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ANAT 316 > the neck > Flashcards

the neck Flashcards

1
Q

what if the name of the ifrst layer that completly encircles the neck?

A

the investing layer

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2
Q

what is the laye that Encircles the muscles associated with the vertebral column?

A

prevertebral layer

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3
Q

what is contained within the carotid sheath?

A

internal jugular vein
common carotid A.
Vagus N.

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4
Q

what layer Encircles the visceral compartment

A

pre-tracheal layer

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5
Q

what border the posterior triangle of the neck

A

Anterior border: sternocleidomastoid muscle
Posterior border: trapezius muscle
Inferior border: clavicle

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6
Q

the posterior triangle of the neck sits posterior to what muscles?

A

sternocleidomastoid

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7
Q

the posterior triangle of the neck sits anterior to what muscles?

A

trapezius

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8
Q

what nerve travels through the posterior triangle of the neck

A 
spinal accessory nerve (Deep to SCM)
brachial plexus (roots)
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9
Q

what muscles can be found passing through the posterior triangle of the neck

A

scalenes
levator scapulae
capitis

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10
Q

what borders the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Superior border: inferior border of the mandible
Lateral border: medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Medial border: imaginary line down midline of the neck

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11
Q

what muscle does the anterior triangle of neck sit anterior to?

A

SCM

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12
Q

what is the anterior triangle of the neck subdivided into?

A
  • submandibular (digastric triangle)

- carotid triangle

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13
Q

what can be found in the carotid triangle of the neck?

A
  • carotid A (external)

- internal jugular vein

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14
Q

what branches of the internal jugular vein are found within the carotid triangle?

A

the facial vein which inserts into it

retromandibular vein

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15
Q

what branch from the external carotid A will sit deep to the muscles of the carotid triangle of the neck?

A

superior thyroid A and vein.

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16
Q

where is the vagus N. located in the carotid triangle?

A

Sandwiched between the internal jugular and common carotid as it comes down into the neck

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17
Q

what n. descends through the carotid triangle and bends at c3 to travel towards the tongue?

A

hypoglossal N

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18
Q

what happens to the hypoglossal N. once it exits the the carotid triangle?

A

the nerve passes through the digastric N.

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19
Q

what nerve is found deep in the digastric triangle and reaches the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

glossopharygeal n

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20
Q

what is the main function of the jugular veins?

A

allows superficial venous drainage

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21
Q

where is the internal jugular vein located?

A

deep to the SCM as a protection mechanism

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22
Q

what is the function of the external jugular vein

A

Drains all the superficial blood around the neck

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23
Q

where is the external jugular vein located related to the SCM?

A

superficial to it

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24
Q

where are the anterior jugular vein located?

A

on either side and are bridged together

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25
Q

where doe the carotid A bifurcate?

A

C3-C4

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26
Q

what muscle is found above the hyoid bone?

A

suprahyoid muscle

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27
Q

what is the responsibility of the suprahyoid muscles?

A

for closing off of the floor oral cavity

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28
Q

what are the muscles found below the hyoid bone?

A

infrahyoid muscles/strap muscles

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29
Q

why should we pierce the cricothyroid membrane and not the thyrohyoid membrane in a patient with obstructed airways?

A

in the thyrohyoid tube is inserted at that level we will damage the person’s vocal cords hence why we go below it

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30
Q

what type of incision should be done in the case of a patient with obstructed air ways? prevents damage to what?

A

longitudinal incision as it prevents damage to anterior jugular veins

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31
Q

what is the shared function of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

o Depression of the hyoid which is held in place

o Larynx depresses as well for phonation and terminal phases of swallowing

32
Q

what are the infrahyoid muscles

A

omohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thryrohyoid

33
Q

where does the omohyoid originate and insert?

A

From hyoid bone to scapula

34
Q

what is the particularity of the omohyoid muscle?

A

Halfway has a tendon allowing it to split into two muscle bellies (inferior and superior)

35
Q

what is the most superficial and longest infrahyoid muscle?

A

sternohyoid

36
Q

what is the o and i of the sternohyoid muscle?

A

Originate at the sternum and inserts on the hyoid

37
Q

what is the o and i of the thyrohyoid muscle?

