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Vets1021: loco > joints of the front limb > Flashcards

joints of the front limb Flashcards

1
Q

shoulder joint movement

A
  • flexion/extension
  • some rotation
  • abduction and adduction
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2
Q

what kind of joint is the shoulder joint

A

enarthrosis= ball and socket joint

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3
Q

describe joint capsule of the shoulder joint

A

simple and loose

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4
Q

describe the diverticulum in the shoulder joint

A
  • goes over the tendon of origin of the biceps brachii muscle
  • tendon actually goes in and originates within the joint capsule (tendon originates from supraglenoid tubercle within the joint and goes through the joint capsule and passes through inter-tubercular groove of humerus)
  • diverticulum acts like a tendon sheath giving the tendon a friction free synovial environment
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5
Q

ligaments in the shoulder joint (3)

A
  • 2: lateral and medial glenohumeral (not strong, v thin)
  • transverse humeral retinaculum
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6
Q

where does the shoulder joint get a lot of its support from

A

muscles: supraspinatus, infraspinatus and subscapularis

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7
Q

elbow joint movement

A
  • flexion and extension
  • rotation about the radio-ulnar joint (supination and pronation)
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8
Q

what kind of joint is an elbow joint

A

ginglymus; hinge joint

also compound joint; 3 in 1:
humero- radial joint
humero- ulnar joint
radio- ulnar joint

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9
Q

joint capsule of elbow joint

A
  • Tight particularly laterally (no lateral movement in elbow)
  • Extensor pouch caudal (bigger on extension)
  • Flexor pouch cranial (bigger on flexion)
  • Pouches do not communicate except distally
  • Fluid can move from flexor pouch from extensor pouch around the humerus distally
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10
Q

name the ligaments of the elbow joint

A
  • lateral and medial collateral ligaments (most important ligaments)
  • annular ligaments
  • oblique ligament
  • olecranon ligament
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11
Q

the lateral and medial collaterals of the elbow joint run from ___ to ____

A

from epicondyle of humerus down to radius and ulna

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12
Q

the lateral and medial collaterals of the elbow joint have 2 arms called

A

cranial crura
caudal crura

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13
Q

where does the annular ligament of the elbow joint go

A

ulna to ulna across the radius; holds the head of radius on top of ulna

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14
Q

oblique ligament; where is it

A
  • cranial aspect of elbow
  • small band on fibers
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15
Q

oblique ligament is ____ when elbow is flexed and ____ when elbow is extended

A

loose
tight

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16
Q

what does oblique ligament do

A

prevents overextension of elbow

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17
Q

olecranon ligament where

A

on caudal aspect

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18
Q

oblique ligament is ____ when elbow is flexed and ____ when elbow is extended

A

tight
loose

19
Q

most luxations of elbow almost always involve

A

fractures

20
Q

Proximal radio-ulnar joint capsule

A

Doesn’t have own joint capsule, just a pouch of the main elbow joint

21
Q

Distal radio-ulnar joint capsule

A

doesn’t rhave its own joint capsule, Pouch of antebrachiocarpal joint

22
Q

3 joints in the carpal joint

A

antebrachiocarpal joint (most proximal)
intercarpal joint
carpometacarpal joint (most distal)

23
Q

movement in carpal joint

A
  • flexion/ extension:
  • most in antebrachiocarpal joint
  • some between proximal and distal carpals (intercarpal joint)
  • very limited in carpometacarpal joints
24
Q

Joint capsule of carpal joints forms a

A

sleeve over carpals from radius and ulna to metacarpals (sleeve pinched off on proximal carpals and distal carpals)

25
Q

3 compartments of the carpal joint sleeve

A

Antebrachiocarpal compartment separate

Intercarpal and carpometacarpal compartments communicate

26
Q

the second sleeve of the carpal joints (the carpal fascia) is superficial to the first sleeve and is associated with

A

tendons

27
Q

name the ligaments of the carpal joint 5

A
  • dorsal carpal ligament
  • palmar carpal fibrocartilage
  • collateral ligaments (medial and lateral)
  • interosseous ligaments
28
Q

dorsal carpal ligament

A

thickened joint capsule dorsal

29
Q

palmar carpal fibrocartilage (forms deep wall of carpal canal)

A
  • Thickening of palmar joint capsule, →so thick it is cartilage
  • Partly fibrocartilaginous
  • Associated with flexor retinaculum
30
Q

what tendons run through carpal canal and sit on palmar carpal fibrocartilage

A

DDF tendon (deep digit flexor tendon) and SDF tendon (superficial digit flexor tendon) ; flex digits

31
Q

what are the 2 functions of the palmar fibrocartilage ligament

A

This ligament prevents overextension of carpus (we can overextend but domestic animals can’t)

and also because the flexor tendons slap the back of carpus every time animal lands when its running and over extends its digits; lots of wear and tear that this ligament helps with

32
Q

Collateral ligaments

A
  • Fusion of joint capsule and carpal fascia laterally and medially (inner and outer sleeves)
  • Multiple short bands
33
Q

Interosseos ligaments of carpal joint

A

Many small ligaments between bones

34
Q

Intermetacarpal joints movement and type

A

gliding; arthrodial joint

35
Q

joint capsule of Intermetacarpal joints

A

carpometacarpal joint extends down and between metacarpals

36
Q

ligaments of intermetacarpal joint

A

interosseous metacarpal ligaments

37
Q

Metacarpophalangeal and phalangeal joints movements

A

flexion and extension

38
Q

Metacarpophalangeal and phalangeal joint capsule

A

simple

39
Q

Metacarpophalangeal and phalangeal joints ligaments

A
  • Lateral and medial collaterals
  • Dorsal elastic ligament distal interphalangeal joint
  • Inserts ungual crest
  • Keeps the claws retracted
40
Q

_____ run over paired sesamoid on palmar surface metacarpal-phalangeal joints

A

DDF tendons

41
Q

Attachments for palmar sesamoid bones: ligaments

A
  • Lateral and medial sesamoidean
  • Intersesamoidean
  • distal sesamoidean
  • Cruciate ligaments

(2 sesamoid bones on the back of each metacarpal-phalangeal joint on each digit)

42
Q

Attachments for dorsal sesamoid bones

A
  • Only metacarpo-phalangeal are osseous, ones further down are not ossified (don’t worry about this)
  • Embedded in the common digital extensor tendon
43
Q

Retinacula (3)

A

hold the flexor tendons close to the palmar surface of the manus
1) proximal; on the distal MC
2) middle; on proximal phalanx
3) distal; on middle phalanx

nothing to do with joints*

Vets1021: loco (19 decks)

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