The Thorax(and breathing)

Question 1

Where is the superior thoracic aperture?

Answer 1

At the root of the neck.

Question 2

Where is the inferior thoracic aperture?

Answer 2

Closed by the diaphragm.

Question 3

Name the structures of the thoracic cavity.

Answer 3

Jugular notch
Sternum:
Manubrium
Body of the sternum.
xiphoid process

Question 4

What are true ribs?

Answer 4

First 7: have their own costal cartilage.

Question 5

What are false ribs?

Answer 5

8 ,9, 10: Joins to the costal cartilage of their neighbour. Doesn’t link straight to the sternum.

Question 6

What are floating ribs?

Answer 6

11, 12: Don’t join to costal cartilage/the sternum.

Question 7

What is the structure of the diaphragm?

Answer 7

Musculotendinous.

Question 8

What kind of muscle compromises the diaphragm?

Answer 8

Skeletal.

Question 9

What nerve supplies the diaphragm?

Answer 9

The phrenic nerve.

Question 10

What is anchored to the diaphragm?

Answer 10

The pericardial sac.

Question 11

What does the diaphragm fold around?

Answer 11

The oesophagus and the inferior vena cava.

Question 12

What sits posterior to the diaphragm? why?

Answer 12

The aorta.

Can’t have the aorta contracting alongside the diaphragm.

Question 13

Where is the apex of the lung?

Answer 13

1 inch above the clavicle.

Question 14

What are the lungs situated in?

Answer 14

Pleural cavities

Question 15

What lung has 3 lobes?

Answer 15

The right

Question 16

Name the fissures of the right lung?

Answer 16

Horizontal and oblique.

Question 17

Why does the left lung only have 2 lobes?

Answer 17

Placement of the heart

Question 18

Name the fissure of the left lung.

Answer 18

Oblique only.

Question 19

Name the 2 impressions on the left lung.

Answer 19

Cardiac impression

Aortic impression.

Question 20

Name the 2 layers of lung pleura.

Answer 20

Parietal (chest wall)

Visceral (directly on lung tissue)

Question 21

What does the pulmonary ligament join?

Answer 21

The parietal and visceral pleura.

Question 22

What is a costodiaphragmatic recess?

Answer 22

Space not filled by lung tissue, can fill with fluid.

Question 23

Near the muscles of the diaphragm.

Answer 23

External intercostals: Elevates ribs.

Internal intercostals: Depresses ribs

Question 24

What muscle depresses the last rib?

Answer 24

Quadrates lumborum

Question 25

What is the neuromuscular bundle?

Answer 25

Intercostal vein, artery and nerve.

Question 26

List some accessory muscles used in respiration.

Answer 26

Sternocleidomastoid: Raises the clavicle in strenuous breathing.

Pectorals major: Widems the thorax in strenuous breathing.

Scalene: Raises the first rib. in strenuous breathing.