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Vets1021: loco > horse front limb anatomy > Flashcards

horse front limb anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

how do horse limb muscles differ to dogs

A
  • Similar to dog but simpler
  • Rotators, adductors & abductors reduced or absent.
  • Limbs fixed in pronation
  • Muscles developed for movement in craniocaudal (sagittal) plane
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2
Q

supraspinatus

A
  • Originates
    supraspinous
    fossa/cartilage/
    spine
  • Inserts on cranial
    parts both greater
    & lesser tubercle
    either side biceps
    tendon
  • Stabilises &
    extends shoulder
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3
Q

deltoideus

A
  • Originates scapular
    spine & caudal
    scapula
  • Inserts on deltoid
    tuberosity
  • Flexes shoulder
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4
Q

infraspinatus

A
  • Originates infraspinous fossa/cartilage/
    spine/cartilage
  • Inserts: deep & superficial insertions to
    caudal part of greater tubercle
  • Synovial bursa under superficial tendon
  • Flexes shoulder. Functions as
    (contractile) lat. collateral ligament
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5
Q

teres minor

A
  • Originates distal
    half caudal border
    of scapula
  • Inserts on deltoid
    tuberosity
  • Flexes shoulder
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6
Q

subscapularis

A
  • Origin: sub scapular
    fossa
  • Insertion: lesser
    tubercle of
    humerus
  • Extendes &
    stabilises shoulder
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7
Q

triceps brachii

A
  • THREE heads - Long, lateral, medial
  • From caudal scapula to the olecranon
  • Extends elbow
  • Radial n.
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8
Q

biceps brachii

A
  • Origin: scapular tuberosity
  • Insertion: radial tuberosity/medial elbow joint/ ECR tendon/forearm fascia
  • Flexes elbow
  • Tendon of origin is flat, broad & fibrocartilagenous
    in type
  • Lacertus fibrosus (part of the stay apparatus of
    the fore limb) connects to extensor carpi radialis
    (ECR)
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9
Q

biceps brachii has a ___ associated with it

A

bursa

Large bicipital bursa as
passes over intermediate
tubercle of the humerus

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10
Q

shoulder joint; 3 synovial structures

A
  • Shoulder joint
    (scapulohumeral joint)
  • Bicipital bursa (no
    communication with shoulder
    joint)
  • Infraspinatus bursa
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11
Q

describe collateral ligaments of the shoulder

A
  • There are no true collateral
    ligaments
  • Muscles functions as (contractile)
    collateral ligaments
  • SUBSCAPULARIS (medial)
  • SUPRASPINATUS &
    INFRASPINATUS (lateral)
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12
Q

nerve associated with supraspinatus and infraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve

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13
Q

EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS

A
  • Origin: lateral supracondylar
    crest of the humerus & radial fossa
  • Insertion: metacarpal tuberosity
  • Extends carpus
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14
Q

common digital extensor

A
  • Origin: has 3 heads (radial, humeral & ulnar)
  • Insertion: extensor process P3 (+P1 & P2)
  • Connected to suspensory ligament (SL) via extensor branches
  • Extends carpus & digit
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15
Q

lateral digital extensor

A
  • Origin: proximal radius & ulna
  • Insertion: on P1
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16
Q

extensor capri obliquus

A
  • Origin: distolateral cranial radius
  • Crosses carpus
  • Insertion: dorsomedially on proximal MC2
17
Q

which extensors have tendon sheaths

A
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis (ECR)
  • Common digital Extensor
  • Lateral digital Extensor
18
Q

ulnaris lateralis

A
  • Origin: lateral epicondyle
    humerus
  • Insertion: accessory carpal bone & proximal MC4
  • Flexes carpus
19
Q

FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS

A
  • Origin: medial humeral epicondyle
  • Insertion: proximal MC2
20
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A
  • Origin: humeral head (medial epicondyle) &
    ulnar head (medial olecranon)
  • Insertion: accessory carpal bone
21
Q

superficial digital flexor

A
  • Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
  • Insertion: distal P1 & proximal P2
  • Accessory ligament of the SDFT or superior check ligament
    (from radius)
  • Forms sleeve around DDFT at fetlock joint level (MANICA
    FLEXORIA)
22
Q

deep digital flexor

A
  • Origin: THREE heads (humeral, ulnar & radial)
  • Insertion: P3
  • Accessory ligament of the DDFT or inferior check
    ligament (from distal palmar carpal ligament)
  • Navicular bursa (between DDFT & navicular bone)
23
Q

navicular bursa is between

A

DDFT & navicular bone

24
Q

suspensory ligament

A
  • Origin: Proximocaudal on MC3, and palmar carpal lig
  • Insertion: Proximal sesamoid bones
  • Extensor branches (from proximal sesamoid bones to join the common digital extensor
    tendon, around proximal P1)
  • Contains little muscular tissue
  • Counteracts overextension of the fetlock joint
  • proximal part, body, branches, extensor branches
25
Q

what is the tendon sheath called that encloses the SDFT and DDFT

A

digital flexor tendon sheath

26
Q

what tendon sheath is associated with the palmar aspect of the carpus

A

carpal canal/ carpal sheath

27
Q

what nerve innervates triceps and extensors

A

radial nerve

28
Q

radial nerve

A
  • Innervates:Triceps and Carpal & digital extensors
  • Sensory to skin of lateral antebrachium (lateral
    cutaneous ante brachial nerve)
  • If injured (dropped elbow, flexed carpus & digit, can’t bear weight below triceps - unable to voluntarily extend foot)
29
Q

what nerve innervates the flexors of carpus and digits

A

median nerve and ulnar nerve

30
Q

median nerve

A
  • Innervates Flexors of carpus & digits
  • Joined with musculocutaneous nerve part of
    the way
  • Main sensory nerve to distal limb where it
    divides into medial & lateral palmar nerve
31
Q

ulnar nerve

A
  • Innervates Flexors of carpus & digits
  • Skin sensation of caudal fore arm & lateral
    metacarpus (caudal cutaneous antebrachial nerve & dorsal branch respectively)
32
Q

at the level of the carpus what nerves are associated

A
  • All sensory - no motor as no muscles present
  • Mainly from median nerve
33
Q

describe the nerves of the front limb

A
  • Median nerve branches to medial palmar nerve and lateral palmar nerve
  • Medial palmar nerve turns into medial palmar digital nerve (by SDFT and DDFT)
  • Lateral palmar nerve turns into lateral palmar digital nerve (by SDFT and DDFT)
  • Lateral palmar nerve also branches into the medial and lateral palmar metacarpal nerves (by the splint bones)
  • Ulnar n. Caudal aspect of limb above carpus, in between flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnaris lateralis
34
Q

main trunk of arteries

A

axillary –> brachial–> median –> medial palmar artery (just proximal to carpus) –> medial and lateral palmar digital arteries

35
Q

MEDIAL PALMAR ARTERY

A
  • main supply lower limb & foot
  • runs medially between SL & DDFT
  • branches to medial & lateral
    palmar digital arteries
36
Q

veins

A

follow arteries except cephalic vein on medial side

Vets1021: loco (25 decks)

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