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Vets1021: loco > limbs of cattle and pigs > Flashcards

limbs of cattle and pigs Flashcards

1
Q

Ruminants are a sub-order of artiodactyla which means

A

even number of toes

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2
Q

describe bovine loco similarities to horse

A
  • nuchal ligament
  • stay apparatus (but
    less effective)
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3
Q

lacertus fibrosus in bovine compared to horse

A

less well developed

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4
Q

can bovine lock stifle

A

no

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5
Q

cows spend more or less time in recumbency compared to horses

A

more

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6
Q

ulna and radius in bovine

A

entire ulna present (unlike in horses) but fused tor adius

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7
Q

carpal bones difference in bovine compared to horses

A

2nd and 3rd carpal bones fused ie only 2 bones in distal row

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8
Q

gluteal muscles in bovine compared to horses

A

less well developed

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9
Q

hamstrings in bovine lack

A

vertebral heads

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10
Q

is there a femoropubic (accesory) ligament of hip joint in bovine

A

no

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11
Q

Bicipital bursa (distal bursa of biceps femoris muscle)
communicates with

A

femorotibial joint

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12
Q

Patella has three ligaments & parapatellar
fibrocartilage but (true) locking of patella is

A

is pathological (not normal)

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13
Q

Peroneus tertius in bovine

A

present but fleshier (less tendonous)

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14
Q

Distal part of fibula

A

is a separate bone, which is fused with tibia forming lateral malleolus.

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15
Q

tarsal bones in bovine

A

Greater fusion of tarsal bones (centrale and 4th fused 2and3 fused)

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16
Q

talus in bovine

A

proximal & distal trochlea

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17
Q

MC/MC 3 and 4 in bovine

A

developed but mostly fused

Separate proximal to fetlock to form
twometacarpo/metatarso-phalangeal joints that communicate with eachother.

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18
Q

bovine; Each fetlock has paired proximal
sesamoid bones

A

paired proximal
sesamoid bones

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19
Q

bovine; MC/MT 5 is

A

vestigial

20
Q

bovine; MC/MT 2 is

A

absent

21
Q

what digits are fully developed in bovine

A

3 and 4

22
Q

what digits are vestigial in bovine

A

2 and 5

23
Q

Flexor & extensor tendons _____ in distal limb.

A

duplicated

Common/ long DE
muscles have two bellies.
Proximal & distal
interdigital ligaments present - prevent splaying of digits.

24
Q

in fore foot, which claw is larger; medial or lateral

A

medial

25
Q

in hind foot which claw is larger; medial or lateral

A

lateral

26
Q

most of dairy cow lameness is in hind foot or front foot

A

hind foot

27
Q

most of all hind lameness is in sole of ____ claw

A

lateral (larger claw on hind foot)

28
Q

SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT: Divides proximal to fetlocks
into

A

medial & lateral
branches

Each divides again into
abaxial & interdigital
branches that go to each sesamoid bone.

Also axial extensor
branches.

29
Q

each digit on bovine foot has how many nerves

A

4
- dorsal axial & abaxial digital nerves
- palmar/ plantar axial & abaxial digital nerves

30
Q

how to successfully block an entire digit in bovine

A

Need FOUR-point or ring-block to successfully
block entire digit.

AMPUTATION OF ONE CLAW NOT UNCOMMON

31
Q

dorsal nerve of feet

A

superficial peroneal nerve

32
Q

plantar nerve nerve of feet

A

tibial nerve

33
Q

main artery supply to fore foot

A

palmar common digital artery (from median atery)

34
Q

median artery branches

A
  • palmar common digital artery
  • axial palmar digital arteries
35
Q

collateral ulnar & radial arteries branch to the

A

abaxial palmar digital
arteries
axial & abaxial palmar
digital arteries anastomose in terminal arch in each PIII

36
Q

dorsal blood supply in foot from

A

dorsal common digital artery

37
Q

Extensive vascular anastomoses in interdigital space: each digit has dorsal, abaxial and axial artery

which is largest

A

Axial palmar digital artery is the largest & bleeds profusely during amputation

38
Q

arteries in hind foot same as fore foot, except also

A

saphenous artery
- lateral & medial plantar arteries
- axial & abaxial digital arteries of each digit

cranial tibial artery
- dorsal metatarsal artery (main supply hind foot)
- dorsal digital artery for each digit

39
Q

pigs are even toed so they are

A

artiodactyl

40
Q

pigs ulna and fibula

A

Well-developed, weight-bearing

41
Q

Mc/Mt II & V in pig

A
  • present
  • articulate with carpus/ tarsus
  • not fused
42
Q

pigs accessory digits

A

2 and 5

43
Q

pigs hamstrings; do they have vertebral heads

A

yes

44
Q

DDFT in pigs

A
  • FOUR distinct branches
  • accessory digit branches covered in spiral fascia
45
Q

Pigs selected for

A

rapid weight gain (to 100 kg in 5-6 months)

Vets1021: loco (25 decks)

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