Cell growth Disorder Flashcards
What is agenesis?
Organ doesn’t develop at all.
What is Aplasia?
Organ fails to develop normal structure.
What is hypoplasia?
Normal structure, less tissue formed.
What is a hamartoma?
A disorder of too much growth that occurs during patients growth period. Stops at a certain age.
List 3 examples of hamatoma’s.
Pigmented naevi (moles)
Haemangioma: Overgrowth of blood vessels.
Lymphangioma: Overgrowth of lymph nodes.
What are the main differences between a hamartoma and a benign tumour?
Hamartoma has a fibrous tissue capsule.
Hamartoma is only active in patients growth stage however a benign tumour would continue to grow.
List development disorders in which the growth occurs in the wrong place.
Meckels diverticulum: Out-pouching of the small intestine.
Ectopic pregnancy/tooth.
Name the the 5 kinds of acquired growth disorder.
Atrophy: Decrease in size and number of the cell.
Hypertrophy: Cell size is larger
Hyperplasia: Cell size remains the same yet the number of cells increase.
Metaplasia: Change from one tissue to another. (Stays within the same group i.e. 1 epithelium to another)
Dysplasia: Change is growth pattern.
List some localised causes of atrophy?
(Decrease in cell size and number )
Ischaemia.
Pressure on an area of cells.
Autoimmune.
What is an atrophic mandible?
When there are no teeth present there are no periodontal ligaments to transmit the biting forces therefore the mandible bone is subjected to these forces and decreases.
Can wear away the mental foramen and expose the nerve.
Name the 3 cell types.
Labile: Always dividing. e.g. epithelium.
Stable: Can divide, only at certain times.
Permanent: Cant divide. e.g. nerve cell.
What cells can undergo hyperplasia?
(Hyperplasia: Cell size stays the same, number increases)
Labile and stable cells.
In what cell type does pure hypertrophy occur in?
Permanent cells.
List examples of metaplasia.
Barrett’s oesophagus.
Squamous changes to columnar.
What is neoplasia?
Abnormal growth of tissue mass.
Once the stimulus is removed the mass keeps growing.
Can be benign and malignant.
