the paw Flashcards
digitigrade
Only distal end of metacarpals/ metatarsals and digits in contact with ground
3 pads
digital
metacarpsal/ metatarsal
carpal (no tarsal pad)
Digital pads
- Digit 1 not in contact with ground
- Digit 2-5 touch ground
- Pad is under distal interphalangeal joint
metacarpal/ metatarsal pad
- Large
- Under MC/ MT - phalangeal joints
- Main weight bearing pad
Carpal pad
- Forelimb only
- Under carpo-metacarpal joint
- May contact ground while sprinting
- Subcutaneous fibro-elastic tissue
- Fat pad
- Sweat glands (dogs don’t have sweat gland over body but do on pads)
- See homologies between pads of different animals
pads are
thick, tough, densely cornfield skin
Carpal pad function
Absorb shock
Axis runs between
digits 3 and 4
Axial
Axial; near to axis
Abaxial;
Abaxial; away from axis
On palmar side of forepaw we have which artery
median
median artery in paw goes through _______ and breaks into multiple arteries:
carpal canal
common digital arteries (there are palmar and dorsal common digital arteries)
_______ are deep to the common digital arteries
Metacarpal arteries (also have dorsal and palmar pairs)
the common digital arteries Divide at start
of digits and become proper digital arteries and go down axial and abaxial side of each digit
how to name arteries at the MC/ MT level
it goes from top to bottom:
dorsal common digital arteries
dorsal metacarpal arteries
palmar metacarpal arteries
palmar common digital arteries
groups of 4 inbetween each of the digits
how to name the arteries when they are in the digits
from top to bottom:
each digit has a axial/ abaxial DORSAL proper digital artery
and a axial/ abaxial PALMAR/PLANTAR proper digital arteries
nerves are named
same ways as arteries
nerves on palmar side of paw are almost all derived from
median and ulnar nerves
nerves on dorsal side of paw are almost all derived from
radial nerve (except abaxial 5th digit)
nerves on palmar side of paw ON HIND LIMB are almost all derived from
tibial nerve
nerves on dorsal side of paw ON HIND LIMB are almost all derived from
peroneal
Common digital extensor goes all way down to
distal phalanges 2-5
Lateral digit extensor goes all way down
on to the tendons common digital extensor 3-5 at level proximal phalanx
Superficial digital flexor to
middle phalanx 2-5
Deep digital flexor to
distal phalanx 2-5 passing through manica flexoria of superficial digital flexor
Flexor tendons run over the
palmar sesamoids
Interosseus muscle masses
- Between MCs and DDF
- Origin is proximal MCs
- Insertion is proximal phalanx via palmar sesamoids
- Also tendon to CDE
Interosseus muscle masses action
action; flexor of MC-phalangeal joints and retraction of claw
Main difference Hind paw dorsal muscles and tendons
- Main difference is instead of common digital extensor is called long digital extensor
- Long digital extensor goes down to distal phalanx 2-5
- Dorsal sesamoids same as forepaw
- Lateral digital extensor goes down to tendon of long digital extensor at level of middle phalanx
claws of dogs Distal phalanx surrounded by
laminar dermis
Sensitive, bleeds
Sole
ventral part of claw; Crumbly and white
claw of cat
- Long and short elastic ligaments
- Extended using digital muscle mass
claws of dogs extended by action of
DDF
