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ANAT 316 > pleura, lungs and tracheobrachial tree > Flashcards

pleura, lungs and tracheobrachial tree Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pleura?

A

serious membrane that forms a closed sac on the outer surface of the lungs and lining of the thoracic cavity

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2
Q

what components does the parieta pleur divide into?

A
  • cervical
  • costal
  • diaphragmatic
  • mediastinal
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3
Q

what does the parietal pleura line?

A

the inner surface of the thoracic wall

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4
Q

what does the visceral pleura line?

A

the outter surface of the lungs

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5
Q

what is the space between the parietal and the visceral pleural layers which is filled with fluid (

A

pleural cavity

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6
Q

what is the function of the fluid found in the pleural cavity?

A

This fluid filled space has a negative pressure which produces suction which prevents lung from collapsing
The fluid also serves to lubricate the tissues and reduce friction

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7
Q

what is a pleural recess?

A

Spaces within the pleural cavity which are never completely filled with lung tissue,

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8
Q

what happens to pleural recesses during inspiration

A

parts of lung migrate into it

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9
Q

what happens to pleural recesses during expiration?

A

lung fully expands into the recesse

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10
Q

what is the space where the costal and mediastinal parietal pleura meet

A

costamediastinal recess

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11
Q

what is the space where the costal and diaphragmatic parietal pleura meet

A

costodiaphragmatic recess

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12
Q

what portion of the parietal pleura is innervated by the intercostal N.?

A

costal portion

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13
Q

pain from the costal portion of the parietal pleura is referred to?

A

the lateral thoracic and abdominal walls

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14
Q

what portion of the parietal pleura is innervated by the phrenic N.?

A

mediastinal part of the parietal pleura

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15
Q

pain from the mediastinal portion of the parietal pleura is referred to?

A

neck and shoulders (dermatones of C3-C5)

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16
Q

what nerves innervate the visceral pleura?

A

nerves from the autonomic NS

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17
Q

can pain be felt if injury to visceral pleura?

A

no, insensitive to pain

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18
Q

where is the apex of the lung located?

A

2-4 cm above clavicle

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19
Q

where is the base or the lung located?

A

adjacent to the diaphragm

20
Q

how many lobes does the right lung contain?

A

3 lobes

superior, middle, inferior

21
Q

what does the horizontal fissure separate? in what lung?

A

the superior and middle lobe of the right lung

22
Q

what does the oblique fissure separate? in what lung?

A

the superior and inferior lobes in both lungs

23
Q

what is the corresponding structure to the middle lobe that is found in the left lung and continuous with the superior lobe?

A

lingual

24
Q

at what level can the horizontal fissure be observed posteriorly? based on what line?

A

rib 4

paravertebral line

25
Q

what line is used laterally to identify landmarks?

A

midaxillary line

26
Q

what landmarks can be identified laterally and at which levels?

A

horizontal fissure: rib 5
inferior border of the lung: rib 8
inferior parietal pleura: rib 10

27
Q

what lines are used anteriorly to identify landmarks?

A 
mid-clavicular Line (horizontal and oblique fissure and inferior border of the lung)
parasternal line (horizontal fissure)
28
Q

anteriorly where are the landmark identified?

A

horizontal fissure: rib 4
oblique fissure: rib 6
inferior border of the rib: rib 6

29
Q

what does abduction of the arm allow to properly vue in regards to the lungs?

A

which provides view of the superior and inferior border of the lungs, and the medial scapular border parallels the oblique fissure acting as a surface guide.

30
Q

what impressions can be observed on the right lung?

A
  • esophagus
  • SVC
  • Azygous vein
31
Q

what impressions can be observed on the left lung?

A
  • aorta
  • esophagus (minimal)
  • cardia impression of the heart
32
Q

what structure is found centrally in both lungs?

A

the hilum of the lungs

33
Q

what structures compose the hilum of the lungs?

A

Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary vein
Primary bronchus

34
Q

what is the orientation of the structures of the hilum of the right lung?

A

BAV

from posterior to anterior

35
Q

what is the orientation of the structures of the hilum of the left lung?

A

ABV

from superior to inferior

36
Q

what is the main function of the pulmonary ligament?

A

its a reflection of the pleura which allows the vessels to dilate and expand in size without limitations

37
Q

what is the function of the tracheobrachial tree?

A

serves the respiratory airways

38
Q

what is the function of the cartilage rings in the trachea?

A

These rings allow for the trachea to remain open regardless of the heads position

39
Q

where can the trachialis muscle be found?

A

on the posterior side of the trachea

40
Q

where does the trachea first split?

A

sternal angle level T4/T5

this place is known as Carina

41
Q

how does the trachea split

A

primary bronchi: one in each lung
secondary bronchi: 1 in each lobe of each lung
tertiary bronchi:
right lung: 3 superior, 2 middle, 5 inferior
left lung: 5 inferior, 5 superior
further branching of the tertiary brachiole into terminal and respiratory brachiole

42
Q

what do the respiratory brachiole lead to?

A

leads into alveoli/alveolar sacs which serve as the sites of gas exchange

43
Q

what type of blood is carried through the pulmonary A and what’s its trajectory?

A

-deoxygenated blood

from heart to lungs

44
Q

what type of blood is carried through the pulmonary V and what’s its trajectory?

A

-oxygenated blood

from lung back into the heart

45
Q

what is the function of the bronchial A and V?

A

: provides blood supply and venous drainage to the bronchi and lung tissues

ANAT 316 (22 decks)

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