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Vets1021: loco > muscles of the hindlimb > Flashcards

muscles of the hindlimb Flashcards

1
Q

unlike the forelimb there are no

A

protractors and retractors in hind limb

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2
Q

name the 4 flexors of the hip

A
  • iliopsoas,
  • rectus femoris,
  • sartorius,
  • tensor fascia latae
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3
Q

iliopsoas

A
  • combo of iliacus and psoas major
  • origin; L2-6 (psoas major) and carnio-ventral ilium (iliacus)
  • insertion; lesser trochanter
  • nerve; femoral nerve (iliacus)
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4
Q

rectus femoris

A
  • origin; tuberosity of rectus femoris
  • insertion; patella (+ tibial tuberosity via patella ligament)
  • nerve; femoral
  • parts of quadriceps, but only one to flex the hip
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5
Q

tensor fascia latae

A
  • 2 heads; cranial and caudal
  • origin; tuber coxae
  • insertion; fascia latae (superficial thick fascia covering quadriceps)
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6
Q

2 outwards rotators

A
  • internal obturator
  • external obturator
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7
Q

Internal obturator

A
  • Origin; dorsal ischium and pubis
  • Insertion; trochanteric fossa
  • Nerve; sciatic (NOT the obturator nerve)
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8
Q

name the extensors of the hip

A
  • hamstrings; biceps femoris, semtendinosus, semimembranosus
  • gluteals; superficial, middle and deep
  • gracilis
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9
Q

Biceps femoris

A
  • Origin; ischiatic tuberosity
  • Insertion; patella, cranial border tibia, calcaneus
  • Nerve; sciatic
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10
Q

Semitendinosus (middle hamstring)

A
  • Origin; ischiatic tuberosity
  • Insertion; medial tibia, calcaneus
  • Nerve; sciatic
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11
Q

Semimembranosus (lots of m’s = most MEDIAL hamstring)

A
  • Origin; ischiatic tuberosity
  • Insertion; medial femur and tibia
  • Nerve; sciatic
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12
Q

middel gluteal

A
  • Origin; crest and lateral ilium
  • Insertion; greater trochanter
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13
Q

Gracilis

A
  • Origin; pelvic symphysis
  • Insertion; cranial border tibia, calcaneus (similar to semitendinosus)
  • Nerve; obturator (through pelvis, through obturator foramen, innervate most adductor muscles ie muscles on medial thigh)
  • Note; muscle of grace because it keeps back legs together lol
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14
Q

extensors of stifle (4)

A
  • biceps femoris
  • quadriceps (rectus femoris, lateral vastus, medial vastus, intermediate vastus)
  • tensor fasciae latae
  • sartorius
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15
Q

quadriceps femoris (all 4)

A
  • Rectus femoris (most cranial)
  • Origin; tuberosity of rectus femoris
  • Insertion; patella and therefore to tibial tuberosity
  • Nerve; femoral
  • Lateral vastus (lateral)
  • Origin; proximal femur
  • Insertion; patella and therefore to tibial tuberosity
  • Nerve; femoral
  • Medial vastus (medial)
  • Origin; proximal femur
  • insertion; patella and therefore to tibial tuberosity
  • Nerve; femoral
  • Intermediate vastus (deep to rectus femoris)
  • Origin; Proximal femur
  • Insertion; patella and therefore to tibial tuberosity
  • Nerve; femoral
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16
Q

flexors of the stifle

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • popliteus
  • superficial digital flexor
  • hamstrings (biceps femoris, semtendinosus, semimembranosus)
17
Q

Gastrocnemius (lateral and medial heads)

A
  • Origin; lateral and medial supracondylar tuberosity
  • Insertion; tuber classic (main component of the common calcaneal tendon)
  • Nerve; tibial (innervates all muscles of caudal aspect of lower hind leg)
18
Q

Superficial digital flexor

A
  • Origin; lateral supracondylar tuberosity
  • Insertion; tuber calcis and middle phalanges 2-5
  • Nerve; tibial
  • Note; SDF tendon passes medial to gastrocnemius tendon,
19
Q

biceps femoris with either flex or extend stifle depending on

A

position of leg

20
Q

Flexion of tarsus

A
  • long digital extensor (extensor of digits is a flexor of tarsus)
  • cranial tibial
  • peroneus longus
21
Q

Long digital extensor

A
  • Origin; lateral epicondyle of femur
  • Insertion; distal phalanx 2-5
  • Nerve; peroneal
22
Q

Cranial tibial

A
  • Origin; cranial border of tibia
  • Insertion; proximal Metatarsal 2 (and if MT 1 is present may insert there)
  • Nerve; peroneal
23
Q

extensors of digits

A
  • long digital extensor
  • lateral digital extensor (tiny one)
24
Q

extensors of tarsus

A
  • biceps femoris
  • semitendinosus and gracilis
  • gastrocnemius (and soleus in cat)
  • superficial digital flexor
25
Q

flexors of digits

A
  • superficial digital flexor
  • deep digital flexor (lateral and medial heads)
  • interosseous mm
  • interflexorius
26
Q

Deep digital flexor

A
  • Origin; proximal caudal tibia and fibula
  • Insertion; distal phalanx 2-5
  • Nerve; tibial
  • Note; actually 2 muscles
  • Lateral flexor; flexor hallucis longus
  • Medial flexor; flexor digitorum longus
27
Q

adductor of hind limb

A
  • sartorius
  • gracilis
  • adductor magnus et brevis and adductor longus (often just called adductor)
  • pectineus
28
Q

Adductor magnus et brevis (often just adductor)

A
  • Origin; pelvic symphysis, ischium
  • Insertion; caudal femur
  • Nerve; obturator

Vets1021: loco (19 decks)

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