limbs of cattle and pigs

Question 1

Ruminants are a sub-order of artiodactyla which means

Answer 1

even number of toes

Question 2

describe bovine loco similarities to horse

Answer 2

• nuchal ligament
• stay apparatus (but
  less effective)

Question 3

lacertus fibrosus in bovine compared to horse

Answer 3

less well developed

Question 4

can bovine lock stifle

Answer 4

no

Question 5

cows spend more or less time in recumbency compared to horses

Answer 5

more

Question 6

ulna and radius in bovine

Answer 6

entire ulna present (unlike in horses) but fused tor adius

Question 7

carpal bones difference in bovine compared to horses

Answer 7

2nd and 3rd carpal bones fused ie only 2 bones in distal row

Question 8

gluteal muscles in bovine compared to horses

Answer 8

less well developed

Question 9

hamstrings in bovine lack

Answer 9

vertebral heads

Question 10

is there a femoropubic (accesory) ligament of hip joint in bovine

Answer 10

no

Question 11

Bicipital bursa (distal bursa of biceps femoris muscle)
communicates with

Answer 11

femorotibial joint

Question 12

Patella has three ligaments & parapatellar
fibrocartilage but (true) locking of patella is

Answer 12

is pathological (not normal)

Question 13

Peroneus tertius in bovine

Answer 13

present but fleshier (less tendonous)

Question 14

Distal part of fibula

Answer 14

is a separate bone, which is fused with tibia forming lateral malleolus.

Question 15

tarsal bones in bovine

Answer 15

Greater fusion of tarsal bones (centrale and 4th fused 2and3 fused)

Question 16

talus in bovine

Answer 16

proximal & distal trochlea

Question 17

MC/MC 3 and 4 in bovine

Answer 17

developed but mostly fused

Separate proximal to fetlock to form
twometacarpo/metatarso-phalangeal joints that communicate with eachother.

Question 18

bovine; Each fetlock has paired proximal
sesamoid bones

Answer 18

paired proximal
sesamoid bones

Question 19

bovine; MC/MT 5 is

Answer 19

vestigial

Question 20

bovine; MC/MT 2 is

Answer 20

absent

Question 21

what digits are fully developed in bovine

Answer 21

3 and 4

Question 22

what digits are vestigial in bovine

Answer 22

2 and 5

Question 23

Flexor & extensor tendons _____ in distal limb.

Answer 23

duplicated

Common/ long DE
muscles have two bellies.
Proximal & distal
interdigital ligaments present - prevent splaying of digits.

Question 24

in fore foot, which claw is larger; medial or lateral

Answer 24

medial

Question 25

in hind foot which claw is larger; medial or lateral

Answer 25

lateral

Question 26

most of dairy cow lameness is in hind foot or front foot

Answer 26

hind foot

Question 27

most of all hind lameness is in sole of ____ claw

Answer 27

lateral (larger claw on hind foot)

Question 28

SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT: Divides proximal to fetlocks into

Answer 28

medial & lateral branches Each divides again into abaxial & interdigital branches that go to each sesamoid bone. Also axial extensor branches.

Question 29

each digit on bovine foot has how many nerves

Answer 29

4 - dorsal axial & abaxial digital nerves - palmar/ plantar axial & abaxial digital nerves

Question 30

how to successfully block an entire digit in bovine

Answer 30

Need FOUR-point or ring-block to successfully block entire digit. AMPUTATION OF ONE CLAW NOT UNCOMMON

Question 31

dorsal nerve of feet

Answer 31

superficial peroneal nerve

Question 32

plantar nerve nerve of feet

Answer 32

tibial nerve

Question 33

main artery supply to fore foot

Answer 33

palmar common digital artery (from median atery)

Question 34

median artery branches

Answer 34

- palmar common digital artery - axial palmar digital arteries

Question 35

collateral ulnar & radial arteries branch to the

Answer 35

abaxial palmar digital arteries axial & abaxial palmar digital arteries anastomose in terminal arch in each PIII

Question 36

dorsal blood supply in foot from

Answer 36

dorsal common digital artery

Question 37

Extensive vascular anastomoses in interdigital space: each digit has dorsal, abaxial and axial artery which is largest

Answer 37

Axial palmar digital artery is the largest & bleeds profusely during amputation

Question 38

arteries in hind foot same as fore foot, except also

Answer 38

saphenous artery - lateral & medial plantar arteries - axial & abaxial digital arteries of each digit cranial tibial artery - dorsal metatarsal artery (main supply hind foot) - dorsal digital artery for each digit

Question 39

pigs are even toed so they are

Answer 39

artiodactyl

Question 40

pigs ulna and fibula

Answer 40

Well-developed, weight-bearing

Question 41

Mc/Mt II & V in pig

Answer 41

- present - articulate with carpus/ tarsus - not fused

Question 42

pigs accessory digits

Answer 42

2 and 5

Question 43

pigs hamstrings; do they have vertebral heads

Answer 43

yes

Question 44

DDFT in pigs

Answer 44

- FOUR distinct branches - accessory digit branches covered in spiral fascia

Question 45

Pigs selected for

Answer 45

rapid weight gain (to 100 kg in 5-6 months)