horse hind limb anatomy

Question 1

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS

Answer 1

• Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis,
  vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
• Shorter, fatter than in dogs
• Not needed during rest when
  patella locked

Question 2

HAMSTRINGS similar to dog but with

Answer 2

vertebral attachments (origins)

Question 3

Gluteofemoralis muscle insertion into

Answer 3

• insertion into lateral patellar ligament

Question 4

Biceps femoris (caudal head) insertion

Answer 4

insertion: tibia, crural fascia,
via its tarsal tendon on calcaneus

Question 5

Semitendinosus muscle

Answer 5

insertion: cranial border of
tibia, crural fascia, via tarsal
tendon on calcaneus

Question 6

can the horse independently flex the hock

Answer 6

no

Question 7

how does horse flex/ extend hock

Answer 7

Flexion & extension of hock locked in parallel with stifle by reciprocal apparatus.

Question 8

long digital extensor

Answer 8

• Origin: lat. condyle of femur
• Insertion: Extensor process of distal phalanx;
  secondarily on proximal and middle phalanges

Question 9

lateral digital extensor

Answer 9

• Origin: lat. collat. lig of stifle and nearby tibia and fibula
• Insertion: joins long extensor tendon

Question 10

peroneus tertius

Answer 10

• Origin: Lat. condyle of femur
• Insertion: By 4 branches on all tarsal bones (except T1+2) & on MT3

Question 11

tibialis cranialis

Answer 11

• Origin: Lat. condyle & tuberosity of tibia
• Insertion: Dorsal branches on T3 & proximal end MTIII, Medial branch on T1+2

Question 12

cranial tibial tendon has a branch on medial side called the

Answer 12

cunean tendon

Question 13

extensor retinaculum of hind leg

Answer 13

3 Extensor retinaculums forms multiple bands
of deep fascia covering extensor tendons
* Proximal (tibial) extensor retinaculum
* Intermediate (tarsal) extensor
retinaculum
* Distal (metatarsal) extensor
retinaculum

Question 14

under cunean tendon there is

Answer 14

cunean bursa

Question 15

long digital extensor and lateral digital extensor have their own

Answer 15

tendon sheaths

Question 15

deep digital flexor is actually called

Answer 15

lateral digital flexor and medial digital flexor, only called deep when gets down to tendon, also tibialis caudalis is like fused to lateral digital extensor (tibialis caudalis is more superficial) and they share the same tendon

Question 16

lateral digital flexor

Answer 16

• Origin: caudal surface of tibia with tibialis caudalis
• Insertion: in P3

Question 17

tibialis caudalis

Answer 17

• Origin: caudal surface of tibia with lat dig flexor
• Insertion: in P3
• muscle belly is superifical to lateral digital flexor

Question 18

medial digital flexor

Answer 18

• Origin: lat tibial condyle
• Insertion: in P3

Question 19

the deep digital flexor tendons pass over the

Answer 19

sustentaculum tali. Joins common
deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) in metatarsus

Question 20

deep digital flexor muscles ___ hock and ___ digit

Answer 20

extend
flex

Question 21

POPLITEUS MUSCLE & TENDON

Answer 21

• Origin: lat. condyle of femur
• Insertion: caudomedial
  border of tibia

Question 22

soleus

Answer 22

• Origin: prox. end of fibula
• Insertion: proximal to the
  calcaneal tendon

Question 23

common calcaneal tendon

Answer 23

• SDFT
• Gastrocnemius tendon
• Tarsal tendon (femoral muscles)
• Semitendinous (med)
• Biceps Femoris (lat)

Question 24

superficial digital flexor

Answer 24

Origin: Supracondylar fossa femur Insertion: Calcaneal insertions, P1-P2

Question 25

gastrocnemius

Answer 25

Origin: Medial & lateral heads, supracondylar tuberosities of the femur Insertion: Calcaneal tuber

Question 26

what lies under gastrocnemius tendon

Answer 26

gastrocnemius bursa

Question 27

what lies under superficial digital flexor tendon (inbetween SDFT and gastroc tendon at level of hock)

Answer 27

calcaneal bursa

Question 28

the calcaneal bursa and gastroc bursa always communciate ______

Answer 28

laterally

Question 29

calcaneal bursa and gastroc bursa are congential, but what is another bursa that may be acquired (not congenital)

Answer 29

subcutaneous bursa

Question 30

veins follow arteries except

Answer 30

saphenous vein over tibia on medial side

Question 31

sciatic nerve supplies what muscles

Answer 31

- semimem - semiten - biceps femoris - rotator muscles of hip

Question 32

femoral nerve supplies what muscles

Answer 32

- sublumbar muscles - quadriceps femoris - sartorius

Question 33

obturator nerve supplies what muscles

Answer 33

- pectineus - gracillis - adductor - external obturator

Question 34

cranial gluteal nerve supplies what muscles

Answer 34

- tensor fascia lata - gluteal muscles

Question 35

caudal gluteal nerve supplies what muscles

Answer 35

- superficial and middle gluteal - vertebral head of biceps femoris - semiten

Question 36

common peroneal nerve supplies what muscles

Answer 36

- biceps femoris - flexors of hock - extensors of digits

Question 37

tibial nerve supplies what muscles

Answer 37

- extensors of hock - flexors of digit

Question 38

nerve branches

Answer 38

- sciatic into common peroneal (lateral) and tibial nerve (medial caudal) - common peroneal into deep peroneal and superficial peroneal - deep peroneal into med and lat dorsal metatarsal nerves - medial dorsal metatrsal nerve into medial dorsal digital nerves - lateral dorsal metatarsal nerve into lateral dorsal digital nerve - tibial nerve into lateral medial plantar nerves - lat and med plantar nerves into lat and med digital plantar nerves (both of which have dorsal branches) - lat plantar nerve ALSO goes into lat plantar metatarsal nerve (which goes into lat dorsal digital nerve ) AND medial plantar metatarsal nerve which also goes into med dorsal digital nerve

Question 39

hind has both _____ nerves

Answer 39

plantar and dorsal

Question 40

The arrangement of the digital vessels is essentially identical in the hind limb to that in the front limb However, the hind limb digital vessels have more

Answer 40

collateral circulation contributing to their formation than in the forelimb

Question 41

The arrangement of the plantar digital nerves is essentially identical to that of the palmar digital nerves. BUT the hind limb also has

Answer 41

dorsal digital nerves Important when doing nerve blocks involving the hind limb