limbs of cattle and pigs Flashcards
Ruminants are a sub-order of artiodactyla which means
even number of toes
describe bovine loco similarities to horse
- nuchal ligament
- stay apparatus (but
less effective)
lacertus fibrosus in bovine compared to horse
less well developed
can bovine lock stifle
no
cows spend more or less time in recumbency compared to horses
more
ulna and radius in bovine
entire ulna present (unlike in horses) but fused tor adius
carpal bones difference in bovine compared to horses
2nd and 3rd carpal bones fused ie only 2 bones in distal row
gluteal muscles in bovine compared to horses
less well developed
hamstrings in bovine lack
vertebral heads
is there a femoropubic (accesory) ligament of hip joint in bovine
no
Bicipital bursa (distal bursa of biceps femoris muscle)
communicates with
femorotibial joint
Patella has three ligaments & parapatellar
fibrocartilage but (true) locking of patella is
is pathological (not normal)
Peroneus tertius in bovine
present but fleshier (less tendonous)
Distal part of fibula
is a separate bone, which is fused with tibia forming lateral malleolus.
tarsal bones in bovine
Greater fusion of tarsal bones (centrale and 4th fused 2and3 fused)
talus in bovine
proximal & distal trochlea
MC/MC 3 and 4 in bovine
developed but mostly fused
Separate proximal to fetlock to form
twometacarpo/metatarso-phalangeal joints that communicate with eachother.
bovine; Each fetlock has paired proximal
sesamoid bones
paired proximal
sesamoid bones
bovine; MC/MT 5 is
vestigial
bovine; MC/MT 2 is
absent
what digits are fully developed in bovine
3 and 4
what digits are vestigial in bovine
2 and 5
Flexor & extensor tendons _____ in distal limb.
duplicated
Common/ long DE
muscles have two bellies.
Proximal & distal
interdigital ligaments present - prevent splaying of digits.
in fore foot, which claw is larger; medial or lateral
medial
in hind foot which claw is larger; medial or lateral
lateral
most of dairy cow lameness is in hind foot or front foot
hind foot
most of all hind lameness is in sole of ____ claw
lateral (larger claw on hind foot)
SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT: Divides proximal to fetlocks
into
medial & lateral
branches
Each divides again into
abaxial & interdigital
branches that go to each sesamoid bone.
Also axial extensor
branches.
each digit on bovine foot has how many nerves
4
- dorsal axial & abaxial digital nerves
- palmar/ plantar axial & abaxial digital nerves
how to successfully block an entire digit in bovine
Need FOUR-point or ring-block to successfully
block entire digit.
AMPUTATION OF ONE CLAW NOT UNCOMMON
dorsal nerve of feet
superficial peroneal nerve
plantar nerve nerve of feet
tibial nerve
main artery supply to fore foot
palmar common digital artery (from median atery)
median artery branches
- palmar common digital artery
- axial palmar digital arteries
collateral ulnar & radial arteries branch to the
abaxial palmar digital
arteries
axial & abaxial palmar
digital arteries anastomose in terminal arch in each PIII
dorsal blood supply in foot from
dorsal common digital artery
Extensive vascular anastomoses in interdigital space: each digit has dorsal, abaxial and axial artery
which is largest
Axial palmar digital artery is the largest & bleeds profusely during amputation
arteries in hind foot same as fore foot, except also
saphenous artery
- lateral & medial plantar arteries
- axial & abaxial digital arteries of each digit
cranial tibial artery
- dorsal metatarsal artery (main supply hind foot)
- dorsal digital artery for each digit
pigs are even toed so they are
artiodactyl
pigs ulna and fibula
Well-developed, weight-bearing
Mc/Mt II & V in pig
- present
- articulate with carpus/ tarsus
- not fused
pigs accessory digits
2 and 5
pigs hamstrings; do they have vertebral heads
yes
DDFT in pigs
- FOUR distinct branches
- accessory digit branches covered in spiral fascia
Pigs selected for
rapid weight gain (to 100 kg in 5-6 months)
