

A

iliococcygeus

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25
Q

what muscle works between the coccyx and the pelvis bone anteriorly

A

pubococcygeus

26
Q

what mucle creates a lsling around the posterior rectum?

A

puborectalis

27
Q

what are the main function s of puborectalis muscle?

A

supports abdominal viscera
urinary and fecal continence
increased resistance of intrapelvic/abdominal pressure

28
Q

what are the two important hiatus associated with the pelvic floor?

A

Urogenital hiatus

Rectal hiatus

29
Q

what process is done to avoid tearing of pelvic floor muscles in case of delivery?

A

episiotomy (mediolateral)

30
Q

how can pelvic floor muscles be exercised?

A

with kegal or vagal weights

31
Q

how does puborectalis function in a sitting position?

A

Chokes rectum to maintain continence in the sitting position

32
Q

in what position does the puborectalis muscle straighten out?

A

squatting position

33
Q

what contributes to fecal continence?

A

Tonic contraction of puborectalis

34
Q

what are the main parts of the male pelvic viscera?

A 
Bladder
Rectum
Prostate
Seminal vesicles
Vas deferens
Ureters
35
Q

what are the main parts of the female pelvic viscera?

A 
Bladder
Uterus
rectum
Vagina
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Ureters
36
Q

what sits above the bladder in females?

A

uterus

37
Q

where is the retrovesicular pouch found in male pelvic viscera?

A

behind the bladder and the rectum

38
Q

where is the retrorectal space located in the pelvic viscera?

A

behind the rectum, space behind rectum and sacrim

39
Q

where is the retrovesicular space located?

A

deep to urogenital peritoneum

40
Q

where is the retropubic space located?

A

Behind pubic bone anterior to bladder

41
Q

where is the retrovaginal space located in female pelvic viscera?

A

Behind the vagina, anterior to the rectum

42
Q

what is denoted by the anorectal junction?

A

deputation between rectum and anal canal

43
Q

how are the transverse rectal folds divided into?

A

superior
middle
inferior

44
Q

what components make up the anal canal?

A

anal columns
anal sinuses
anal valves

45
Q

where is the rectal ampulla found?

A

inferior to the inferior transverse rectal fold

46
Q

what is the rectal ampulla?

A

diltated terminal aspect to the rectum

47
Q

where would the anal valves be identified in a lab?

A

at the end of the rectum, terminal section of the sinuses

48
Q

what controls defecation?

A

by internal and external rectal spincters

49
Q

how is the internal rectal sphincter contolled?

A

automatic

50
Q

how is the external rectal sphincter contolled?

A

somatic control

51
Q

what are some regions of ureter constriction

A

at the hilum of the kidney
upon entering pelvis at the pelvic brim
passes through the walls of the bladder

52
Q

to what part of the bladder is the median umbilical ligament an extensio of?

A

the apex

53
Q

what does the median umbilical ligament represent?

A

the urachus

54
Q

what is the urachus?

A

mechanism of draining urine from the fetus through the umbilical cord

55
Q

when does the bladder and kidneys begin to develope in the fetus?

A

8th week

56
Q

what is the function of the detrusor muscle?

A

relaxes during bladder filling

contracts during micturition

57
Q

what is the function of rugae in the bladder?

A

allows for distension

58
Q

what is the same of the area of smooth muscle in the bladder?

A

trigone

59
Q

what are the orifaces found on the sides of the trigone?

A 
ureteric oriface (2)
urethral oriface
60
Q

what controls micrurition?

A

urethral sphincters

ANAT 316 (22 decks)

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