nerves and blood vessels of the hind limb

Question 1

name the nerves in the lumbosacral plexus

Answer 1

• femoral nerve
• obturator nerve
• sciatic nerves
• peroneal nerve
• tibial nerve

Question 2

Femoral nerve

Answer 2

• (innervates cranial aspect of thigh)
• Most cranial
• Goes to: iliopsoas, sartorius and quadriceps

Question 3

Obturator nerve goes through

Answer 3

pelvis and through obturator foramen

Question 4

Obturator nerve

Answer 4

• innervates medial aspect of thigh
• Innervates adductor, gracilis, pectineus, external obturator (adductor muscles on medial side of thigh)

Question 5

which nerve may cause issues during cow birth

Answer 5

obturator nerve

if calf is big can squash and damage this nerve which result in dysfunctional nerve, cow can’t stand because her adductor muscles no longer work, legs splayed out

Question 6

Sciatic nerves

Answer 6

• (innervates caudal aspect of nerve)
• divides into peroneal and tibial nerve
• Innervates internal obturator and hamstrings
• Must be careful when you pin the leg of an animal during surgery

Question 7

Peroneal nerve

Answer 7

• innervates cranial muscles below stifle
• Innervates cranial tibial, long and lateral digital extensors and peroneus longus

Question 8

Tibial nerves

Answer 8

• innervates causal muscles below stifle
  Innervates gastrocnemius, SDF, DDF and popliteus

Question 9

Cutaneous nerves

Answer 9

Innervate the skin

Question 10

dorsal cutaneous nerves of forelimb

Answer 10

radial nerves
Dorsal metacarpal nerve
Dorsal digital nerve
Medial dorsal digital nerve

Question 11

palmar cutaneous nerves of forelimb

Answer 11

• median and ulnar nerve
• Palmar metacarpal nerve (deep and superficial)
• Palmar digital nerve

Question 12

dorsal cutaneous nerves of hindlimb

Answer 12

• peroneal nerve
• Dorsal digital and MT nerve
• Dorsal common and proper digital nerve

Question 13

palmar cutaneous nerves of hindlimb

Answer 13

• tibial nerve
• Plantar mt nerve
• Plantar common and proper digital nerve

Question 14

medial cutaneous nerve of hindlimb

Answer 14

saphenous nerve

Question 15

Arteries hind limb, main stem

Answer 15

External iliac artery (hip) turns into Femoral artery (thigh) turns into Popliteal artery (stifle) turns into Cranial tibial artery (below stifle)

Question 16

External iliac artery

Answer 16

• An abdominal artery
• From termination aorta
• Follows abdominal wall and leaves abdomen via femoral ring, then turns into femoral nerve (just below the deep femoral)

Question 17

Femoral artery

Answer 17

• Starts as vessel runs through femoral ring
• Medial surface between sartorius muscle and pectineus muscle; femoral triangle
• Superficial
• Most common site for taking pulse of small animals

Question 18

Popliteal artery

Answer 18

• Once femoral artery reaches distal end of femur it dives in deep and passes caudal to stifle, as it passes over back of stile, it become popliteal artery
• Caudal to stifle between heads of gastrocnemius muscle

Question 19

Main branch of femoral artery

Answer 19

saphenous artery

Question 20

Cranial tibial artery

Answer 20

• Becomes lateral and eventually becomes cranial
• Forms loop with saphenous artery and together supply the paw
• The reason it doesn’t stay medial; no muscles there to protect it, better to be under muscles on lateral side

Question 21

Saphenous artery

Answer 21

• Medial
• 2 parts; cranial and caudal

Question 22

main stem of veins in hind limb

Answer 22

Cranial tibial vein becomes popliteal vein becomes femoral vein becomes external iliac vein and goes into caudal vena cava

Question 23

Saphenous veins

Answer 23

• Medial saphenous vein follows the saphenous artery
• Lateral saphenous vein → distal caudal femoral vein (one we see), has no arterial counterpart
• Cranial and caudal branches for both