Blood

Question 1

Name the 3 types of blood cells.

Answer 1

Erythrocytes (red BC)
Leukocytes (white BC)
thrombocytes (platelets)

Question 2

List the plasma proteins (4)

Answer 2

Albumins: Maintains oncotic pressure.

Globulins: Transports molecules. Immune functions.

Fibrinogen: Blood clotting.

Regulatory proteins: Regulate enzymes and hormones.

Question 3

What shape are red blood cells? What is the purpose of this shape.

Answer 3

Biconcave shape.
Increases the surface area for oxygen. Allows contraction and expansion of the cell so that it can get through small vessels.

Question 4

What is the lifespan of a RBC?

Answer 4

120 days

Question 5

What happens to damaged RBC?

Answer 5

Haemolysis occurs immediately the products are passed to macrophages to be broken down and are then peed out.

Question 6

What is haem broken down into?

Answer 6

Biliverdin then bilirubin.

Question 7

What is the name for RBC formation?

Answer 7

Erythropoiesis.

Question 8

What hormone regulates erythropoiesis?

Answer 8

Erythropoietin.

Question 9

Where is erythropoietin made?

Answer 9

The liver.

Question 10

Where does erythropoiesis occur?

Answer 10

Red bone marrow in the skull cap, the hip, long bones and the sternum.

Question 11

In mature RBC, what does folic acid and B12 assist the removal of?

Answer 11

The nucleus.

Question 12

Explain the process of red blood cell production.

Answer 12

Decrease in RBC

Decrease in oxygen delivery

Decreased amount of oxygen reaching the kidney.

Causes erythropoietin to be released.

Hormone travels to red bone marrow.

Increased RBC production.

Question 13

What enzyme allows CO2 to be carried on RBC?

Answer 13

Carbonic anhydrase.

Question 14

Carbonic anhydrase is found in RBC, where else in the body is it found?

Answer 14

The parietal cells in the stomach.

Question 15

What form of haemoglobin does a foetus have?

Answer 15

Hb-F

Question 16

How many oxygen particles are in haemoglobin?

Answer 16

4

Question 17

Name the granulocytes in white blood cells.

Answer 17

Neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil.

Question 18

Name the granulocytes in white blood cells.

Answer 18

Monocytes and lymphocytes.

Question 19

What do platelets produce that assist the process of blood clotting?

Answer 19

Vasoconstrictor- thromboxane a2.

Constricts the areas, platelets block.

Question 20

What produces a blood group?

Answer 20

The protein (antigen) on the surface of red blood cells.

Question 21

If a blood group had an A antigen on the surface what antibodies would be in the blood?

Answer 21

Not A antibodies.

Question 22

What is unique about the blood type AB?

Answer 22

Has both A and B antigens on the surface.

Question 23

What is unique about blood type 0?

Answer 23

Has no antigens on he surface so can be given universally.

Question 24

What does the charge on a blood type indicate?

Answer 24

If the rhesus protein is present.

Question 25

What is haemolytic disease of the newborn?

Answer 25

If a mother is Rh negative and has a Rh positive baby the blood mixes during birth and Anti-Rh antibodies are formed.

This becomes an issue if the mother has a second child with the same father. Now that she has anti-Rh antibodies formed if the second child is Rh positive, the antibodies will attack the baby.

Question 26

What blood type is universally given in transfusion?

Answer 26

Group 0

Question 27

What blood type can receive any blood transfusion?

Answer 27

Group AB. No antibodies in their system.