The Sick Term Baby Flashcards
When is the neonatal period?
from the birth to the first 28 days of life
What appearance would give an apgar score of 0?
blue or pale
What appearance would give an apgar of 1?
blue in extremities/pink body
What appearance would give an apgar of 2?
no cyanosis
What pulse rate would give an apgar of 0?
absent pulse
What pulse would give an apgar of 1?
<100
What pulse would give an apgar score of 2?
> 100
What grimace/refelx irritability would give apgar of 0?
no response
What grimace would give apgar of 1?
grimace/feeble cry when stimulated
What grimace would give an apgar of 2?
cry of pull away when stimulated
What tone would give an apgar of 0?
no tone
What tone would give an apgar of 1?
some flexion
What tone would give an apgar of 2?
flexed arms and legs that resist extension
What respiration would give a score of 0?
absent
What respiration would give an apgar score of 1?
weak, irregular, gasping
What respiration would give an apgar of 2?
strong cry
What are the common general causes of a sick term baby?
pregnnacy/birth related; metabolic; congential anomalies; infection
Which sex is more likley to get UTIs in the neonatal period?
males
What are the common bacteria that cause problems in neonates?
group B strep; e.coli; listeria monocytogenes; staph. aureus; staph. epi
What happens in the hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy?
multi-organ damage due to tissue hypoxia
What are the causes of hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy?
failure of gas exchange across the placenta; interruption of umbilical blood flow; inadequate maternal placental perfusion; compromised fetus; feailure of cardiorespiratory adaptation at birth
Which babies is transient tachypnoea of hte newborn most common in?
those delivered by elective C/S
Why are babies delivered by C/S more at risk of TTN?
have not had time to prepare; hormones during labour have not reduced lung fluid production
What are the causes of hydrops foetalis?
rhesus disease; chromosomal
What is seen on CXR with transient tachpnoea of the newborn?
hazy lungs; fluid in the horizontal fissure- can be difficult to tell from NRDS
What is seen with tetralogy of fallot?
ventricular septal defect; pulmonary stenosis; right ventricular hypertrophy and overriding aorta
What happens in TAPVD?
total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage- pulmonary veins do not drain into the left atrium but into veins that drain back into the rigt atrium
What is erythema toxicum?
common benign transient lesion found 1-3 days usually after birth; moves to different sites in hours
What are the antenatal risk factors for hypoglycaemia?
maternal DM; maternal obesity; largeo r rapid infusions of glucose immediately after delivery; maternal beta-adrenergic agonist/antagonist
What are hte neonatal risk factors for metabolic disease?
IUGR; LGA; preterm; ill infant; iatrgogenic; polycythaemia; hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy; hypothermia; rhesus disease
