the paw

Question 1

digitigrade

Answer 1

Only distal end of metacarpals/ metatarsals and digits in contact with ground

Question 2

3 pads

Answer 2

digital
metacarpsal/ metatarsal
carpal (no tarsal pad)

Question 3

Digital pads

Answer 3

• Digit 1 not in contact with ground
• Digit 2-5 touch ground
• Pad is under distal interphalangeal joint

Question 4

metacarpal/ metatarsal pad

Answer 4

• Large
• Under MC/ MT - phalangeal joints
• Main weight bearing pad

Question 5

Carpal pad

Answer 5

• Forelimb only
• Under carpo-metacarpal joint
• May contact ground while sprinting
• Subcutaneous fibro-elastic tissue
• Fat pad
• Sweat glands (dogs don’t have sweat gland over body but do on pads)
• See homologies between pads of different animals

Question 6

pads are

Answer 6

thick, tough, densely cornfield skin

Question 7

Carpal pad function

Answer 7

Absorb shock

Question 8

Axis runs between

Answer 8

digits 3 and 4

Question 9

Axial

Answer 9

Axial; near to axis

Question 10

Abaxial;

Answer 10

Abaxial; away from axis

Question 11

On palmar side of forepaw we have which artery

Answer 11

median

Question 12

median artery in paw goes through _______ and breaks into multiple arteries:

Answer 12

carpal canal
common digital arteries (there are palmar and dorsal common digital arteries)

Question 13

_______ are deep to the common digital arteries

Answer 13

Metacarpal arteries (also have dorsal and palmar pairs)

Question 14

the common digital arteries Divide at start

Answer 14

of digits and become proper digital arteries and go down axial and abaxial side of each digit

Question 15

how to name arteries at the MC/ MT level

Answer 15

it goes from top to bottom:
dorsal common digital arteries
dorsal metacarpal arteries
palmar metacarpal arteries
palmar common digital arteries

groups of 4 inbetween each of the digits

Question 16

how to name the arteries when they are in the digits

Answer 16

from top to bottom:
each digit has a axial/ abaxial DORSAL proper digital artery

and a axial/ abaxial PALMAR/PLANTAR proper digital arteries

Question 17

nerves are named

Answer 17

same ways as arteries

Question 18

nerves on palmar side of paw are almost all derived from

Answer 18

median and ulnar nerves

Question 19

nerves on dorsal side of paw are almost all derived from

Answer 19

radial nerve (except abaxial 5th digit)

Question 20

nerves on palmar side of paw ON HIND LIMB are almost all derived from

Answer 20

tibial nerve

Question 21

nerves on dorsal side of paw ON HIND LIMB are almost all derived from

Answer 21

peroneal

Question 22

Common digital extensor goes all way down to

Answer 22

distal phalanges 2-5

Question 23

Lateral digit extensor goes all way down

Answer 23

on to the tendons common digital extensor 3-5 at level proximal phalanx

Question 24

Superficial digital flexor to

Answer 24

middle phalanx 2-5

Question 25

Deep digital flexor to

Answer 25

distal phalanx 2-5 passing through manica flexoria of superficial digital flexor

Question 26

Flexor tendons run over the

Answer 26

palmar sesamoids

Question 27

Interosseus muscle masses

Answer 27

- Between MCs and DDF - Origin is proximal MCs - Insertion is proximal phalanx via palmar sesamoids - Also tendon to CDE

Question 28

Interosseus muscle masses action

Answer 28

action; flexor of MC-phalangeal joints and retraction of claw

Question 29

Main difference Hind paw dorsal muscles and tendons

Answer 29

- Main difference is instead of common digital extensor is called long digital extensor - Long digital extensor goes down to distal phalanx 2-5 - Dorsal sesamoids same as forepaw - Lateral digital extensor goes down to tendon of long digital extensor at level of middle phalanx

Question 30

claws of dogs Distal phalanx surrounded by

Answer 30

laminar dermis Sensitive, bleeds

Question 31

Sole

Answer 31

ventral part of claw; Crumbly and white

Question 32

claw of cat

Answer 32

- Long and short elastic ligaments - Extended using digital muscle mass

Question 33

claws of dogs extended by action of

Answer 33

DDF