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Vets1021: loco > horse joints > Flashcards

horse joints Flashcards

1
Q

normal joint components

A
  • trabecular bone
  • subchondral bone plate
  • articular cartilgae
  • joint cavity containing synovial fluid
  • synovial membrane
  • joint capsule
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2
Q

shoulder joint; glenohumeral

A
  • spherical joint
  • NO collateral lligaments
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3
Q

shoulder joint; bursa of biceps tendon is a _____ synovial cavity

A

separate

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4
Q

elbow joint (radiohumeral, cubital joint)

A
  • can palpate medial and lateral humeral epicondyles
  • joint capsule forms joint in olecranon fossa under anconeus muscle
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5
Q

collateral ligaments of elbow joint

A
  • medial and lateral collaterals divided into long and short parts
  • long part is remnant of pronator teres muscle
  • lateral collateral is short but strong
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6
Q

carpus consists of what 3 joints

which communicate

A

radiocarpal
intercarpal
carpometacarpal

bottom 2 communicate

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7
Q

movement in the 3 carpal joints

A

radio carpal 100 degrees

intercapral 45 degrees

carpometacarpal 0 degrees

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8
Q

5 main ligament types in the carpus

A

common palmar ligament (ie palmar carpal ligament which lines the carpal sheath/canal)

dorsal carpal ligament (extensor retinaculum)

flexor retinculum

medial and lateral collaterals

intercarpal ligs (medial and lateral palmar intercarpal ligs on top of 3rd carpal bone)

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9
Q

common palmar ligament (ie palmar carpal ligament)

A

lines carpal canal

  • thick, continous with joint
    capsule
  • helps prevent over-extension
  • extends distally to accessory lig. of deep digital flexor tendon
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10
Q

flexor retinaculum

A

from accessory carpal bone to medial aspect of joint, encloses carpal canal, SDFT and DDFT

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11
Q

collateral ligaments of carpus

A

large, complete, extending from
distal radius to the metacarpus
with intermittent attachments to
carpal bones

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12
Q

sacroiliac joint has 2 main ligaments

A
  • Sacroiliac ligament: Dorsal & ventral, Incorporated into fibrous capsule of joint
  • Sacrosciatic ligament, equivalent of sacrotuberous ligament in dog, creates greater & lesser ischiatic foraminae
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13
Q

hip joint ie coxofemoral joint ligaments

A
  • Cotyloid ligament
  • Accessory (femoropubic) ligament
  • Ligament of the head of the femur (round ligament)
  • Transverse acetabular
    ligament
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14
Q

cotyloid ligament

A
  • fibrocartilage around rim of acetabulum
  • equivalent of acetabular lip of the dog
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15
Q

accessory (femoropubic lig)

A
  • unique to Equidae
  • extension of the pre-pubic tendon
  • enters acetabulum through acetabular notch & attaches to head of femur
  • reduces potential for abduction
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16
Q
  • Ligament of the head of the femur (round ligament)
A
  • short, stout
  • Tightens on abduction
  • Prevents horse from “cow-kicking”
  • Hip luxations are rare in the horses.
  • hip luxations not present in the ruminant.
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17
Q

Transverse acetabular
ligament

A

across acetabular
notch, holds accessory ligament in place

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18
Q

Where is the ligament of the head of the femur in the ruminant and horse?

A
  • HORSE: from the pubic groove near the acetabular notch to the fovea of the femoral head
  • RUMINANT: from the acetabulum to the fovea of the femoral head.
19
Q

stifle joint

A

same as dog (cranial and caudal cruciate ligaments, menisci, cranial/ caudal and medial/ lateral meniscotibial ligaments, one meniscofemoral lig from lateral meniscus, transverse lig, collateral ligaments, femoropatellar ligements)

difference is has 3 patellar ligs; medial, intermediate, and lateral

20
Q

which of the patellar ligments is involved in the stay apparatus

A

medial (hook from parapatellar fibrocartilage)

21
Q

3 compartments of stifle joint, which communicate

A

femoropatellar joint

medial femorotibial joint

lateral femorotibial joint

femoropatellar joint and medial femorotibial communciate 75%

femoropatellar and lateral femorotibial communicate 25%

NO communication between medial and lateral femorotibial joints

22
Q

what synovial structure can you find by the lateral meniscus (lateral femorotibial joint)

