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ANAT 316 > the foregut > Flashcards

the foregut Flashcards

1
Q

how is the abdomen divided into?

A

foregut
midgut
hindgut

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2
Q

where does the foregut range from?

A

esophagus to duodenum

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3
Q

what is the particularity of each gut?

A

Each gut is separated and receive single blood supply from a single artery which further branches off

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4
Q

at what level does the aorta pass the diaphragm

A

T12

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5
Q

what branches does the abdominal aorta give off?

A 
inferior phrenic a.
celiac trunk
superior messenteric a
inferior messenteric a
common iliac a
renal a
gonadal a
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6
Q

what A. supplies blood supply to the inferior surface of the diaphragm

A

inferior phrenic A

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7
Q

at what level is the celiac trunk found

A

T12/L1

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8
Q

where does the common iliac split?

A

L4

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9
Q

what is the esophagus a continuation of?

A

the pharynx

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10
Q

what is the esophagus divided into?

A

3 parts
cervical
thoracic
abdominal

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11
Q

what type of movement is allowed in the esophagus, what muscles accomplish it?

A

inner circular muscles

outer longitudinal muscles

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12
Q

what is the goal of the sphincters at each end of the esophagus?

A

to keep each the acid from stomach to mix with bases of the SI

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13
Q

how is the UES controlled?

A

Voluntary control

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14
Q

how is the LES controlled?

A

involuntary control

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15
Q

at what level does the esophagus pass the diaphragm?

A

T10

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16
Q

where is the stomach located in the abdomen? precisely what regions?

A

upper left quadrant

in the epigastric, umbilical and left hypochondriac regions

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17
Q

where is the cardia of the stomach found?

A

it the portion of the stomach that is closes to the heart,

the cardia orifice opens at the LES

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18
Q

in what part of the stomach does gas build up?

A

fundus

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19
Q

where is the fundus located?

A

upper portion of the stomach

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20
Q

what happens to the body of the stomach as we go from the superior to inferior portion of the stomach?`

A

it narrows

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21
Q

where does chyme get secreted out of the stomach from?

A

pyloric canal

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22
Q

what Controls movement of chyme from stomach to SI and is a thickened region of circular muscles?

A

pyloric sphincter

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23
Q

what is a rugae?

A

Folds of the inner stomach wall that will flatten as the stomach distends to increase in size

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24
Q

what are the curvatures of the stomach?

A

lesser and greater curvature

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25
Q

where is the duodenum located in the abdomen?

A

ranges from upper left to upper right quadrants

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26
Q

how is the duodenum divided into?

A 
4 parts
D1: Superior
D2: descending
D3: inferior
D4: ascending
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27
Q

what parts of the abdomen are intraperitoneal?

A

D1 and a part of D4 (distal)

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28
Q

what parts of the abdomen are retroperitoneal?

A

D2-D3-D4(proximal)

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29
Q

what does the SI divide into?

A

o Duodenum
o Jejum
o ileum

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30
Q

what type of organ is the pancreas? exception?

A

Retroperitoneal organ (except for the tail)

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31
Q

what is the function of the pancreas?

A

Responsible for producing and secreting insulin and digestive enzymes

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32
Q

how can the pancreas be viewed?

A

Can be viewed by entering the lesser sac deep to the stomach

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33
Q

where is the head of the pancreas located?

A

in the concavity of the duodenum

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34
Q

where is the uncinate process of the pancreas found?

A

Near the head of the pancreas on the inferior surface

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35
Q

how does the body and tail of the pancreas travel in the abdomen? at what levels?

A

travel to the left, deep to the stomach, anterior to left kidney
L1-L4

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36
Q

is the spleen a vital organ?

A

no

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37
Q

what type of organ is the spleen?

A

intraperitoneal

38
Q

what is the function of the spleen?

A

Responsible for filtration and recycling of the red blood cells
Involved in the immune system

39
Q

where is the spleen located?

A

upper left quadrant between ribs 9-11 at mid-axillary line

40
Q

what are the hilum of the spleen and what do they border?

A

anterior surface aka the colic area borders the splenic fissure of the colon
the superior surface akak gastric area borders the stomach
the inferior surface aka renal surface borders the left kidney

41
Q

what are the ligaments thta are close to the lesser sac at the level of the spleen on the left hand side?

A
  • gastrosplenic ligament

- splenorenal ligament

42
Q

is the liver a vital organ?

43
Q

what is the function of the liver?

A

Filters all venous blood from GIT

44
Q

where is the liver located?

A

upper right quadrant of the abdomen above transpyloric line (L1)

45
Q

what level does the superior border of the liver reach anteriorly?

A

5th rib (above diaphragm)

46
Q

what level does the superior border of the liver reach posteriorly?

