DOG muscles of the forelimb Flashcards
1
Q
extrinsic muscles
A
Attach the limb to the trunk
Move the whole limb
2
Q
intrinsic muscles
A
move limb bones relative to eachother
3
Q
flexors
A
reducing angle
4
Q
extensor
A
increasing the angle
5
Q
over extension or dorsiflexion
A
extension beyond 180 degrees
6
Q
rotators
A
supinate and pronate
7
Q
elevators
A
raise limb
8
Q
protractors
A
move limb forward
9
Q
retractors
A
move limb backwards
10
Q
in domestic animals there is _____ bony connection between forelimb and the body
A
NO
11
Q
name the 7 muscles involved with SUPPORT of the forelimb
A
- serratus ventralis
- rhomboideus
- superficial pectoral
- deep pectoral
- trapezius
- brachiocephalicus
- latismus dorsi
12
Q
serratus ventralis
A
- origin; cervical vertebrae and ribs
- insertion; facies serrata of scapula
- like a big fan
13
Q
rhomboideus
A
- 3 parts; from most dorsal to most ventral: capital, cervical, thoracic
- origin: median raphe of neck (for capital and cervical) and spinous process of thoracic vertebrae (for thoracic)
- insertion; dorsal scapula
14
Q
superficial pectoral
A
- origin; first 3 sternebrae
- insertion; greater tubercle of humerus
15
Q
deep pectoral
A
- origin; sternum
- insertion; lesser tubercle of humerus and medial brachial fascia (recall brachium= upper forelimb)
16
Q
brachium
A
upper forelimb
17
Q
antibrachium
A
lower forelimb
18
Q
trapezius
A
- 2 parts; cervical and thoracic
- origin; median raphe of neck (cervical) and supra-spinous ligament (thoracic)
- insertion; spine of scapula
- nerve; accessory (CN XI)
19
Q
brachiocephalicus
A
- 3 parts; cleidobrachialis, cleidocervicalis, cleidomastoideus
- origin; clavicular tendon
- insertion:
- CB; cranial humerus
- CM; mastoid process of skull
- CC: median raphe of neck
- nerves : accessory (CN XI) for CC and CM only
20
Q
latissimus dorsi
A
- origin; thoracic and lumbar vertebral fascia
- insertion; proximal humerus
21
Q
name the 4 protractors (move the forelimb foreward)
A
- brachiocephalicus
- rhomboideus (only cervical and capital parts, NOT thoracic part)
- superficial pectoral
- trapezius (only cervical part, NOT thoracic part)
22
Q
name the adductor of the forelimb (moving leg toward midline)
A
superficial pectoral
23
Q
name the two (ish) abductors (moving leg away from midline)
A
- deltoideus
- +/- trapezius
24
Q
deltoideus
A
- 2 parts; acromial and spinous (spinous part more dorsal)
- origin; spine of scapula and acromion
- insertion; deltoid tuberosity on the humerus
25
name the 5 retractors of the forelimb (bringing leg backwards)
- latissimus dorsi
- rhomboideus (thoracic part, NOT cervical and capital part)
- superficial pectoral
- deep pectoral
- trapezius (thoracic part NOT cervical part)
26
why is the superficial pectoral both a retractor and a protractor
because its sort of in the middle so it brings leg back into neutral state
27
name the 2 elevators of the limb
- trapezius
- rhomboideus
28
name the 3 flexors of the shoulder (shoulder back)
- teres major
- deltoideus
- infraspinatus
29
teres major
- origin; caudal scapula
- insertion; teres tuberosity (major) on medial side of humerus
30
infraspinatus
- origin; infraspinous fossa
- insertion; greater tubercle
- nerve; suprascapular
31
name the 2 extensors of shoulder
- brachiochephalicus (when head and neck are fixed)
- supraspinatus
32
supraspinatus
- origin; supraspinous fossa
- insertion; greater tubercle
- nerve suprascapular
33
name the 2 flexors of the elbow
- biceps brachii
- brachialis *
34
biceps brachii
- origin; supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)
- insertion; radial and ulnar tuberosities
- nerve; musculocuntaneous
35
name the extensor of the elbow
triceps brachii
36
triceps brachii
- 4 heads; long, lateral, medial, accessory
- origin:
- long; caudal scapula
- lateral; tricipital line
- medial; lesser tubercle
- accessory; neck of humerus
- insertion; olecranon
- nerve; radial
37
name the supinator muscle
supinator
38
supinator
origin; lateral epicondylde of humerus
- insertion; proximal 1/3 of radius
- nerve; radial (as for elbow extensors)
39
name the pronation muscle
- pronator teres
40
pronator teres
- origin; medial epicondyle of humerus
- insertion; medial radius
- nerve; median
41
name the 3 extensors of the carpus
- extensor carpi radialis
- common digital extensor
- lateral digital extensor*
* Ulnaris lateralis; actually a carpus extensor but has moved so lateral that its functionally now a flexor
42
extensor carpi radialis
- origin; lateral epicondylar crest
- insertion; dorsal metacarpals 2 & 3
- nerve; radial
43
common digital extensor
- origin; lateral epicondyle
- insertion; 4 branches to dorsal distal phalanges 2-5
- nerve; radial
44
name the 3 extensors of digits
- common digital extensor
- lateral digital extensor *
- abductor pollicis longus *
45
what are the extensors of the digits held in place by
extensor retinaculum
46
name the 5 flexors of the carpus
- flexor carpi radialis *
- flexor carpi ulnaris
- ulnaris lateralis **
- superficial digital flexor
- deep digital flexor
47
flexor carpi ulnaris
- 2 heads; humeral and ulnar
- origin;
- medial epicondyle (humeral head)
- medial olecranon (ulnar head)
- insertion; accessory carpal
- nerve; ulnar
48
superficial digital flexor
flexes carpus and digits
- Origin; medial epicondyle
- Insertion; palmar middle phalanx; 2-5
49
Deep digital flexor;
flexes carpus and digits
- Origin; 3 heads; medial epicondyle humerus, ulna and radius
- Insertion; palmar distal phalanx II-V (I?)
- Nerve; median and ulnar
50
Superficial and deep digital flexor cross over via
manica flexoria
Superficial splits into 2 branches come down on either side of deep, forms like a tunnel for the deep to pass through
51
name the 4 flexors of digits
- superficial digital flexor
- deep digital flexor
- interosseous mm *
- lumbricales *
