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Reproduction > Care of the Newborn Term Infant > Flashcards

Care of the Newborn Term Infant Flashcards

1
Q

What is a normal birth weight?

A

2.5-4kg

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2
Q

What does the apgar score measure?

A

HR; RR; responsiveness; tone; colour

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3
Q

What is a normal apgar score?

A

> =8

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4
Q

What is important immediately after birth for the establishment of breastfeeding?

A

skin-to-skin contact

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5
Q

What is haemorrhagic disease of the newborn?

A

tendency to bleed esp. in CNS and GI due to vit K deficiency

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6
Q

How is haemorrhagic disease of the newborn prevented?

A

all newborns are offered an IM vitamin K injection after birth

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7
Q

What is the difference between IM and oral vit K?

A

oral is not as effective esp. if baby is breast fed

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8
Q

How many wet nappies should a baby with adequate intake have per day?

A

4-6

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9
Q

Why should babies at risk for breastfeeding jaundice be fed more frequently?

A

dehydration is less likely and excretion of bilirubin is more rapid due to increased stooling

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10
Q

What screeening tests are carried out at birth?

A

neonatal exam; universal hearing screening; hip screening; CF: haemoglobinopathies; thyroid function; metabolic disease

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11
Q

What is the most common acquired GI emergency in newborns?

A

necrotising enterocolitis

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12
Q

What is seen on xray with necrotising enterocolitis?

A

dilated bowel loops; pneumatosis intestinalis; portal venous gas and feww intraperitoneal air

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13
Q

Who gets necrotising enterocolitis?

A

preterm infants

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14
Q

What causes necrotising entercolotiis?

A

immature and fragile bowel

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15
Q

What is looked for on head part of hte neonatal exam?

A

OFC; overlapping sutures; fontanelles; ventouse/forceps marks; moulding; cephalhaematoma; caput sucedaneum

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16
Q

What is cephalhaematoma?

A

sub-aponeurotic discrete swelling that cdoesn’t cross suture lines but can lead to extensive bleeding; anaemia and other problems

17
Q

What should be looked for in the eyes in a neonatal exam?

A

size; red reflex; conjunctival haemorrhage; squints; iris abnormality

18
Q

What would an absent red reflex in neonatal exam suggest?

A

congenital cataracts

19
Q

What should be looked at in neonatal exam of ears?

A

position; EAM; tags/pits; folding

20
Q

What can ear tags be associated with?

A

renal abnormalities

21
Q

What should be looked for in the mouth of the neonatal exam?

A

shape; philtrum; tongue tie; palate; neonatal teeth; epsteins pearls; sucking/rooting reflex

22
Q

What could a very smooth philtrum indicate in a newborn?

A

fetal alcohol syndrome

23
Q

Why do neonatal teeth tend to be removed?

A

cause problems with breastfeeding and aspiration risk

24
Q

What are Epstein’s pearls?

A

cysts found in the gums or roof of a neonates mouth

25
Q

What is looked for in the face of a neonate?

A

facial palsy; dysmorphism

26
Q

Why do infants grunt when in respiratory distress?

A

expiring thorugh closed/partially closed vocal cords to elevate pulmonary pressure and increase lung volume

27
Q

How long are neonates obligate nasal breathers?

A

thrid to sixth week of life

28
Q

What are signs of respiratory distress in the newborn?

A

nasal flaring; grunting; tachypnoea; in-drawing;

29
Q

What is examined during hte CVS part of the neonatal exam?

A

colour/sats; pulses-femoral; apex; thrills/heaves; HS

30
Q

What is looked for in the abdo part of the neonatal exam?

A

moves with respiration; distension; hernia; bile-stained vomiting; passage of meconium; anus

31
Q

What is looked for the in GU part of hte neonatal exam?

A

normal passage of urine; genitalia; undescended tests; hypospadius

32
Q

What is examined during the MSK part of the neonatal exam?

A

movemetn and posture; limbs and digits; spine; hip exam

33
Q

What is looked for in the neuro part of hte neonatal exam?

A

alert, responsive?; cry; tone; posture; movement; primitive reflexes

34
Q

What is ATNR?

A

asymmetric tonic neck reflex- activated by turning head, ipsilaterally limbs extend whilst contralterally will bend

35
Q

Waht is the first reflex to develop in utero and to be integrated?

A

moro reflex

36
Q

What is the function of the Moro reflex?

A

fight or flight response

37
Q

What happens when the moro reflex is activated?

A

extension and abduction of the arms; and open hands; abduct legs and sharp inspiration then limbs are drawn back into the body

Reproduction (52 decks)

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