47
Q

what type of organ is the liver?

A

intraperitoneal

48
Q

what part of the liver is not covered by the peritoneum?

A

the bare area

49
Q

what creates the anterior and posterior coronary ligaments?

A

 Peritoneum extending between the inferior surface of the diaphragm and the superior border of the liver

50
Q

what creates the right and left triangular ligaments?

A

Where anterior and posterior coronary ligaments converge on the right and left sides of the liver

51
Q

how is the liver divided?

A

into 4 lobes

left and right lobe and the right lobe is further divided into the caudate and the quadrate lobes

52
Q

what lobe of the liver sits next to the IVC?

A

caudate lobe

53
Q

what lobe of the liver sits next to the gallbladder anteriorly?

A

quadrate lobe

54
Q

what is the falciform ligament?

A

Peritoneal fold containing ligamentum teres

55
Q

what is ligamentum teres?

A

Fetal remnant of the ductus venosus that acted as a fetal shunt to bypass liver and bring oxygenated blood from umbilical cord from the mother’s placenta to the heart via IVC allowing it to be pumped out

56
Q

how does the bile leave the liver?

A

via the right and left hepatic bile ducts

57
Q

what do the left and right hepatic ducts converge into?

A

common hepatic duct

58
Q

what does the common hepatic duct merge with? what does it form?

A

Common hepatic duct merges with the cystic duct of the gallbladder to form the common bile duct

59
Q

how does bile go in and out of the bile duct?

A

Spiral mechanism inside allowing bile to come in through one and out the opposite spiral

60
Q

how does the common bile duct travel?

A

posterior to D1

61
Q

what is the function of the common bile duct?

A

Responsible for bringing bile into the SI

62
Q

what happens to the common bile duct before it brings bile into the SI?

A

meets with pancreatic duct and provides enzymes

63
Q

how is the accessory pancreatic duct created?

A

Common hepatic duct merges with the pancreatic duct creating the heptopancreatic ampulla of vater

64
Q

where in the duodenum does emptying of the pancreatic occur?

A

D2 at the major duodenal papilla

65
Q

where does the minor pancreatic duct empty itself?

A

D2 above pancrearic duct at the minor duodenal papilla

66
Q

how is the celiac trunk divided?

A

left gastric A
splenic A
Common hepatic A

67
Q

how does the left gastric A travel?

A

Follows along the lesser curvature of the stomach

68
Q

what organs are supplied by the left gastric A?

A

esophagus via the esophageal A

69
Q

what is particular about the splenic A (makes it easy to identify)

A

its tortuous structure

70
Q

how does the splenic a REACH THE SPLEEN?

A

by traveling posterior to the stomach, it also travels along the superior border of the pancreas

71
Q

how does the splenic vein differ from the A

A

vein is not tortuous and travels posterior to the pancreas

72
Q

what does the common hepatic A branch off into?

A

hepatic A. proper and gastroduodenal A

73
Q

what recieves blood from the hepatic A. proper?

A

liver and gallbladder

74
Q

where does the hepatic A proper travel?

A

o Lesser curvature of the stomach

o Goes up towards the liver

75
Q

what does the hepatic A. proper branch off into?

A

left and right hepatic A

76
Q

what does the right hepatic A branch off into?

A

cystic A and right gastric A

77
Q

what does the right gastric A anastamose with?

A

left gastric A

78
Q

Where does the gastroduodenal a travel?

A

along the Greater curvature of the stomach
Travels to duodenum and stomach
Travels posterior to D1 segment

79
Q

what branches comes from the gastroduodenal a

A

supraduodenal A

right gastroepiploic A

80
Q

what does the right gastroepiploic A anastamose with?

A

left gastroepiploic A from the splenic A

81
Q

into what does the superior pancreaticoduodenal A branch off into?

A

anterior and posterior branches

82
Q

what type of organ is the gallbladder?

A

intraperiorneal

83
Q

what is the function of the gallbladder?

A

storage of bile

84
Q

what is the gallbladder divided into?

A

neck
body
fundus

85
Q

what is the neck of the gallbladder?

A

Narrowing of the gallbladder leading into the cystic duct

86
Q

where is the body of the gallbladder located

A

next to the liver

87
Q

how is the cystic duct made to allow 2-way flow?

A

spiral internal design

88
Q

what is contained in the hilum of the lungs?

A

the portal triad

89
Q

what composes the portal triad?

A

hepatic A proper
common bile duct
portal vein

90
Q

what is the portal vein responsible for?

A

venous drainage of the digestive system and various organs of the abdomen

91
Q

how does the portal vein travel?

A

posterior to the hepatic Artery proper and common bile duct

ANAT 316 (22 decks)

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