A

subextensor recess

23
Q

tarsus ie hock joint is a compound joint of 4 articulations

A
  • TARSOCRURAL (TIBIOTARSAL) joint
  • PROXIMAL INTERTARSAL (MEDIOTARSAL) JOINT
  • DISTAL INTERTARSAL (CENTRODISTAL) JOINT
  • TARSOMETATARSAL JOINT
24
Q

where does majority of movement occur is tarsus

A

tibiotarsal joint (tarsocrural)

25
Q

communication in tarsus

A

tibiotarsal (tarsocural) communciates with proximal intertarsal and a little bit with distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal

proximal intertarsal does NOT communicate with distal intertarsal

distal intertarsal communicates a little bit with tarsometatarsal

26
Q

extensor retinaculum on hind leg

A
  • unlike front leg where there is 1, on hind there is 3:
  • proximal (tibial)
  • intermediate (tarsal)
  • distal (metatarsal)
27
Q

tarsus ligaments

A
  • Lateral & medial collateral ligament divided into Long lateral collateral lig. and Short lateral collateral lig.
  • long plantar lig; on back of calcaneus
  • 3 extensor retinaculum
  • flexor retincaculum
28
Q
  • LONG PLANTAR LIGAMENT
A
  • Located on plantarolateral surface
    of joint capsule
  • From proximoplantar calcaneus to proximoplantar & lateral aspect of 4th metatarsal bone
29
Q

FLEXOR
RETINACULUM of tarsus

A

Forms outer
(plantaromedial)
wall of the tarsal
canal (sheath)

30
Q

3 joints of manus

A
  • Metacarpophalangeal/ metatarsophalangeal joint (“fetlock joint”)
  • Proximal interphalangeal joint (“pastern joint”)
  • Distal interphalangeal joint (“coffin joint”)
31
Q

fetlock joint

A
  • Joint involves MCIII, first phalanx (P1) & proximal sesamoid
    bones
  • Joint capsule is large & loose due to large range of
    movement
  • Has dorsal & palmar components (pouches) which communicate
32
Q

distension of palmar joint of fetlock joint is called

A

windgalls or windpuffs

33
Q

ligaments of fetlock

A
  • COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS
  • Medial & lateral
  • Superficial layer - dorsal part (from proximally
    to the abaxial condylar fossa to proximolateral/
    medial aspect of the P1) vertical orientation
  • Deep layer - palmar part (from abaxial
    condylar fossa to P1 & proximal sesamoid
    bone) oblique orientation
  • Restrict movement to sagittal plane
34
Q

proximal sesamoidean ligaments

A
  • intersesamoidean ligament between proximal sesamoids, forms proximal scutum
  • lateral and medial collaterals
35
Q

distal sesamoidean ligaments (but all of the proximal sesamoid bone lol there is 4)

A
  • straight sesmoidean lig
  • oblique sesamoidean lig (lat and med)
  • cruciate sesamoidean lig (lat and med)
  • short sesamoidean lig (lat and med)
36
Q

straight sesamoidean lig inserts on

A

proximal P2

37
Q

oblique sesamoidean lig lateral and medial, deep to straight and inserts on

A

palmarodistal aspect P1

38
Q

cruciate sesamoidean lig, deep to obliques, cross the

A

palmar surface of P1

39
Q

short sesamoidean ligs, deep to cruciates, insert

A

close to articular surface of P1

40
Q

pastern joint (proximal interphalangeal joint)

A
  • Limited range of motion compared to fetlock
  • Dorsal pouch (at the level where extensor
    branches of suspensory ligament meet with
    common digital extensor tendon)
41
Q

pastern joint ligs

A
  • collaterals (med and lat)
  • abaxial palmar ligs (med and lat) (attached to collaterals)
  • axial palmar ligs (med and lat)
42
Q

axial and abaxial palmar ligs of pastern joint

A
  • From palmar surface of P1 to fibrocartilage (middle scutum) of PII
  • Prevent over-extension of the joint along with the straight sesamoidean
    ligament
43
Q

middle scutum

A
  • Located where straight sesamoidean ligament,
    the axial palmar pastern and superficial digital
    flexor tendon branches coalesce and insert
    onto the flexor tuberosity of the middle phalanx (back of pastern joint)
  • Together with straight sesamoidean ligament
    provide sagittal stabilisation of pastern

Vets1021: loco (25 decks)

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