Clinical Anatomy of the Face

Question 1

What is the neurocranium?

Answer 1

Part of the skull that covers the brain and meninges.

Question 2

What are pneumatised bones?

Answer 2

Bones with air cells

Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Temporal

Question 3

What is the viscerocranium? How many bones are there?

Answer 3

The facial skeleton.

14 bones.

Question 4

What is the calvaria of the skull?

Answer 4

The roof of the skull

Question 5

What takes longer to form? The viscerocranium or the calvaria?

Answer 5

Viscerocranium

Question 6

What is the clinical test fro CN:5? (Trigeminal nerve)

Answer 6

Touch the face in random places (no sequence) patient stay yes when felt.

Question 7

What nerve supplies the oblicularis oris (around the mouth)?

Answer 7

Buccal branch of the facial

Question 8

Where is the oblicularis oculi?

Answer 8

Around the eye

scrunches the eye

Question 9

In facial paralysis, a stroke has to be ruled out first. How would this be done?

Answer 9

Forehead is unaffected in a stroke.

Question 10

What are the characteristics of Bells Palsy?

Answer 10

Paralysis on one side of the face only.

Question 11

What happens in Bells palsy in order for paralysis to occur?

Answer 11

Swelling of the facial nerve.

Question 12

What is given to treat Bells Palsy?

Answer 12

Steroids: Prednisolone

Anti-viral: Acyclovir

Question 13

Name the branches of the facial nerve.

Answer 13

Temporal
Zygomatic: Supplies lower eyelid.
Buccal: Buccinator.
Marginal mandibular: Supplies the depressors and lower lips.
Cervical: Tense the neck

Question 14

Facial reanimation treatment depends on what?

Answer 14

Level of injury.

Duration of paralysis.

Question 15

What can be use to correct facial asymmetry from paralysis?

Answer 15

Fascia lata from the thigh.

Question 16

What kind of joint is the TMJ?

Answer 16

Synovial joint. (fluid)

Question 17

What is unique about the movement of the TMJ joint?

Answer 17

Partial dislocation every time it moves.

Question 18

What is the only muscle that elevates the mandible/opens the mouth?

Answer 18

The lateral pterygoid.

Question 19

What feature of the TMJ prevents permanent lock?

Answer 19

The articular eminence.

Question 20

What nerve passes through the mandibular foramen?

Answer 20

The inferior alveolar nerve from the mandibular branch of the trigeminal.

Question 21

What is the styloid process of the TMJ?

Answer 21

Stabilises and provides ligament attachment.

Question 22

What danger is associated with the styloid process?

Answer 22

Near the carotid artery, can puncture.