PMHP Flashcards
List the factors that influence actions.
Capability: Confidence/Skill
Motivation: Beliefs/learned that the action is effective/ineffective.
Opportunity: Resources/social norm/culture/ability i.e. elderly.
In terms of parental responsibility; who automatically has responsibility?
Mothers and natural fathers they are married.
Natural fathers do not lose responsibility if they divorce.
In terms of parental responsibility; when do unmarried natural fathers have responsibility?
If their name is stated on the birth certificate.
In terms of parental responsibility; do adoptive parents have responsibility?
Yes, once the child is adopted the adoptive parents gain responsibility and the natural parents lose responsibility.
In terms of parental responsibility; can permanent foster parents gain responsibility?
Yes if the child is under 16 and they apply through the court.
In terms of (parental) responsibility; Can an individual look after the child on behalf of those who have the responsibility?
Yes if both verbal and written consent is given.
In terms of parental responsibility; do grandparents/step parents automatically have the right?
No, application must be processed through the court/adoption process.
In terms of professional ethics; What are the 4 pillars?
Justice: Fairness
Respect for autonomy: Respect the patients decision.
Beneficence: Patients bets interest.
Non-maleficence: Balance risk with benefit.
With regards to consent; when can treatment be carried out without it?
In emergency situations where the treatment is necessary in order to save a life/prevent deterioration of health.
Name the 3 aims of the GDC.
Maintain confidence in the profession.
Maintain professional standards.
Protect/promote/maintain heath and wellbeing of the public.
List the 9 GDC professional standards.
Patients interest first.
Communicate effectively.
Valid consent.
Maintain/protect patients information.
Clear and effective complaints procedure.
Work with colleagues in a way that favours the patients best interests.
Work within your professional knowledge.
Raise concerns if a patient is at risk.
Personal behaviour maintains confidence in you and your profession.
(Communication) Name the 6 key elements of communication.
Listening Understanding non-verbal cues Engaging people to talk. Encouraging questions. Feedback. Acknowledging feelings.
(Communication) What does empathy allow?
Patient to see that the dentist recognises their perspective
(Communication) Before treatment begins, what must be established if the patient becomes distressed?
A stop signal
(Communication) List the non-verbal cues. (6)
Eye contact Body posture Body orientation Interest Silence: No interruption. Body movement Distraction
(Communication) Where must the dentist sit in relation to the patient?
Face to face, on equal level.
(Communication) List the 3 distances between individuals.
Intimate: 0-0.5m
Personal: 0.5m-1.25m
Social: 1.25m-3.5m
(Communication) List the 4 types of questions.
Open: ‘How are you?’
Closed: Yes/no.
Focused: Guiding/explaining.
Leading:
(Communication) Describe the shape of consultation.
Beginning: Open questions. Encourage patient to talk.
Middle: Focussed questions. Explain treatment.
End: Closed. Summarise/clarify plans and outcome.
(Communication) Verbal communication usually has to be accompanied by what?
Written info.
(Communication) How should angry patient be dealt with?
Ensure exit is clear. Encourage them to sit. Do not interrut. Calm and slow tone. Acknowledge the anger. Maintain distance. Empathy Move patient to a quite room (ensure members of staff know where you are)
(Communication) How do you listen effectively?
No distraction.
Listen for feelings.
Recognise non-verbal cues.
No stereotyping.
(Communication) How do you listen reflectively?
Feeding back information given to you in your own words to the patient.
(Communication) What are the techniques to ensure the advice given is memorable?
Important info given at the start. Use simple/non-technical language. Repeat information. Stress the importance of key facts. Summarise at the end.
(Communication) What are mistakes made by the dentist the result in bad communication?
Not introducing themselves.
Not encouraging questions.
Not acknowledging feelings.
Not clarifying information or asking for extra info.
(Managing Treatment) What is the ASA classification?
Categorises the patients risks when receiving treatment.
(Managing Treatment) As soon as your patient walks though the door what should you be observing? (Nemonic)
ABCD through the door.
A: Activity/general look.
B: Breathing (hunch/assistance)
C: Colour: Blue/yellow. Finger nails/eyes.
D: Disability (Not mobile/Wheelchair)
(Managing Treatment) What is an issue with obese patients?
Will they fit on the chair.
(Managing Treatment) Describe the process.
History Examination Provisional diagnosis Special investigation Definitive diagnosis Treatment plan Recall
(Medical History) Describe what details should be taken in a full medical history.
Presenting complaint: History of complaint: How long etc. Past medical history: Drug history and allergies: Past dental history: Social history;
(Medical History) How should you note the presenting complaint?
In patients own words.
(Medical History)For the drug/allergy history what should be noted?
List of the drugs used.
and the oral side effects of those drugs.
Over the counter medication and herbal medication.
The patient allergies and what happens when they have an allergic reaction.
(Medical History) What should you do if you’re not familiar with the drugs?
Use the BNF book.
British National Formulary
(Medical History) When is a full medical history carried out?
New patients.
Hasn’t been to the practice in over a year.
Hasn’t had a FMH taken in over 2 years.
If the last FMH is inadequate.
(Medical History) Why is a short medical history taken?
If there is already a FMH in the patients notes
To update drug notes.
(Medical History) Name the points in a systematic enquiry. (9)
Cardiovascular Dermalogical Endocrine GI Genito-urinary Psychological Haematological Respiratory Neurological
(Oral hygiene)In terms of prevention; Name the 3 groups oral instruction can be given to.
Instruction given to:
Individual/the family.
Small groups: Nurseries, schools.
Population: Public health.
(Oral hygiene) What preventative measures are given in standard prevention for low caries risk?
Advice given once a year.
Brush thoroughly.
Demonstrating in practice.
(Oral hygiene) How many ppm of fluoride is in the toothpaste give to low risk patients?
1000-1500ppm.
(Oral hygiene) How do we risk asses patients?
Previous disease themselves. Sibling has previous disease. Dietary habits. Social history. Use of fluoride. Medical history.
(Oral hygiene) What preventative measures are given in an individual with a high caries risk?
Advice given at every recall.
Higher ppm of fluoride.
