Head and Neck Anatomy Flashcards
What kind of bones compromise the cranial portion of the head?
Flat bones.
Name the cranial bones.
Ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal (x2), sphenoid temporal (x2)
What kind of bones compromise the facial portion of the head?
Irregular bones.
Name the facial bones.
Lacrimal (x2), Maxilla (x2), Nasal (x2), Inferior concha (x2) Palatine bone (x2) volmer Zygoma (x2) Mandible.
Name the cranial sutures.
Fused in adults
Coronal (at the front)
Sagittal (down the middle)
Lambdoid (at the back)
What are fontanelles?
(Babies) Membranous gaps between the cranial bones, before the sutures fuse.
Relevance of fontanelles during birth.
Shift and overlap to allow the baby to travel though the birth canal. Eventually take normal position.
When does the anterior fontanelle fuse?
2 years old.
When does the posterior fontanelle fuse?
2 months old.
Name a characteristic of the temporal bone?
Petrous = bumpy.
What is the weakest point of the skull?
Temporal.
Why is trauma to the temporal region dangerous?
A large vessel runs beneath the pterion (where cranial bones meet posterior to the temple) can burst and cause large bleeds.
Where does the brain and spinal cord communicate?
Foramen magnum.
What happens when there is increased inter cranial presser?
Brain is forced down the foramen magnum where the brainstem sits. Affects breathing, heart rate etc.
What facial bone absorbs impact from trauma? “Crash barrier”
Zygoma.
What is the structure called that ONLY the optic nerve runs through?
Optic foramen
What does the superior orbital fissure contain?
All the other nerves that innervate the eye (except the optic nerve)
What does the infraorbital canal contain?
Infraorbital foramen is the exit hole in the face
Infraorbital artery, vein and nerve
What nerve supplies the front 6 teeth?
Nasopalatine nerve.
Does the internal or external carotid artery have branches?
External has branches in the neck.
What does the external carotid artery supply?
External structures
What does the internal carotid artery supply?
80% brain blood supply.
Head and neck structures.
Arterial blood supply to the pharynx.
Ascending pharyngeal artery.
Arterial blood supply to the thyroid.
superior thyroid artery.
Arterial blood supply to the floor of the mouth.
Lingual artery.
Arterial blood supply to the face.
The facial artery.
Arterial blood supply to the back of the scalp.
Occipital artery.
Arterial blood supply to the ear.
Posterior auricular.