A

Stretches from the thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone

38
Q

where does the thyrohyoid muscle sit?

A

deep to sternohyoid, above sternothyroid

39
Q

what innervates the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C4)

40
Q

what does the superior root of the ansa cervicalis get contribution from?

A

C1-C2

41
Q

what does the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis get contribution from?

A

C2-C3

42
Q

along what does the superior root of ansa cervicalis travel?

A

hypoglossal N

43
Q

where does ansa cervicalis sit relative to infrahyoid muscles?

A

superficial

44
Q

where will the motor branches of ansa cervicalis travel in the neck

A

much more anteriorly towards the front of the neck

45
Q

what does the hypoglossal N. give innervation to?

A

Motor innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

46
Q

what are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

mylohyoid
geniohyoid
digastric muscles
stylohyoid

47
Q

What is the O and I of mylohyoid?

A

Stretched from the myloid line to the hyoid bone

48
Q

what innervates the mylohyoid?

A

Innervated by the mylohyoid branch of mandibular N (V3)

49
Q

What is the O and I of geniohyoid

A

Stretched from the genu of the mandible to the hyoid bone

50
Q

what innervates geniohyoid?

A

Innervated by the hypoglossal N. XII

51
Q

geniohyoid sits deep in the oral cavity relative to what muscle?

A

deep to mylohyoid

52
Q

what muscle is superficial to mylohyoid?

A

digastric muscle

53
Q

how is the digastric muscle divided?

A

it has 2 muscle bellies (anterior and posterior)

54
Q

What is the O and I of digastric muscles?

A

Stretches from mastoid process to the hyoid bone

55
Q

what inserts the 2 bellies of the digastric muscle to the hyoid bone?

A

a common tendon

56
Q

What is the O and I of stylohyoid?

A

Stretches from styloid process to the hyoid bones

57
Q

where does stylohyoid muscle sit?

A

Sits above the posterior belly of the digastric muscles

58
Q

what trick can be used to recall the position of stylohyoid relative to digastric muscle?

A

think of FDS/FDP in fingers

59
Q

what innervates the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?

A

mylohyoid N v3

60
Q

what innervates the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

A

Facial N CN VII

61
Q

what is the main function of the suprahyoid muscles?

A

elevation of the hyoid when the mandible is fixed

62
Q

what is the function of mylohyoid when the mandible is fixed?

A
  • tightens and elevates the oral floor

* elevation of hyoid bone during swallowing

63
Q

what is the function of geniohyoid when the mandible is fixed?

A

• Elevation and protrusion of the hyoid bone during swallowing

64
Q

what is the function of stylohyoid when the mandible is fixed?

A

• Elevation and retraction of the mandible

65
Q

what is the function of digastric muscles when the mandible is fixed?

A

the posterior belly pulls posteriorly, the anterior belly pulls anteriorly which causes for the center to elevate where the hyoid bone attaches

66
Q

how do the suprahyoid muscles function if we want to move the mandible as oppose to closing it?

A

they muscles are pulled in the opposite way

67
Q

what are the most common nodes of the neck?

A

occipital
posterior auricular
submandibular
submental

68
Q

what are the lymphe nodes of the neck divided into?

A

superficial cervical and deep cervical

69
Q

where do the superficial cervical lymph nodes travel along?

A

Travel along the External Jugular vein, Superficial to SCM

70
Q

what drains into the superficial cervical lymph nodes?

A

Drainage of groups posterior to the cervical Lymph Nodes

71
Q

into what do the superficial cervical lymph nodes drain into?

A

the deep cervical lymph nodes?

72
Q

where do the the deep cervical lymph nodes travel aloing

A

Travels along the internal jugular vein

73
Q

what drains the upper lip?

A

submandibular nodes

74
Q

what drains the lower lip?

A

submental nodes

75
Q

into what do the submental and submandibular nodes drain into?

A

into the deep cervical lymph nodes

76
Q

what drains groups of the anterior ear?

A

deep cervical lymph nodes

77
Q

into what does the deep cervical lymph nodes drain into?

A

drains directly into the venous angle

ANAT 316 (22 decks)

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