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ANAT 316 > the neck > Flashcards

the neck Flashcards

1
Q

what if the name of the ifrst layer that completly encircles the neck?

A

the investing layer

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2
Q

what is the laye that Encircles the muscles associated with the vertebral column?

A

prevertebral layer

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3
Q

what is contained within the carotid sheath?

A

internal jugular vein
common carotid A.
Vagus N.

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4
Q

what layer Encircles the visceral compartment

A

pre-tracheal layer

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5
Q

what border the posterior triangle of the neck

A

Anterior border: sternocleidomastoid muscle
Posterior border: trapezius muscle
Inferior border: clavicle

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6
Q

the posterior triangle of the neck sits posterior to what muscles?

A

sternocleidomastoid

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7
Q

the posterior triangle of the neck sits anterior to what muscles?

A

trapezius

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8
Q

what nerve travels through the posterior triangle of the neck

A 
spinal accessory nerve (Deep to SCM)
brachial plexus (roots)
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9
Q

what muscles can be found passing through the posterior triangle of the neck

A

scalenes
levator scapulae
capitis

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10
Q

what borders the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Superior border: inferior border of the mandible
Lateral border: medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Medial border: imaginary line down midline of the neck

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11
Q

what muscle does the anterior triangle of neck sit anterior to?

A

SCM

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12
Q

what is the anterior triangle of the neck subdivided into?

A
  • submandibular (digastric triangle)

- carotid triangle

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13
Q

what can be found in the carotid triangle of the neck?

A
  • carotid A (external)

- internal jugular vein

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14
Q

what branches of the internal jugular vein are found within the carotid triangle?

A

the facial vein which inserts into it

retromandibular vein

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15
Q

what branch from the external carotid A will sit deep to the muscles of the carotid triangle of the neck?

A

superior thyroid A and vein.

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16
Q

where is the vagus N. located in the carotid triangle?

A

Sandwiched between the internal jugular and common carotid as it comes down into the neck

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17
Q

what n. descends through the carotid triangle and bends at c3 to travel towards the tongue?

A

hypoglossal N

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18
Q

what happens to the hypoglossal N. once it exits the the carotid triangle?

A

the nerve passes through the digastric N.

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19
Q

what nerve is found deep in the digastric triangle and reaches the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

glossopharygeal n

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20
Q

what is the main function of the jugular veins?

A

allows superficial venous drainage

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21
Q

where is the internal jugular vein located?

A

deep to the SCM as a protection mechanism

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22
Q

what is the function of the external jugular vein

A

Drains all the superficial blood around the neck

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23
Q

where is the external jugular vein located related to the SCM?

A

superficial to it

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24
Q

where are the anterior jugular vein located?

A

on either side and are bridged together

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25
where doe the carotid A bifurcate?
C3-C4
26
what muscle is found above the hyoid bone?
suprahyoid muscle
27
what is the responsibility of the suprahyoid muscles?
for closing off of the floor oral cavity
28
what are the muscles found below the hyoid bone?
infrahyoid muscles/strap muscles
29
why should we pierce the cricothyroid membrane and not the thyrohyoid membrane in a patient with obstructed airways?
in the thyrohyoid tube is inserted at that level we will damage the person’s vocal cords hence why we go below it
30
what type of incision should be done in the case of a patient with obstructed air ways? prevents damage to what?
longitudinal incision as it prevents damage to anterior jugular veins
31
what is the shared function of the infrahyoid muscles?
o Depression of the hyoid which is held in place | o Larynx depresses as well for phonation and terminal phases of swallowing
32
what are the infrahyoid muscles
omohyoid sternohyoid sternothyroid thryrohyoid
33
where does the omohyoid originate and insert?
From hyoid bone to scapula
34
what is the particularity of the omohyoid muscle?
Halfway has a tendon allowing it to split into two muscle bellies (inferior and superior)
35
what is the most superficial and longest infrahyoid muscle?
sternohyoid
36
what is the o and i of the sternohyoid muscle?
Originate at the sternum and inserts on the hyoid
37
what is the o and i of the thyrohyoid muscle?
Stretches from the thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone
38
where does the thyrohyoid muscle sit?
deep to sternohyoid, above sternothyroid
39
what innervates the infrahyoid muscles?
Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C4)
40
what does the superior root of the ansa cervicalis get contribution from?
C1-C2
41
what does the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis get contribution from?
C2-C3
42
along what does the superior root of ansa cervicalis travel?
hypoglossal N
43
where does ansa cervicalis sit relative to infrahyoid muscles?
superficial
44
where will the motor branches of ansa cervicalis travel in the neck
much more anteriorly towards the front of the neck
45
what does the hypoglossal N. give innervation to?
Motor innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
46
what are the suprahyoid muscles?
mylohyoid geniohyoid digastric muscles stylohyoid
47
What is the O and I of mylohyoid?
Stretched from the myloid line to the hyoid bone
48
what innervates the mylohyoid?
Innervated by the mylohyoid branch of mandibular N (V3)
49
What is the O and I of geniohyoid
Stretched from the genu of the mandible to the hyoid bone
50
what innervates geniohyoid?
Innervated by the hypoglossal N. XII
51
geniohyoid sits deep in the oral cavity relative to what muscle?
deep to mylohyoid
52
what muscle is superficial to mylohyoid?
digastric muscle
53
how is the digastric muscle divided?
it has 2 muscle bellies (anterior and posterior)
54
What is the O and I of digastric muscles?
Stretches from mastoid process to the hyoid bone
55
what inserts the 2 bellies of the digastric muscle to the hyoid bone?
a common tendon
56
What is the O and I of stylohyoid?
Stretches from styloid process to the hyoid bones
57
where does stylohyoid muscle sit?
Sits above the posterior belly of the digastric muscles
58
what trick can be used to recall the position of stylohyoid relative to digastric muscle?
think of FDS/FDP in fingers
59
what innervates the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?
mylohyoid N v3
60
what innervates the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?
Facial N CN VII
61
what is the main function of the suprahyoid muscles?
elevation of the hyoid when the mandible is fixed
62
what is the function of mylohyoid when the mandible is fixed?
* tightens and elevates the oral floor | * elevation of hyoid bone during swallowing
63
what is the function of geniohyoid when the mandible is fixed?
• Elevation and protrusion of the hyoid bone during swallowing
64
what is the function of stylohyoid when the mandible is fixed?
• Elevation and retraction of the mandible
65
what is the function of digastric muscles when the mandible is fixed?
the posterior belly pulls posteriorly, the anterior belly pulls anteriorly which causes for the center to elevate where the hyoid bone attaches
66
how do the suprahyoid muscles function if we want to move the mandible as oppose to closing it?
they muscles are pulled in the opposite way
67
what are the most common nodes of the neck?
occipital posterior auricular submandibular submental
68
what are the lymphe nodes of the neck divided into?
superficial cervical and deep cervical
69
where do the superficial cervical lymph nodes travel along?
Travel along the External Jugular vein, Superficial to SCM
70
what drains into the superficial cervical lymph nodes?
Drainage of groups posterior to the cervical Lymph Nodes
71
into what do the superficial cervical lymph nodes drain into?
the deep cervical lymph nodes?
72
where do the the deep cervical lymph nodes travel aloing
Travels along the internal jugular vein
73
what drains the upper lip?
submandibular nodes
74
what drains the lower lip?
submental nodes
75
into what do the submental and submandibular nodes drain into?
into the deep cervical lymph nodes
76
what drains groups of the anterior ear?
deep cervical lymph nodes
77
into what does the deep cervical lymph nodes drain into?
drains directly into the venous angle

ANAT 316 (22 decks)

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