nerves and blood vessels of the hind limb Flashcards
name the nerves in the lumbosacral plexus
- femoral nerve
- obturator nerve
- sciatic nerves
- peroneal nerve
- tibial nerve
Femoral nerve
- (innervates cranial aspect of thigh)
- Most cranial
- Goes to: iliopsoas, sartorius and quadriceps
Obturator nerve goes through
pelvis and through obturator foramen
Obturator nerve
- innervates medial aspect of thigh
- Innervates adductor, gracilis, pectineus, external obturator (adductor muscles on medial side of thigh)
which nerve may cause issues during cow birth
obturator nerve
if calf is big can squash and damage this nerve which result in dysfunctional nerve, cow can’t stand because her adductor muscles no longer work, legs splayed out
Sciatic nerves
- (innervates caudal aspect of nerve)
- divides into peroneal and tibial nerve
- Innervates internal obturator and hamstrings
- Must be careful when you pin the leg of an animal during surgery
Peroneal nerve
- innervates cranial muscles below stifle
- Innervates cranial tibial, long and lateral digital extensors and peroneus longus
Tibial nerves
- innervates causal muscles below stifle
Innervates gastrocnemius, SDF, DDF and popliteus
Cutaneous nerves
Innervate the skin
dorsal cutaneous nerves of forelimb
radial nerves
Dorsal metacarpal nerve
Dorsal digital nerve
Medial dorsal digital nerve
palmar cutaneous nerves of forelimb
- median and ulnar nerve
- Palmar metacarpal nerve (deep and superficial)
- Palmar digital nerve
dorsal cutaneous nerves of hindlimb
- peroneal nerve
- Dorsal digital and MT nerve
- Dorsal common and proper digital nerve
palmar cutaneous nerves of hindlimb
- tibial nerve
- Plantar mt nerve
- Plantar common and proper digital nerve
medial cutaneous nerve of hindlimb
saphenous nerve
Arteries hind limb, main stem
External iliac artery (hip) turns into Femoral artery (thigh) turns into Popliteal artery (stifle) turns into Cranial tibial artery (below stifle)
External iliac artery
- An abdominal artery
- From termination aorta
- Follows abdominal wall and leaves abdomen via femoral ring, then turns into femoral nerve (just below the deep femoral)
Femoral artery
- Starts as vessel runs through femoral ring
- Medial surface between sartorius muscle and pectineus muscle; femoral triangle
- Superficial
- Most common site for taking pulse of small animals
Popliteal artery
- Once femoral artery reaches distal end of femur it dives in deep and passes caudal to stifle, as it passes over back of stile, it become popliteal artery
- Caudal to stifle between heads of gastrocnemius muscle
Main branch of femoral artery
saphenous artery
Cranial tibial artery
- Becomes lateral and eventually becomes cranial
- Forms loop with saphenous artery and together supply the paw
- The reason it doesn’t stay medial; no muscles there to protect it, better to be under muscles on lateral side
Saphenous artery
- Medial
- 2 parts; cranial and caudal
main stem of veins in hind limb
Cranial tibial vein becomes popliteal vein becomes femoral vein becomes external iliac vein and goes into caudal vena cava
Saphenous veins
- Medial saphenous vein follows the saphenous artery
- Lateral saphenous vein → distal caudal femoral vein (one we see), has no arterial counterpart
- Cranial and caudal branches for both
