The Passé Composé Flashcards

1
Q

The Passé Composé

How do you form the past participle of regular verbs?

A

With ‘‘-er’’ verbs, take off the ‘‘-er’’ ending and replace it with ‘‘é’’: parler - parlé
With ‘‘-ir’’ verbs, take off the ‘‘-ir’’ ending and replace it with ‘‘i’’: finir - fini
With ‘‘-re’’ verbs, take off the ‘‘-re’’ ending and replace it with ‘‘u’’: répondre - répondu

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2
Q

The Passé Composé

What is the order of words in the negative form?

A

In the negative form, ‘‘ne’’ precedes the auxiliary, ‘‘pas’’ follows it.

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3
Q

The Passé Composé

I didn’t speak, I haven’t spoken

A

je n’ai pas parlé

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4
Q

The Passé Composé

How do you form the interrogative form?

A

The interrogative form can either use ‘‘est-ce que’’ or ‘‘inversion’’ form

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5
Q

The Passé Composé

Did I speak? Have I spoken?

A

est-ce que j’ai parlé?

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6
Q

The Passé Composé

Did you speak? Have I spoken?

A

as-tu-parlé?

est-ce que tu as parlé?

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7
Q

The Passé Composé

How do you form the inverted question?

A

In the inverted question, the subject pronoun is placed after the auxiliary and linked to it by a hyphen. In the third person singular (il, elle, on), the letter ‘‘-t-‘’ is inserted between the auxiliary and the subject pronoun. With ‘‘je’’, it is preferable to use ‘‘est-ce que’’.

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8
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of acquérir (to acquire)

A

acquis

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9
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of conquérir (to conquer)

A

conquis

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10
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of avoir (to have)

A

eu

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11
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of battre (to beat)

A

battu

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12
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of boire (to drink)

A

bu

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13
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of conduire (to drive)

A

conduit

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14
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of construire (to build)

A

construit

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15
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of détruire (to destroy)

A

détruit

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16
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of produire (to produce)

A

produit

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17
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of traduire (to translate)

A

traduit

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18
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of connaître (to know)

A

connu

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19
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of disparaître (to disappear)

A

disparu

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20
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of paraître (to seem)

A

paru

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21
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of reconnaître (to recognize)

A

reconnu

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22
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of courir (to run)

A

couru

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23
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of craindre (to fear)

A

craint

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24
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of contraindre (to force)

A

contraint

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25
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of éteindre (to turn off)

A

éteint

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26
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of feindre (to pretend)

A

feint

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27
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of peindre (to paint)

A

peint

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28
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of plaindre (to pity)

A

plaint

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29
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of rejoindre (to join)

A

rejoint

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30
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of croire (to believe)

A

cru

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31
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of cueillir (to pick)

A

cueilli

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32
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of accueillir (to welcome)

A

accueilli

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33
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of devoir (to have to, owe)

A

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34
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of dire (to say)

A

dit

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35
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of dormir (to sleep)

A

dormi

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36
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of mentir (to tell a lie)

A

menti

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37
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of servir (to serve)

A

servi

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38
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of sentir (to smell)

A

senti

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39
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of écrire (to write)

A

écrit

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40
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of décrire (to describe)

A

décrit

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41
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of être (to be)

A

été

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42
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of faire (to make, do)

A

fait

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43
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of falloir (to be necessary)

A

fallu

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44
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of haïr (to hate)

A

haï

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45
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of lire (to read)

A

lu

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46
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of mettre (to put, put on)

A

mis

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47
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of permettre (to allow, permit)

A

permis

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48
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of promettre (to promise)

A

promis

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49
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of ouvrir (to open)

A

ouvert

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50
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of découvrir (to discover, find out)

A

découvert

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51
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of offrir (to offer)

A

offert

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52
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of souffrir (to suffer)

A

souffert

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53
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of plaire (to please)

A

plu

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54
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of pleuvoir (to rain)

A

plu

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55
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of pouvoir (to be able to)

A

pu

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56
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of prendre (to take)

A

pris

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57
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of apprendre (to learn)

A

appris

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58
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of comprendre (to understand)

A

compris

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59
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of recevoir (to receive)

A

reçu

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60
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of rire (to laugh)

A

ri

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61
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of sourire (to smile)

A

souri

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62
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of savoir (to know)

A

su

63
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of suivre (to follow, take a class)

A

suivi

64
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of tenir (to hold, keep)

A

tenu

65
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of valoir (to be worth)

A

valu

66
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of vivre (to live)

A

vécu

67
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of voir (to see)

A

vu

68
Q

The Passé Composé

Give past participle of vouloir (to want)

A

voulu

69
Q

The Passé Composé

What are the rules of agreement of past participles combined with ‘‘avoir’’?

