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Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

How long can sperm live in the female genital tract?

A

5 days

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2
Q

How long do ovum survive in the female genital tract?

A

24 hours

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3
Q

What frequency of sexual intercouse would mean that sperm are in the female genital tract all the time?

A

every 3 days

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4
Q

What is the pearl index?

A

no. of contraceptive failures per 100 women users/years

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5
Q

What is the equation for pearl index?

A

no. of accidental pregnancies x 1200/ total months of exposure

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6
Q

What is the most commonly used contrception worldwide?

A

withdrawal

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7
Q

What are the 5 aspects of natural family planning?

A

basal body temperature; cervical mucous; cervical position; standard days; lactational amenorrhea

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8
Q

When should basal body temperature be taken?

A

before rising in the morning

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9
Q

Waht is the increase in body temperature during ovulation?

A

> 0.2 degrees sustained for 3 days after at least 6 days of lower temp

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of cervical mucous at ovulation?

A

thick and sticky post ovulation for at least 3 days after thinner watery, stretchy muscous

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11
Q

What is the position of the cervix when fertile?

A

high in vagina; soft and open

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12
Q

What is the position of the cervix when less fertile?

A

low in vagina firm and closed

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13
Q

What are the most fertile days in a 28 day cycle?

A

days 8-18

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14
Q

What are the criteria for lactational amenorrhea?

A

exclusively breast feeding; less than 6/12 post natal; amenorrhoeic

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15
Q

How effective is lactational amenorrhea?

A

98%

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16
Q

What are the types of combined hormonal contrception?

A

pills; patches and vaginal ring

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17
Q

What are the types of progestogen only contraception?

A

pill; implant; depo injection

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18
Q

What is the mode of action of combined hormonal contraception?

A

primarily inhibits ovulation; effect on cervical mucus; effect on endometrium

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19
Q

What is the pearl index for combined hormonal contraception?

A

0.3%

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20
Q

Give an example of newer POP?

A

desogestel

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21
Q

What is the MOA of newer POP?

A

inhibit ovulation; effects on cervical mucus; fallopian tube transport and endometrium

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22
Q

What is the MOA of older POPs?

A

effects on cervical mucus; fallopian tube transport and endometrium

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23
Q

What is the pearl index for POPs?

A

0.3%

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24
Q

What are the pros of the implant?

A

reliable, not user dependent, lasts for 3 years

25
Q

What is the mode of action of implant?

A

inhibition of ovulation; effects on endometrium and cervical mucus

26
Q

What is the pearl index of the implant?

27
Q

How often is the depo injection given?

A

every 13 weeks, lasts 14 weeks

28
Q

What is the MOA of the depo injection?

A

inhibitis ovulation; effects on cervical mucus and endometrium

29
Q

What is the pearl index of the depot injection?

30
Q

What is the mode of action of the IUS?

A

effect on implantation; endometrium rendered unfavourable for implantation; effects cervical mucous and pre-fertilisation effects

31
Q

What is the pearl index of the IUS?

A

0.2% (1 in 500)

32
Q

What is the mode of action of IUD?

A

prevention of fertilisation; inflammatory response in endometrium

33
Q

How long does the IUD last for ?

A

5/10 years

34
Q

What is the pearl index of the IUD?

A

0.6-0.8% (1 in 200)

35
Q

What other name is the IUS known as?

36
Q

What is the MOA of female sterilisation?

A

blocks the fallopian tubes with filshie clips

37
Q

What is important about performing female sterilisation?

A

must not be at risk of pregnancy

38
Q

What is the % of women experiencing pregnancy in first year use with condoms and perfect use?

39
Q

What is the % of women experiencing pregnancy in first year use with condoms and typical use?

40
Q

What is the % of women experiencing pregnancy in first year use with CHC and typical use?

41
Q

What is the % of women experiencing pregnancy in first year use with the POP and typical use?

42
Q

What are the features of LARCs?

A

typical use is the same as perfect use

43
Q

What is UKMEC category 1?

A

no restriction for use of method

44
Q

What is UKMEC category 2?

A

advantages of method generally outweigh risks

45
Q

What is UKMEC category 3?

A

risks generally outweigh the advantages

46
Q

What is UKMEC category 4?

A

condition which represents unacceptable risk with contraceptive method

47
Q

What contraceptive methods require recording of BP and BMI before first prescription?

A

depo; CHC; prog only methods

48
Q

How can you be reasonably certain that a patient isn;t pregnant?

A

no sex since last period; consistently using reliable contraception; <7 days since last normal period; <4 week post partum(not breastfeeding); lactational amenorrhea; neg pregnancy test and >3 weeks since UPSI

49
Q

What is UPSI?

A

unprotected sexual intercourse

50
Q

What is LARC?

A

long-acting reversible contraceptives

51
Q

What is quick starting contraception?

A

starting contraception when patient presents ie not waiting until next period

52
Q

What methods are not suitable for quick-starting?

A

IUD; pills containing cyproterone acetate

53
Q

What happens if female sterilisation is done when patient is pregnant?

A

risk of ectopic pregnancy

54
Q

What is the problem with reversing a vasectomy?

A

sperm antibodies are produced

55
Q

What is the failure rate of female sterilisation compared to the coil?

A

female sterilisation has higher rate of failure than coil

56
Q

What should be done with quick starting CHC?

A

pregnancy test 3/4 weeks later- and stop if pregnanct, low chance of teratogenicity

57
Q

What is cyproterone acetate used for?

58
Q

What is the problem with cyproterone acetate in pregnacy?

A

teratogenic, cause ferminisation of male fetus

59
Q

What is the effect on premenstrual symptoms with progestegens?

A

worsen them

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