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Vets1021: loco > dog muscles of back, neck and abdomen > Flashcards

dog muscles of back, neck and abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

epaxial vs hypaxial muscles

A

epaxial; above transverse processes

hypaxial; below transverse processes

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2
Q

3 groups of expaxial muscles

A

most dorsal to most ventral: transversospinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis

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3
Q

contract expaxials

A

extension of back

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4
Q

contract hypaxials

A

flexion of back

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5
Q

contract ipsilateral epaxials and hypaxials

A

lateral bending of back

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6
Q

contract lumbar epaxials and contralateral thoracic hypaxials and rotators

A

rotation of back

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7
Q

for hypaxial muscles, which region is most important and why

A

Lumbar ones most important (not really needed in thoracic area because there is ribs and a sternum)

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8
Q

what 2 muscles make the iliopsoas muscle

A

psoas major and iliacus

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9
Q

psoas major

A
  • origin ventral surface L3/4-6
  • joins iliacus
  • inserts on lesser trochanter of femur
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10
Q

psoas minor

A
  • origin T10/11-L3/4
  • inserts ileopectinal line (pelvis)
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11
Q

quadratus lumborum

A
  • origin T11/12-13 and transverse processes of L vert
  • inserts on ilium
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12
Q

quadratus lumborum is much ____ in horse

A

smaller

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13
Q

abdominal mm assist the true

A

hypaxial mm

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14
Q

4 main abdominal muscles

A
  • external abdominal oblique
  • internal abdominal oblique
  • transversus abdominus
  • rectus abdominus
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15
Q

external abdominal oblique

fiber direction

A
  • origin; ribs and lumbosacral fascia
  • insertion; linea alba and prepubic tendon (via large aponeurosis)
  • fibers run caudo-ventrally
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16
Q

internal abdominal oblique

fiber direction

A
  • origin; tuber coxae, lumbo-sacral fascia and inguinal lig
  • insertion; linea alba and last 4-5 ribs
  • fibers run cranio-ventrally
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17
Q

transversus abdominus

fiber direction

A
  • origin; transverse processes L vertebra and asternal ribs
  • insertion; linea alba and xiphoid cartilage
  • fibers run dorso-ventrally
18
Q

rectus abdominus

fiber direction

A
  • origin prepubic tendon
  • inserts on sternum
  • distinct transverso tendinous intersections (tendinous inscriptions)
  • fibers run cranio-caudally
19
Q

3 main longitudinal columns of epaxial muscles

A

iliocostalis
longissimus
transversospinalis group

20
Q

iliocostalis mm

A
  • thoracic and lumbar parts
  • most lateral
  • origin wing of ilium
    -inserts on transverse processes of L vert and last few ribs
  • fused with longissimus lumborum
21
Q

iliocostalis fuses with what muscle in lumbar region

A

longussimus lumborum

22
Q

iliocostalis thoracis found on ____

fascicles run in what direction

A
  • dorsal ribs
  • cranio-ventrally including to transverse process last C vert
23
Q

longissimus mm

A
  • middle group
  • capitis part, cervicis part, lumbar and thoracic part fused (longissimus dorsi)
24
Q

longissimus dorsi (thoracis and lumborum parts)

A
  • originates from wing of ilium
  • inserts on various processes of L and T vertebra and last few ribs
25
Q

longissimus cervicis
how many fascicles

A

4 fascicles from canial T vert to caudal C vert

26
Q

longissimus capitis

A

from cranial T vert to mastoid process of temporal bone

27
Q

transversospinalis system

A
  • most dorsal and medial
  • several diff muscles including
  • multifidus
  • spinalis
  • semispinalis
  • rotatores; long and short
  • interspinales
  • intertransversarii
28
Q

multifidus

A
  • 3 parts; lumbar, thoracic and cervical
  • consists of little bundles of muscle
29
Q

extrinsic neck muscles all run from

A

body to skull so move head and neck relative to body

30
Q

extrinsic neck muscles are mainly ____ to cervical vertebra

A

dorsal

31
Q

extrinsic neck muscles include

A
  • splenius
  • semispinalus capitis (biventer and compelxus)
  • spinalis et semispinalis dorsi et cervicis
32
Q

splenius

A
  • origin lumbodorsal fascia
  • inserts of nuchal crest and mastoid process (in conjunction w longissimus capitus)
33
Q

splenius is deep to what 2 muscles

A

rhomboideus and cleidocervicalis

33
Q

semispinalis capitis 2 parts

A

2 parts; biventer (dorsal) and complexus (ventral)

34
Q

semispinalis capitis is deep to

A

splenius

35
Q

biventer

A
  • dorsal part of semispinalis capitis
  • origin T2-4
  • insert occipital bone
  • sits slightly below splenius
36
Q

complexus

A
  • ventral part of semispinalis capitis
  • origin from C4-T1
  • inserts on nuchal crest of occipital bone
  • really intrinsic (run from neck to head while extrinsic means run from body to head)
37
Q

intrinsic neck muscles

A

run from neck to head (or other part of neck) and move head relative to neck

while extrinsic means run from body to head

38
Q

lateral neck mm are muscles that pull head and or neck to

A

side

39
Q

lateral neck muscles include

A
  • brachiocephalic
  • serratus ventralis
  • sternocephalicus
  • scalenus
40
Q

sternocephalicus

A
  • origin from sternum
  • insert on ramus of mandible
41
Q

scalenus

A
  • origin from last few C vert
  • insert on first 7 or 8 ribs
  • flex neck laterally, flexes back
  • also assists in respiration

Vets1021: loco (25 decks)

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