muscles of the hindlimb Flashcards
unlike the forelimb there are no
protractors and retractors in hind limb
name the 4 flexors of the hip
- iliopsoas: (iliacus and psoas major)
- rectus femoris,
- sartorius,
- tensor fascia latae
iliopsoas
- combo of iliacus and psoas major
- origin; L2-6 (psoas major) and cranio-ventral ilium (iliacus)
- insertion; lesser trochanter
- nerve; femoral nerve (iliacus)
rectus femoris
- origin; tuberosity of rectus femoris
- insertion; patella + tibial tuberosity
- nerve; femoral
- parts of quadriceps, but only one to flex the hip
tensor fascia latae
- 2 heads; cranial and caudal
- origin; tuber coxae
- insertion; fascia latae (superficial thick fascia covering quadriceps)
2 outwards rotators
- internal obturator
- external obturator
Internal obturator
- Origin; dorsal ischium and pubis
- Insertion; trochanteric fossa
- Nerve; sciatic (NOT the obturator nerve)
name the extensors of the hip
- hamstrings; biceps femoris, semtendinosus, semimembranosus
- gluteals; superficial, middle and deep
- gracilis
Biceps femoris
- Origin; ischiatic tuberosity
- Insertion; patella, cranial border tibia, calcaneus
- Nerve; sciatic
Semitendinosus (middle hamstring)
- Origin; ischiatic tuberosity
- Insertion; medial tibia, calcaneus
- Nerve; sciatic
Semimembranosus (lots of m’s = most MEDIAL hamstring)
- Origin; ischiatic tuberosity
- Insertion; medial femur and tibia
- Nerve; sciatic
middle gluteal
- Origin; crest and lateral ilium
- Insertion; greater trochanter
Gracilis
- Origin; pelvic symphysis
- Insertion; cranial border tibia, calcaneus
- Nerve; obturator (through pelvis, through obturator foramen, innervate most adductor muscles ie muscles on medial thigh)
- Note; muscle of grace because it keeps back legs together lol
extensors of stifle (4)
- biceps femoris
- quadriceps (rectus femoris, lateral vastus, medial vastus, intermediate vastus)
- tensor fasciae latae
- sartorius
quadriceps femoris (all 4)
- Rectus femoris (most cranial)
- Origin; tuberosity of rectus femoris
- Insertion; patella + tibial tuberosity
vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius:
- Origin; proximal femur
- Insertion; patella
- Nerve; femoral
flexors of the stifle
- gastrocnemius
- popliteus
- superficial digital flexor
- hamstrings (biceps femoris, semtendinosus, semimembranosus)
Gastrocnemius (lateral and medial heads)
- Origin; lateral and medial supracondylar tuberosity
- Insertion; tuber calcis (main component of the common calcaneal tendon)
- Nerve; tibial (innervates all muscles of caudal aspect of lower hind leg)
Superficial digital flexor
- Origin; lateral supracondylar tuberosity
- Insertion; tuber calcis and middle phalanges 2-5
- Nerve; tibial
- Note; SDF tendon passes medial to gastrocnemius tendon,
biceps femoris with either flex or extend stifle depending on
position of leg
Flexion of tarsus
- long digital extensor (extensor of digits is a flexor of tarsus)
- cranial tibial
- peroneus longus
Long digital extensor
- Origin; lateral epicondyle of femur
- Insertion; distal phalanx 2-5
- Nerve; peroneal
Cranial tibial
- Origin; cranial border of tibia
- Insertion; proximal Metatarsal 2 (and if MT 1 is present may insert there)
- Nerve; peroneal
extensors of digits
- long digital extensor
- lateral digital extensor (tiny one)
extensors of tarsus (think common calcaneal tendon)
- biceps femoris
- semitendinosus
- gracilis
- gastrocnemius (and soleus in cat)
- superficial digital flexor
flexors of digits
- superficial digital flexor
- deep digital flexor (lateral and medial heads)
- interosseous mm
- interflexorius
Deep digital flexor
- Origin; proximal caudal tibia and fibula
- Insertion; distal phalanx 2-5
- Nerve; tibial
- Note; actually 2 muscles
- Lateral flexor; flexor hallucis longus
- Medial flexor; flexor digitorum longus
adductors of hind limb
- sartorius
- gracilis
- adductor magnus et brevis and adductor longus (often just called adductor)
- pectineus
Adductor magnus et brevis (often just adductor)
- Origin; pelvic symphysis, ischium
- Insertion; caudal femur
- Nerve; obturator
