Blood Flashcards
Name the 3 types of blood cells.
Erythrocytes (red BC)
Leukocytes (white BC)
thrombocytes (platelets)
List the plasma proteins (4)
Albumins: Maintains oncotic pressure.
Globulins: Transports molecules. Immune functions.
Fibrinogen: Blood clotting.
Regulatory proteins: Regulate enzymes and hormones.
What shape are red blood cells? What is the purpose of this shape.
Biconcave shape.
Increases the surface area for oxygen. Allows contraction and expansion of the cell so that it can get through small vessels.
What is the lifespan of a RBC?
120 days
What happens to damaged RBC?
Haemolysis occurs immediately the products are passed to macrophages to be broken down and are then peed out.
What is haem broken down into?
Biliverdin then bilirubin.
What is the name for RBC formation?
Erythropoiesis.
What hormone regulates erythropoiesis?
Erythropoietin.
Where is erythropoietin made?
The liver.
Where does erythropoiesis occur?
Red bone marrow in the skull cap, the hip, long bones and the sternum.
In mature RBC, what does folic acid and B12 assist the removal of?
The nucleus.
Explain the process of red blood cell production.
Decrease in RBC
Decrease in oxygen delivery
Decreased amount of oxygen reaching the kidney.
Causes erythropoietin to be released.
Hormone travels to red bone marrow.
Increased RBC production.
What enzyme allows CO2 to be carried on RBC?
Carbonic anhydrase.
Carbonic anhydrase is found in RBC, where else in the body is it found?
The parietal cells in the stomach.
What form of haemoglobin does a foetus have?
Hb-F
How many oxygen particles are in haemoglobin?
4
Name the granulocytes in white blood cells.
Neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil.
Name the granulocytes in white blood cells.
Monocytes and lymphocytes.
What do platelets produce that assist the process of blood clotting?
Vasoconstrictor- thromboxane a2.
Constricts the areas, platelets block.
What produces a blood group?
The protein (antigen) on the surface of red blood cells.
If a blood group had an A antigen on the surface what antibodies would be in the blood?
Not A antibodies.
What is unique about the blood type AB?
Has both A and B antigens on the surface.
What is unique about blood type 0?
Has no antigens on he surface so can be given universally.
What does the charge on a blood type indicate?
If the rhesus protein is present.
What is haemolytic disease of the newborn?
If a mother is Rh negative and has a Rh positive baby the blood mixes during birth and Anti-Rh antibodies are formed.
This becomes an issue if the mother has a second child with the same father. Now that she has anti-Rh antibodies formed if the second child is Rh positive, the antibodies will attack the baby.
What blood type is universally given in transfusion?
Group 0
What blood type can receive any blood transfusion?
Group AB. No antibodies in their system.
