horse hind limb anatomy Flashcards
QUADRICEPS FEMORIS
- Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis,
vastus medialis, vastus intermedius - Shorter, fatter than in dogs
- Not needed during rest when
patella locked
HAMSTRINGS similar to dog but with
vertebral attachments (origins)
Gluteofemoralis muscle insertion into
- insertion into lateral patellar ligament
Biceps femoris (caudal head) insertion
insertion: tibia, crural fascia,
via its tarsal tendon on calcaneus
Semitendinosus muscle
insertion: cranial border of
tibia, crural fascia, via tarsal
tendon on calcaneus
can the horse independently flex the hock
no
how does horse flex/ extend hock
Flexion & extension of hock locked in parallel with stifle by reciprocal apparatus.
long digital extensor
- Origin: lat. condyle of femur
- Insertion: Extensor process of distal phalanx;
secondarily on proximal and middle phalanges
lateral digital extensor
- Origin: lat. collat. lig of stifle and nearby tibia and fibula
- Insertion: joins long extensor tendon
peroneus tertius
- Origin: Lat. condyle of femur
- Insertion: By 4 branches on all tarsal bones (except T1+2) & on MT3
tibialis cranialis
- Origin: Lat. condyle & tuberosity of tibia
- Insertion: Dorsal branches on T3 & proximal end MTIII, Medial branch on T1+2
cranial tibial tendon has a branch on medial side called the
cunean tendon
extensor retinaculum of hind leg
3 Extensor retinaculums forms multiple bands
of deep fascia covering extensor tendons
* Proximal (tibial) extensor retinaculum
* Intermediate (tarsal) extensor
retinaculum
* Distal (metatarsal) extensor
retinaculum
under cunean tendon there is
cunean bursa
long digital extensor and lateral digital extensor have their own
tendon sheaths
deep digital flexor is actually called
lateral digital flexor and medial digital flexor, only called deep when gets down to tendon, also tibialis caudalis is like fused to lateral digital extensor (tibialis caudalis is more superficial) and they share the same tendon
lateral digital flexor
- Origin: caudal surface of tibia with tibialis caudalis
- Insertion: in P3
tibialis caudalis
- Origin: caudal surface of tibia with lat dig flexor
- Insertion: in P3
- muscle belly is superifical to lateral digital flexor
medial digital flexor
- Origin: lat tibial condyle
- Insertion: in P3
the deep digital flexor tendons pass over the
sustentaculum tali. Joins common
deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) in metatarsus
deep digital flexor muscles ___ hock and ___ digit
extend
flex
POPLITEUS MUSCLE & TENDON
- Origin: lat. condyle of femur
- Insertion: caudomedial
border of tibia
soleus
- Origin: prox. end of fibula
- Insertion: proximal to the
calcaneal tendon
common calcaneal tendon
- SDFT
- Gastrocnemius tendon
- Tarsal tendon (femoral muscles)
- Semitendinous (med)
- Biceps Femoris (lat)
superficial digital flexor
Origin: Supracondylar fossa femur
Insertion: Calcaneal insertions, P1-P2
gastrocnemius
Origin: Medial & lateral heads, supracondylar tuberosities of the femur
Insertion: Calcaneal tuber
what lies under gastrocnemius tendon
gastrocnemius bursa
what lies under superficial digital flexor tendon (inbetween SDFT and gastroc tendon at level of hock)
calcaneal bursa
the calcaneal bursa and gastroc bursa always communciate ______
laterally
calcaneal bursa and gastroc bursa are congential, but what is another bursa that may be acquired (not congenital)
subcutaneous bursa
veins follow arteries except
saphenous vein over tibia on medial side
sciatic nerve supplies what muscles
- semimem
- semiten
- biceps femoris
- rotator muscles of hip
femoral nerve supplies what muscles
- sublumbar muscles
- quadriceps femoris
- sartorius
obturator nerve supplies what muscles
- pectineus
- gracillis
- adductor
- external obturator
cranial gluteal nerve supplies what muscles
- tensor fascia lata
- gluteal muscles
caudal gluteal nerve supplies what muscles
- superficial and middle gluteal
- vertebral head of biceps femoris
- semiten
common peroneal nerve supplies what muscles
- biceps femoris
- flexors of hock
- extensors of digits
tibial nerve supplies what muscles
- extensors of hock
- flexors of digit
nerve branches
- sciatic into common peroneal (lateral) and tibial nerve (medial caudal)
- common peroneal into deep peroneal and superficial peroneal
- deep peroneal into med and lat dorsal metatarsal nerves
- medial dorsal metatrsal nerve into medial dorsal digital nerves
- lateral dorsal metatarsal nerve into lateral dorsal digital nerve
- tibial nerve into lateral medial plantar nerves
- lat and med plantar nerves into lat and med digital plantar nerves (both of which have dorsal branches)
- lat plantar nerve ALSO goes into lat plantar metatarsal nerve (which goes into lat dorsal digital nerve ) AND medial plantar metatarsal nerve which also goes into med dorsal digital nerve
hind has both _____ nerves
plantar and dorsal
The arrangement of the digital vessels is essentially identical in the hind
limb to that in the front limb However, the hind limb digital vessels have more
collateral circulation contributing to their formation than in the forelimb
The arrangement of the plantar digital nerves is essentially identical to that of the palmar digital nerves. BUT the hind limb also has
dorsal digital nerves
Important when doing nerve blocks involving the hind limb
