joints of the front limb Flashcards
shoulder joint movement
- flexion/extension
- some rotation
- abduction and adduction
what kind of joint is the shoulder joint
enarthrosis= ball and socket joint
describe joint capsule of the shoulder joint
simple and loose
describe the diverticulum in the shoulder joint
- goes over the tendon of origin of the biceps brachii muscle
- tendon actually goes in and originates within the joint capsule (tendon originates from supraglenoid tubercle within the joint and goes through the joint capsule and passes through inter-tubercular groove of humerus)
- diverticulum acts like a tendon sheath giving the tendon a friction free synovial environment
ligaments in the shoulder joint (3)
- 2: lateral and medial glenohumeral (not strong, v thin)
- transverse humeral retinaculum
where does the shoulder joint get a lot of its support from
muscles: supraspinatus, infraspinatus and subscapularis
elbow joint movement
- flexion and extension
- rotation about the radio-ulnar joint (supination and pronation)
what kind of joint is an elbow joint
ginglymus; hinge joint
also compound joint; 3 in 1:
humero- radial joint
humero- ulnar joint
radio- ulnar joint
joint capsule of elbow joint
- Tight particularly laterally (no lateral movement in elbow)
- Extensor pouch caudal (bigger on extension)
- Flexor pouch cranial (bigger on flexion)
- Pouches do not communicate except distally
- Fluid can move from flexor pouch from extensor pouch around the humerus distally
name the ligaments of the elbow joint
- lateral and medial collateral ligaments (most important ligaments)
- annular ligaments
- oblique ligament
- olecranon ligament
the lateral and medial collaterals of the elbow joint run from ___ to ____
from epicondyle of humerus down to radius and ulna
the lateral and medial collaterals of the elbow joint have 2 arms called
cranial crura
caudal crura
where does the annular ligament of the elbow joint go
ulna to ulna across the radius; holds the head of radius on top of ulna
oblique ligament; where is it
- cranial aspect of elbow
- small band on fibers
oblique ligament is ____ when elbow is flexed and ____ when elbow is extended
loose
tight
what does oblique ligament do
prevents overextension of elbow
olecranon ligament where
on caudal aspect
olecranon ligament is ____ when elbow is flexed and ____ when elbow is extended
tight
loose
most luxations of elbow almost always involve
fractures
Proximal radio-ulnar joint capsule
Doesn’t have own joint capsule, just a pouch of the main elbow joint
Distal radio-ulnar joint capsule
doesn’t rhave its own joint capsule, Pouch of antebrachiocarpal joint
3 joints in the carpal joint
antebrachiocarpal joint (most proximal)
intercarpal joint
carpometacarpal joint (most distal)
movement in carpal joint
- flexion/ extension:
- most in antebrachiocarpal joint
- some between proximal and distal carpals (intercarpal joint)
- very limited in carpometacarpal joints
Joint capsule of carpal joints forms a
sleeve over carpals from radius and ulna to metacarpals (sleeve pinched off on proximal carpals and distal carpals)
3 compartments of the carpal joint sleeve
Antebrachiocarpal compartment separate
Intercarpal and carpometacarpal compartments communicate
the second sleeve of the carpal joints (the carpal fascia) is superficial to the first sleeve and is associated with
tendons
name the ligaments of the carpal joint 5
- dorsal carpal ligament
- palmar carpal fibrocartilage
- collateral ligaments (medial and lateral)
- interosseous ligaments
dorsal carpal ligament
thickened joint capsule dorsal
palmar carpal fibrocartilage (forms deep wall of carpal canal)
- Thickening of palmar joint capsule, →so thick it is cartilage
- Partly fibrocartilaginous
- Associated with flexor retinaculum
what tendons run through carpal canal and sit on palmar carpal fibrocartilage
DDF tendon (deep digit flexor tendon) and SDF tendon (superficial digit flexor tendon) ; flex digits
what are the 2 functions of the palmar fibrocartilage ligament
This ligament prevents overextension of carpus (we can overextend but domestic animals can’t)
and also because the flexor tendons slap the back of carpus every time animal lands when its running and over extends its digits; lots of wear and tear that this ligament helps with
Collateral ligaments
- Fusion of joint capsule and carpal fascia laterally and medially (inner and outer sleeves)
- Multiple short bands
Interosseos ligaments of carpal joint
Many small ligaments between bones
Intermetacarpal joints movement and type
gliding; arthrodial joint
joint capsule of Intermetacarpal joints
carpometacarpal joint extends down and between metacarpals
ligaments of intermetacarpal joint
interosseous metacarpal ligaments
Metacarpophalangeal and phalangeal joints movements
flexion and extension
Metacarpophalangeal and phalangeal joint capsule
simple
Metacarpophalangeal and phalangeal joints ligaments
- Lateral and medial collaterals
- Dorsal elastic ligament distal interphalangeal joint
- Inserts ungual crest
- Keeps the claws retracted
_____ run over paired sesamoid on palmar surface metacarpal-phalangeal joints
DDF tendons
Attachments for palmar sesamoid bones: ligaments
- Lateral and medial sesamoidean
- Intersesamoidean
- distal sesamoidean
- Cruciate ligaments
(2 sesamoid bones on the back of each metacarpal-phalangeal joint on each digit)
Attachments for dorsal sesamoid bones
- Only metacarpo-phalangeal are osseous, ones further down are not ossified (don’t worry about this)
- Embedded in the common digital extensor tendon
Retinacula (3)
hold the flexor tendons close to the palmar surface of the manus
1) proximal; on the distal MC
2) middle; on proximal phalanx
3) distal; on middle phalanx
nothing to do with joints*
