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ANAT 316 > pharynx and larynx > Flashcards

pharynx and larynx Flashcards

1
Q

what is the neck divided up into?

A

• Divided up into fascial compartments

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2
Q

what components can be found in the carotid component of the neck?

A

 Internal jugular V
 Common carotid a.
 Vagus N.

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3
Q

what is contained in the viscera compartment of the neck?

A 
	Trachea
	Parts of pharynx
	Parts of larynx
	Trachea
	Thyroid gland
	Parathyroid gland
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4
Q

what bone is o Attached to the thyroid cartilage via the thyro-hyoid membrane, had a semicircular shape and opens up posteriorly

A

hyoid bone

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5
Q

where is the thyroid cartilage located?

A

above and below the hyoid bone

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6
Q

where can the larygeal prominence be found?

A

center of thyroid cartilage

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7
Q

what is an other name given to they larygeal prominence?

A

adam’s apple

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8
Q

what ligament connects the thyroid cartilage to the cricoid cartilage?

A

Cricoid-thyroid ligament

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9
Q

how can the cricoid cartilage be described as?

A

full ring of cartilage

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10
Q

where is the cricoid cartilage located?

A

Inferior to the laryngeal prominence

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11
Q

what composes the trachea?

A

Semicircular cartilaginous rings

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12
Q

what are the constrictors of the pharynx?

A
  • superior

- middle and inferior pharygeal constrictors

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13
Q

what pharynx muscle is continuous with buccinator?

A

o Superior pharyngeal constrictor

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14
Q

what connects the 3 constrictor muscles together?

A

pharygeal raphe

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15
Q

what constrictor is Mostly attached to the hyoid bone posteriorly

A

Middle pharyngeal constrictor

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16
Q

what constrictor leads us to the esophagus

A

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

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17
Q

what type of muscle are the pharyngeal constrictors referred as?

A

circular muscles

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18
Q

what muscles stretches from the styloid process to middle pharyngeal constrictors

A

Stylopharygeaus

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19
Q

what is the function of Stylopharygeaus?

A

elevates the pharynx

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20
Q

what muscles works with Stylopharygeaus?

A

palatopharygeux muscle

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21
Q

what muscle of the pharynx acts as a longitudinal muscle?

A

Stylopharygeaus

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22
Q

what components can be observed deep to the superior pharyngeal constrictor if it was reflected?

A

Nasal cavity with the chonae

Nasopharynx

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23
Q

what components can be observed deep to the middle pharyngeal constrictor if it was reflected?

A

oropharynx

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24
Q

what components can be observed deep to the inferior pharyngeal constrictor if it was reflected?

A

Laryngopharynx

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25
Q

what does the pharynx transition into lower down?

A

esophagus

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26
Q

what types of muscles compose the pharynx?

A

circular and longitudinal

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27
Q

what are the muscles of the pharynx essential for?

A

Essential for peristalisis

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28
Q

how do the circular muscles of the pharynx contract?

A

muscles contract behind the bolus preventing it to go back up
muscles relax the tube will widen allowing for food to pass down

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29
Q

how do the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx contract?

A

Longitudinal muscles contract ahead and shorten the tube

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30
Q

what nerve innervates the pharyngeal constrictors?

A

pharygeal branches Vagus N ( CN X)

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31
Q

what innervates the stylopharygeaus?

A

innervated by the glossopharyngeal N (IX)

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32
Q

how does the glossopharygeal N. travel to innervate stylopharygeus?

A

Nerve passes over the muscle

Dives and moves posteriorly to reach the posterior 1/3 of the tongue.

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33
Q

what is the supraglottic space of the larynx associated with?

A

epiglottis

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34
Q

what is the transglottic space of the larynx associated with?

A

space between the set of vocal cords

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35
Q

what is the infraglottic space of the larynx associated with?

A

where the larynx transitions into the trachea

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36
Q

what cartilage has a triangular shape and lays posterior to the larynx?

A

Arythenoid cartilage

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37
Q

how is the epiglottis attached and where?

A

Attached anteriorly to the thyroid cartilage at an apex by Thyro-epiglottic ligament

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38
Q

what does the quadrangular membrane attach the epiglottis to?

A

epiglottis (anteriorly) to the arytenoid cartilage (posteriorly)

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39
Q

what thicken to form the vocal cords?

A

the inferior free border of the quadrangular membrane

40
Q

what forms the false vocal cords?

A

vestibular folds

41
Q

what is the notch component in the “fold-notch-fold” of the vocal cords?

A

larygeal verticle

42
Q

what fold forms the true vocal cords?

A

vocal folds

43
Q

what border of the crico-thyroid ligament has a free edge?

A

the superior border

44
Q

what does the free edge of the crico-thyroid ligament form?

A

the true vocal cords (vocal folds)

45
Q

what is the rima glottis?

A

o Space between the true vocal cords

46
Q

how should the vocals cords be when breathing?

A

nicely opened

47
Q

how should the rima glotta be when swallowing?

A

closed in order for the infraglottic space to also be closed

48
Q

what mechanism occurs in order to direct food in the esophagus?

A
  • AD of vocal cords

- depression of epiglottis

49
Q

what are the Crico-arythenoid muscles involved in respiration?

A

Posterior crico-arythenoid muscles

Lateral crico-arythenoid

50
Q

where does the Posterior crico-arythenoid muscles originate and insert?

A

Stretches from arythenoid cartilage to the cricoid cartilage

51
Q

what is the function of the Posterior crico-arythenoid muscles?

