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Reproduction > Histology of the Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Histology of the Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the ovaries?

A

produces gametes; produce steroids

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2
Q

What is found within the medulla of the ovaries?

A

loose connective tissue; contorted arteries, veins and lympathatics

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3
Q

What is the medulla of the ovaries continuous with?

A

hilum of the organ

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4
Q

What is found in the cortex of the ovaries?

A

scattered ovarian follicles in a highly cellular connective tissue stroma

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5
Q

What is the outer shell of the ovarian cortex?

A

dense connective tissue layer called the tunica albuginea

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6
Q

What is the germinal epithelium of the ovary?

A

single layer of cuboidal cells covering the cortex

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7
Q

What other name is the germinal epithelium of the ovary called?

A

ovarian surface epithelium

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8
Q

What are oogonia?

A

germ cells from the yolk sac that have invaded the ovaries and proliferated by mitosis

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9
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

development of oocytes from oogonia (by meiosis)

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10
Q

What is folliculogenesis?

A

growth of the folicle- oocyte and supporting cells

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11
Q

What is loss of oogonia and oocytes called?

A

atresia

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12
Q

What stage of meiosis occurs in the oocytes before birth?

A

prophase I

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13
Q

What significant event occurs at prophase I?

A

crossing over

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14
Q

What cells are associated with primary oocytes?

A

pregranulosa cells

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15
Q

What is the difference between the pregranulosa cells (follicle cells) associated with primordial follicles and when follicle enters growth phase?

A

change from squamous to cuboidal

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16
Q

What defines primary follicles?

A

cuboidal granulosa cells

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17
Q

What is the name for the layer of cuboidal granulosa cells in primary follicles?

A

zona granulosa

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18
Q

What begins to form between the oocyte and granulosa cells in primary follicles?

A

zona pellucida

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19
Q

What is the zona pellucida?

A

layer of special extraceullar matrix

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20
Q

What happens with the stromal cells in the primary follicles?

A

stromal cells are asosicating with the outside of the follicle

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21
Q

What happens to the granulosa cells layer in the late primary follicle?

A

proliferates

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22
Q

What do the stromal cells around the follicle form in the late primary follicle?

A

theca folliculi

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23
Q

What happens to the inner layer of the theca folliculi?

A

transform to form the theca interna

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24
Q

What is the function of the theca interna?

A

secrete oestrogen precursors

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25
Q

What layer of cells in follicle converts oestrogen precursors to oestrogen?

A

granulosa cells

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26
Q

What happens to the outer layers of the theca folliculi?

A

remain fibroblast-like and form theca-externa

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27
Q

What defines the secondary follicle?

A

antrum develops in the granulosa cell

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28
Q

What fills the antrum?

A

follicular fluid

29
Q

What are the very largest antral follicles called?

A

Graafian follicles

30
Q

What is cumulus oophorus?

A

cloud of granulosa cells which surround cells

31
Q

What is the name for the granulosa cells that are released with the oocyte?

A

coronoa radiata

32
Q

What happens to teh oocyte in the largest Graafian follicle one day before ovulation?

A

completes meiosis I

33
Q

What is different about the completion of meiosis I in oocytes?

A

doesnt produce 2 cells, but 1 cell-secondary oocyte and one tiny polar body

34
Q

What phase of meiosis does the secondary oocyte stop at?

A

metaphase II

35
Q

What happens to the follicle after ovulation?

A

transforms into the corpus luteum

36
Q

What is the function of hte corpus luteum?

A

theca and granulosa cells secrete oestrogens and progesterone preparing the uterus for implantation

37
Q

If no implantation occurs, what does the corpus luteum become?

A

corpus albicans

38
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if implantation occurs?

A

placental hCG prevents degeneration to maintain progesterone levels

39
Q

How does the ovum move down the uterine tubes?

A

propelled by gentle peristlasis and currents created by the ciliated epithelium

40
Q

Where does fertilisation usually occur?

A

in the ampulla

41
Q

Describe the ampulla of the uterine tube?

A

mucosa is folded and lined with simple columnar ciliated epithleium and secretory cells, surrounded by SM

42
Q

What is the epithelium of the isthmus of the uterine tube like?

A

mostly secretory with few ciliated cells

43
Q

What is the difference between muscle in the ampulla and isthmus?

A

2 layers in ampulla and 3 in isthmus

44
Q

What is the endometrium composed of?

A

tubular secretory glands embedded in a connective tissue stroma

45
Q

What is the myometrium composed of?

A

3 layers of SM with collagen and elastic tissue

46
Q

What is the perimetrium composed of?

A

loose connective tissue covered by mesothelium

47
Q

What are the 2 layers of hte endometrium?

A

stratum functionalis and stratum basalis

48
Q

What is the difference between the stratum functionalis and stratum basalis?

A

functionalis undergoes monthly loss whereas basalis is a reserve tissue that regereates the functionalis

49
Q

What causes the stroma of the uterus to proliferate?

A

oestrogen

50
Q

What causes the stratum functionalis to degenerate?

A

deprived of nutrients by spasm of spiral artery before mentruation

51
Q

When does the proliferative phase of the uterus end in the menstrual cycle?

A

1 day after ovulation

52
Q

What happens to the glands of the uterus during the secretory phase?

A

glands become coiled with a corkscrew appearance and secrete glycogen

53
Q

What is the difference bewteen the epithelium on the vaginal surface of the cervix and further in?

A

stratified squamous epithelium on vaginal surface to mucous secreting simple columnar epithlium

54
Q

What is significant about the transition between squamous and oclumnar epithlium?

A

transition zone is a common site of syplasia with common beginning of cervical cancer

55
Q

What is the name for the glands of the cervix?

A

endocervical glands

56
Q

What is the secretion of the endocervical glands in the proliferative phase?

A

thin and watery

57
Q

What is the secretion of the endocervical glands following ovulation?

A

thick and viscous

58
Q

What is a nabothian cyst?

A

when outlets of endocervical glands become blocked and expand

59
Q

What are the 4 layers of hte vagina?

A

non-keratinised squamous epithlium; lamina propria; fibromuscular; adventita

60
Q

What happens to the non-keratinized stratified squamous epithium during reproductive years?

A

layer is thicker and cells are enlarged due to glycogen acucumulation

61
Q

What are the layers of muscles in the fibromusclar layer?

A

inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle

62
Q

What lubricates the vagina?

A

mucous from the endocervical glands and fluid from the thin walled blood vessels of the lamina propria

63
Q

What is the function of glycogen in the vagina?

A

commensal metabolise the glycogen to form lactic acid

64
Q

Where does the mons pubis lie?

A

over the subcut fat pad over the pubic sympysis

65
Q

What does the skin of the mons pubis contain?

A

highly oblique hair follicle

66
Q

What types of glands are found in the labia majora?

A

apocrine and sebaceous glands

67
Q

What is the labia minora?

A

thin skin folds that lack subcut fat and hair follicles but los of vasculature and sebaceous glands

68
Q

How far does keratinized epithelium extend into the vagina?

A

to the level of the hymen

69
Q

What is the clitoris formed of?

A

2 tubes of erectile vascular tissue (corpora cavernosa) covered by a fibrocollagenous sheath

Reproduction (52 decks)

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