DOG muscles of the forelimb Flashcards
extrinsic muscles
Attach the limb to the trunk
Move the whole limb
intrinsic muscles
move limb bones relative to eachother
flexors
reducing angle
extensor
increasing the angle
over extension or dorsiflexion
extension beyond 180 degrees
rotators
supinate and pronate
elevators
raise limb
protractors
move limb forward
retractors
move limb backwards
in domestic animals there is _____ bony connection between forelimb and the body
NO
name the 7 muscles involved with SUPPORT of the forelimb
- serratus ventralis
- rhomboideus
- superficial pectoral
- deep pectoral
- trapezius
- brachiocephalicus
- latismus dorsi
serratus ventralis
- origin; cervical vertebrae and ribs
- insertion; facies serrata of scapula
- like a big fan
rhomboideus
- 3 parts; from most dorsal to most ventral: capital, cervical, thoracic
- origin: median raphe of neck (for capital and cervical) and spinous process of thoracic vertebrae (for thoracic)
- insertion; dorsal scapula
superficial pectoral
- origin; first 3 sternebrae
- insertion; greater tubercle of humerus
deep pectoral
- origin; sternum
- insertion; lesser tubercle of humerus and medial brachial fascia (recall brachium= upper forelimb)
brachium
upper forelimb
antibrachium
lower forelimb
trapezius
- 2 parts; cervical and thoracic
- origin; median raphe of neck (cervical) and supra-spinous ligament (thoracic)
- insertion; spine of scapula
- nerve; accessory (CN XI)
brachiocephalicus
- 3 parts; cleidobrachialis, cleidocervicalis, cleidomastoideus
- origin; clavicular tendon
- insertion:
- CB; cranial humerus
- CM; mastoid process of skull
- CC: median raphe of neck
- nerves : accessory (CN XI) for CC and CM only
latissimus dorsi
- origin; thoracic and lumbar vertebral fascia
- insertion; proximal humerus
name the 4 protractors (move the forelimb foreward)
- brachiocephalicus
- rhomboideus (only cervical and capital parts, NOT thoracic part)
- superficial pectoral
- trapezius (only cervical part, NOT thoracic part)
name the adductor of the forelimb (moving leg toward midline)
superficial pectoral
name the two (ish) abductors (moving leg away from midline)
- deltoideus
- +/- trapezius
deltoideus
- 2 parts; acromial and spinous (spinous part more dorsal)
- origin; spine of scapula and acromion
- insertion; deltoid tuberosity on the humerus
name the 5 retractors of the forelimb (bringing leg backwards)
- latissimus dorsi
- rhomboideus (thoracic part, NOT cervical and capital part)
- superficial pectoral
- deep pectoral
- trapezius (thoracic part NOT cervical part)
why is the superficial pectoral both a retractor and a protractor
because its sort of in the middle so it brings leg back into neutral state
name the 2 elevators of the limb
- trapezius
- rhomboideus
name the 3 flexors of the shoulder (shoulder back)
- teres major
- deltoideus
- infraspinatus
teres major
- origin; caudal scapula
- insertion; teres tuberosity (major) on medial side of humerus
infraspinatus
- origin; infraspinous fossa
- insertion; greater tubercle
- nerve; suprascapular
name the 2 extensors of shoulder
- brachiochephalicus (when head and neck are fixed)
- supraspinatus
supraspinatus
- origin; supraspinous fossa
- insertion; greater tubercle
- nerve suprascapular
name the 2 flexors of the elbow
- biceps brachii
- brachialis *
biceps brachii
- origin; supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)
- insertion; radial and ulnar tuberosities
- nerve; musculocuntaneous
name the extensor of the elbow
triceps brachii
triceps brachii
- 4 heads; long, lateral, medial, accessory
- origin:
- long; caudal scapula
- lateral; tricipital line
- medial; lesser tubercle
- accessory; neck of humerus
- insertion; olecranon
- nerve; radial
name the supinator muscle
supinator
supinator
origin; lateral epicondylde of humerus
- insertion; proximal 1/3 of radius
- nerve; radial (as for elbow extensors)
name the pronation muscle
- pronator teres
pronator teres
- origin; medial epicondyle of humerus
- insertion; medial radius
- nerve; median
name the 3 extensors of the carpus
- extensor carpi radialis
- common digital extensor
- lateral digital extensor*
- Ulnaris lateralis; actually a carpus extensor but has moved so lateral that its functionally now a flexor
extensor carpi radialis
- origin; lateral epicondylar crest
- insertion; dorsal metacarpals 2 & 3
- nerve; radial
common digital extensor
- origin; lateral epicondyle
- insertion; 4 branches to dorsal distal phalanges 2-5
- nerve; radial
name the 3 extensors of digits
- common digital extensor
- lateral digital extensor *
- abductor pollicis longus *
what are the extensors of the digits held in place by
extensor retinaculum
name the 5 flexors of the carpus
- flexor carpi radialis *
- flexor carpi ulnaris
- ulnaris lateralis **
- superficial digital flexor
- deep digital flexor
flexor carpi ulnaris
- 2 heads; humeral and ulnar
- origin;
- medial epicondyle (humeral head)
- medial olecranon (ulnar head)
- insertion; accessory carpal
- nerve; ulnar
superficial digital flexor
flexes carpus and digits
- Origin; medial epicondyle
- Insertion; palmar middle phalanx; 2-5
Deep digital flexor;
flexes carpus and digits
- Origin; 3 heads; medial epicondyle humerus, ulna and radius
- Insertion; palmar distal phalanx II-V (I?)
- Nerve; median and ulnar
Superficial and deep digital flexor cross over via
manica flexoria
Superficial splits into 2 branches come down on either side of deep, forms like a tunnel for the deep to pass through
name the 4 flexors of digits
- superficial digital flexor
- deep digital flexor
- interosseous mm *
- lumbricales *
