Ovarian Cancer Flashcards
When do follicular cysts form?
when ovulation doesn’t occur- doesn’t rupture but grows until becomes a cyst
What cells line follicular cysts?
granulosa cells
What is the prognosis of follicular cysts?
resolve over a few months
What is endometriosis?
endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine body
What is the name for endometriosis cysts on the ovary?
chocolate cyst
What is the pathogenesis of ovarian endometriosis?
regurgitation; metaplasia; vascualr/lymphatic dissemination
What is seen macroscopically with ovarian endometriosis?
peritoneal spots or nodules; fibrous adhesions; chocolate cysts
What are the complications of endometriosis?
pain; cyst formation; adhesions; infertility; ectopic pregnnayc; malignancy
What malignancy is associated with endometriosis?
endometrioid carcinoma
How are epithelial ovarian tumours categorised?
benign; borderline or malignant
what is seen with benign epithelial ovarian tumours?
no cytological abnormalities; prolifertive activity or stromal invasion
What is seen with borderline epithelial ovarian tumours?
cytological abnormalities, proliferative; no stromal invasion
What classifies an epithelial ovarian tumour as malignant?
stromal invasion
How is serous carcinoma classified ?
high grade or low grade
What is origin of high grade serous carcinoma?
tubal
What is high grade serous carcinoam known as?
serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma
What else is a low grade serous carcinoma known as?
serous borderline tumour
What are endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas associated with?
endometriosis of the ovary and lynch syndrome
What is the normal stage of presentation with endometrioid carcinomas?
low grade and early stage
What other name is lynch syndrome known as?
HNPCC
What is a Brenner tumour?
tumour of transitional type epithelium, usually benign
What is hte most common type of germ cell tumour?
dermoid cyst
What is the prognosis with dermoid cysts?
rarely become malignant
What is the most common malignant primitive germ cell tumour?
dysgerminoma
Who gets dysgerminomas?
children and young women, average 22
What may happen with fibromas/thecomas?
produce oestrogen causing uterine bleeding
What is the grade of granulosa cell tumours?
all potentiall malignant
What are the commonest mets to the ovary?
stomach, colon; breast; pancreas
Waht is the name for a metastatic tumour to the ovary from the GI tract?
krukenberg tumour
What is stage 1a ovarian cancer?
limited to one ovary
What is Meigs syndrome most commonly caused by?
fibromas
What is stage 1b ovarian cancer?
limited to both ovaries
What is stage 1c ovarian cancer?
invovling ovarian surface/ rupture/surgical spill/tumour in washing
What is stage 2a ovarian cancer?
extension of implants on uterus/fallopian tube
what is stage 2b ovarian cancer?
extension to otehr pelvic intraperitoneal
Waht is stage 3a ovarian cancer?
retroperitoneal lymph node mets or microscopic extrapelvic peritoneal involvement
What is stage 3b ovarian cancer?
macroscopic peritoneal mets beyond pelvic upto 2cm
What is stage 3c ovarian cancer?
macroscopic peritoneal mets >2cm
Waht is stage 4 ovarian cancer?
distant mets
What is the cell of origin for serous cacners?
fallopian tube
What is the cell of origin for mucinous cancers?
cervix
what is the cell of origin for clear cell cancers?
mesonephros
