the neck Flashcards
what if the name of the ifrst layer that completly encircles the neck?
the investing layer
what is the laye that Encircles the muscles associated with the vertebral column?
prevertebral layer
what is contained within the carotid sheath?
internal jugular vein
common carotid A.
Vagus N.
what layer Encircles the visceral compartment
pre-tracheal layer
what border the posterior triangle of the neck
Anterior border: sternocleidomastoid muscle
Posterior border: trapezius muscle
Inferior border: clavicle
the posterior triangle of the neck sits posterior to what muscles?
sternocleidomastoid
the posterior triangle of the neck sits anterior to what muscles?
trapezius
what nerve travels through the posterior triangle of the neck
spinal accessory nerve (Deep to SCM) brachial plexus (roots)
what muscles can be found passing through the posterior triangle of the neck
scalenes
levator scapulae
capitis
what borders the anterior triangle of the neck?
Superior border: inferior border of the mandible
Lateral border: medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Medial border: imaginary line down midline of the neck
what muscle does the anterior triangle of neck sit anterior to?
SCM
what is the anterior triangle of the neck subdivided into?
- submandibular (digastric triangle)
- carotid triangle
what can be found in the carotid triangle of the neck?
- carotid A (external)
- internal jugular vein
what branches of the internal jugular vein are found within the carotid triangle?
the facial vein which inserts into it
retromandibular vein
what branch from the external carotid A will sit deep to the muscles of the carotid triangle of the neck?
superior thyroid A and vein.
where is the vagus N. located in the carotid triangle?
Sandwiched between the internal jugular and common carotid as it comes down into the neck
what n. descends through the carotid triangle and bends at c3 to travel towards the tongue?
hypoglossal N
what happens to the hypoglossal N. once it exits the the carotid triangle?
the nerve passes through the digastric N.
what nerve is found deep in the digastric triangle and reaches the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
glossopharygeal n
what is the main function of the jugular veins?
allows superficial venous drainage
where is the internal jugular vein located?
deep to the SCM as a protection mechanism
what is the function of the external jugular vein
Drains all the superficial blood around the neck
where is the external jugular vein located related to the SCM?
superficial to it
where are the anterior jugular vein located?
on either side and are bridged together
where doe the carotid A bifurcate?
C3-C4
what muscle is found above the hyoid bone?
suprahyoid muscle
what is the responsibility of the suprahyoid muscles?
for closing off of the floor oral cavity
what are the muscles found below the hyoid bone?
infrahyoid muscles/strap muscles
why should we pierce the cricothyroid membrane and not the thyrohyoid membrane in a patient with obstructed airways?
in the thyrohyoid tube is inserted at that level we will damage the person’s vocal cords hence why we go below it
what type of incision should be done in the case of a patient with obstructed air ways? prevents damage to what?
longitudinal incision as it prevents damage to anterior jugular veins
what is the shared function of the infrahyoid muscles?
o Depression of the hyoid which is held in place
o Larynx depresses as well for phonation and terminal phases of swallowing
what are the infrahyoid muscles
omohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thryrohyoid
where does the omohyoid originate and insert?
From hyoid bone to scapula
what is the particularity of the omohyoid muscle?
Halfway has a tendon allowing it to split into two muscle bellies (inferior and superior)
what is the most superficial and longest infrahyoid muscle?
sternohyoid
what is the o and i of the sternohyoid muscle?
Originate at the sternum and inserts on the hyoid
what is the o and i of the thyrohyoid muscle?
Stretches from the thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone
where does the thyrohyoid muscle sit?
deep to sternohyoid, above sternothyroid
what innervates the infrahyoid muscles?
Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C4)
what does the superior root of the ansa cervicalis get contribution from?
C1-C2
what does the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis get contribution from?
C2-C3
along what does the superior root of ansa cervicalis travel?
hypoglossal N
where does ansa cervicalis sit relative to infrahyoid muscles?
superficial
where will the motor branches of ansa cervicalis travel in the neck
much more anteriorly towards the front of the neck
what does the hypoglossal N. give innervation to?
Motor innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
what are the suprahyoid muscles?
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
digastric muscles
stylohyoid
What is the O and I of mylohyoid?
Stretched from the myloid line to the hyoid bone
what innervates the mylohyoid?
Innervated by the mylohyoid branch of mandibular N (V3)
What is the O and I of geniohyoid
Stretched from the genu of the mandible to the hyoid bone
what innervates geniohyoid?
Innervated by the hypoglossal N. XII
geniohyoid sits deep in the oral cavity relative to what muscle?
deep to mylohyoid
what muscle is superficial to mylohyoid?
digastric muscle
how is the digastric muscle divided?
it has 2 muscle bellies (anterior and posterior)
What is the O and I of digastric muscles?
Stretches from mastoid process to the hyoid bone
what inserts the 2 bellies of the digastric muscle to the hyoid bone?
a common tendon
What is the O and I of stylohyoid?
Stretches from styloid process to the hyoid bones
where does stylohyoid muscle sit?
Sits above the posterior belly of the digastric muscles
what trick can be used to recall the position of stylohyoid relative to digastric muscle?
think of FDS/FDP in fingers
what innervates the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?
mylohyoid N v3
what innervates the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
Facial N CN VII
what is the main function of the suprahyoid muscles?
elevation of the hyoid when the mandible is fixed
what is the function of mylohyoid when the mandible is fixed?
- tightens and elevates the oral floor
* elevation of hyoid bone during swallowing
what is the function of geniohyoid when the mandible is fixed?
• Elevation and protrusion of the hyoid bone during swallowing
what is the function of stylohyoid when the mandible is fixed?
• Elevation and retraction of the mandible
what is the function of digastric muscles when the mandible is fixed?
the posterior belly pulls posteriorly, the anterior belly pulls anteriorly which causes for the center to elevate where the hyoid bone attaches
how do the suprahyoid muscles function if we want to move the mandible as oppose to closing it?
they muscles are pulled in the opposite way
what are the most common nodes of the neck?
occipital
posterior auricular
submandibular
submental
what are the lymphe nodes of the neck divided into?
superficial cervical and deep cervical
where do the superficial cervical lymph nodes travel along?
Travel along the External Jugular vein, Superficial to SCM
what drains into the superficial cervical lymph nodes?
Drainage of groups posterior to the cervical Lymph Nodes
into what do the superficial cervical lymph nodes drain into?
the deep cervical lymph nodes?
where do the the deep cervical lymph nodes travel aloing
Travels along the internal jugular vein
what drains the upper lip?
submandibular nodes
what drains the lower lip?
submental nodes
into what do the submental and submandibular nodes drain into?
into the deep cervical lymph nodes
what drains groups of the anterior ear?
deep cervical lymph nodes
into what does the deep cervical lymph nodes drain into?
drains directly into the venous angle