A

Only muscles involved in AB of the vocal folds

52
Q

how is the rima glottis opened in normal respiration

A

normal, not too widely openeds

53
Q

how is the rima glottis opened in forced respiration

A

widely opened to maximize the air that enters the trachea

54
Q

through what mechanism does the rima glottis open during forced respiration

A

Arytenoid cartilage is stretched posteriorly causes for the superior peak to move laterally thus AB the vocal folds causing opening of rima glottis

55
Q

where does the lateral crico-arythenoid muscles originate and insert?

A

Stretches from arythenoid cartilage to the cricoid cartilage in an oblique fashion

56
Q

what movement is accomplished by the lateral crico-arythenoid muscles

A

Lateral point of the arythenoid cartilage is brought anteriorly to the circoid cartilage

57
Q

what is the function of the lateral crico-arythenoid muscles?

A

Lessens the opening of the inferior epiglottis

58
Q

why is the movement accomplished by the lateral crico-arythenoid muscles not considered a true movement of AD?

A

since the rima glottis is not completely closed

59
Q

what type of sound is produced by the partial closureof the lateral crico-arythenoid?

A

Allows to whisper

60
Q

what are the Crico-arythenoid muscles involved in phonation

A

Transverse crico- arythenoid muscles

Oblique crico-arythenoid muscles

61
Q

where does the Transverse crico- arythenoid muscles originate and insert?

A

Stretches from arythenoid cartilage to the cricoid cartilage

62
Q

how does the Oblique crico-arythenoid muscle stretch out?

A

in a criss cross manner

63
Q

how do the Crico-arythenoid muscles involved in phonation function?

A

-adduction of vocal cords to produce sound and will cause closing of the vocal cords

64
Q

what are the muscles of the neck that are involved in pitch?

A

Muscles attaching to the thyroid cartilage

65
Q

what muscle Tilts thyroid cartilage forward which causes it to stretch thus increases tension in the vocal cords?

A

Circicothyroid muscles

66
Q

what muscle in involved in producing high pitch sounds?

A

Circicothyroid muscles

67
Q

how is the Circicothyroid muscles composed?

A

oblique and straight components

68
Q

what muscle in responsible for lower pitch sounds?

A

Thyroid-arythenoid muscle

69
Q

how does the Thyroid-arythenoid muscle produce low pitch sounds

A

Decreases the tension in vocal cords (decrease in length since arythnocartilage moves forward)

70
Q

how does the Thyroid-arythenoid muscle travel in the larynx?

A

Runs on the lateral sides in a parallel fashion from anterior to posterior in the larynx

71
Q

how does the vagus nerve travel to the larynx?

A

o Descends down in the neck and descends into the mediastinum, Makes their way back up along to the trachea, pierces through membranes of circoid cartilage and thyroid cartiage and enters into the larynx

72
Q

what muscle of the larynx is the exception and does not get innervated by the vagus nerve?

A

Cricoidthyroid

73
Q

what des the vagus nerve bifurcate into?

A

left and right recurrent larygeal n

74
Q

what does the superior larygeal N. separate into?

A

internal and external branches

75
Q

what is the internal branch of the superior laryngeal N. responsible for innervating?

A

provides sensory innervation

76
Q

how does the internalbranch of the superior laryngeal N. travel to give innveration?

A

Descends through the thyrohyoid membrane to enter into the larynx

77
Q

what is the external branch of the superior laryngeal N. responsible for innervating?

A

motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle

78
Q

what A. give blood to the larynx?

A

superior thyroid A via the superior larygeal a AND CRICOTHYROID BRANCHES

79
Q

what does the superior Laryngeal A. give blood to?

A

Blood supply to internal branches of superior laryngeal N

80
Q

what does the cricothyroid branches give blood to?

A

blood supply to the external branches

mainly; the cricothyroid muscle

81
Q

what are the phase of deglutition?

A
  • oral
  • pharygeal
  • esophageal
82
Q

what does the oral phase of degluition involve?

A

movement of the tongue in anterior-to-posterior sequence against the palate

83
Q

what does the pharyngeal phase of deglutition involve?

A

closure of the nasal and laryngeal cavities via soft palate and epiglotis respectively

84
Q

what happens to the soft palate and epiglottis during the pharyngeal phase?

A

 soft palate goes up to close the nasal cavity, the epiglottis depresses to close the larynx so that the food will enter the trachea

85
Q

what muscles push down the bolus in the pharyngeal phase?

A

constrictors push the bolus down

86
Q

what is the epiglottis? what does it attach to?

A

epiglottis is a cartilaginous structure lined by a mucosal membrane
attached anteriorly to the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone

87
Q

under what (2) mechanisms does the epiglottis function?

A

Hyoid bone protrudes anteriorly and slightly elevated causing for stretching of epiglottis to go in the opposite direction and flatten out
Muscular Contraction will assist in its full depression of the epiglottis

88
Q

what muscle contributes to the full depression of the epiglottis?

A

Ary-epiglottic muscle

89
Q

what does the esophageal consist of?

A

coordination of muscle contraction to propel the bolus inferiorly to the stomach (peristalsis)

90
Q

where do the thyroid glands join?

A

joins centrally at the itmus

91
Q

what percent of the population has a 3rd thyroid lobe?

A

10-30

92
Q

where are the parathyroid glands located?

A

o parathyroid glands are tucked in the posterior aspect of the thyroid glands

93
Q

what is the main function of the parathyroid

A

o Store hormones that are essential for regulation

94
Q

what A. provide blood supply to the Thyroid glands?

A

superior and inferior thyroid A.

95
Q

what is the venous drainage of the thyroid gland

A

Thyroid plexus will drain into the internal jugular v.
Superior thyroid vein (2)
Middle thyroid vein (2) The inferior thyroid vein will brain into the left brachial vein into the svc

ANAT 316 (22 decks)

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