A

The past participles of verbs using ‘‘avoir’’ as auxiliary to form the passé composé agrees in gender and number with preceding direct object.
The preceding object can be:
- a direct object pronoun (la,l’,nous, les…) f.e.
Il nous a reconnus, As-tu vu la pièce? - Oui, je l’ai vue.
- the relative pronoun ‘‘que’’ and a (feminine or plural) noun which comes before it
La lettre que j’ai écrite est longue.
- the interrogative adjectives ‘‘quelles’’, ‘‘quels’’, ‘‘quelles’’ (+noun) and the interrogative pronouns ‘‘laquelle’’, ‘‘lesquelles’’, ‘‘lesquelles’’
Quels livres avez-vous lus?
- a noun introduced by the exclamatory adjective ‘‘quelle…!’’ (‘‘quels…!’’, ‘‘quelles…!)
Quelle chance elle a eue! (How lucky she was!)
- a noun introduced by ‘‘combien de’’
Combien de fautes avez-vous faites?

70
Q

The Passé Composé

When the past participle of verbs conjugated with ‘‘avoir’’ remains unchanged?

A
  • after ‘‘en’’, ‘‘dont’’ and ‘‘où’’
    Les articles dont j’ai parlé sont sur le bureau.
  • when the past participle is part of an impersonal verb or expression (il y a, il faut, etc)
    La neige qu’il y a eu.
  • when the past participle of ‘‘faire’’ is followed by an infinitive
    La robe que j’ai fait faire.
    -when the past participle is followed by an infinitive and if the action expressed by the infinitive is not performed by the preceding direct object.
    La chanson que j’ai entendu chanter. vs La chanteuse que j’ai entendue chanter.
    -when the past participle of certain intransitive verbs (such as courir, mesurer, etc.) is preceded by an expression of time, weight, distance or amount.
    Les dix kilomètres qu’il a couru étaient un défi.
    L’année qu’il a vécu en France était intéressante.
71
Q

The Passé Composé

Which are the verbs that use the auxiliary ‘‘être’’ to form the passé composé?

A

The following intransitive verbs (most of which express movement or a change of state):
aller
venir (devenir, revenir)

arriver
partir

sortir
entrer (rentrer)

monter
descendre

naître
mourir

passer

rester

retourner

tomber

72
Q

The Passé Composé

What are the rules of agreement of past participles combined with ‘‘être’’?

A

The past participle of the verbs conjugated with ‘‘être’’ listed above agrees in gender and number with the subject.
Elle est née.

73
Q

The Passé Composé

Which are the verbs that can be conjugated with ‘‘être’’ and ‘‘avoir’’, and when it take place?

A

Six verbs among those conjugated with ‘‘être’’ in the passé composé (monter, descendre, sortir, rentrer, retourner, passer) are conjugated with ‘‘avoir’’ when they are used transitively, i.e. when a direct object follows them. In most of these cases, the meaning of the verb will change.
When conjugated with ‘‘avoir’’:
- monter and descendre keep their meaning (to go up, to go down) in some contexts (when followed by a place such as stairs, a street, etc., that someone goes up or down), but have a different meaning (to take sth up, to take sth down) in other contexts (when followed by an object that is being transported up or down)
- sortir, rentrer, retourner change their meaning to take sth out, to take sth inside, to turn sth over
- passer means to spend (time), to take (an exam), to hand (sth to sb), and to have (a good day, a good vacation, etc.)

74
Q

The Passé Composé
I went up to the second floor.
I went up the stairs.

A

Je suis monté au premier étage. (intransitive use)

J’ai monté l’escalier (transitive use)

75
Q

The Passé Composé
He got inthe taxi.
He took the suitcase up to the attic.

A

Il est monté dans le taxi.

Il a monté la valise au grenier.

76
Q

The Passé Composé
They went down to the basement.
They went down the street.

A

Ils sont descendus au sous-sol.

Ils ont descendu la rue.

77
Q

The Passé Composé
She got off the bus.
She took the wine down to the cellar.

A

Elle est descendue de l’autobus.

Elle a descendu le vin à la cave.

78
Q

The Passé Composé
She went out of the room.
She tokk out the garbage can.

A

Elle est sortie de la salle.

Elle a sorti la poubelle.

79
Q

The Passé Composé
I came home late last night.
I took the chairs inside.

A

Je suis rentré tard hier soir.

J’ai rentré les chaises.

80
Q

The Passé Composé
She returned to her country.
She turned over the pancakes.

A

Elle est retournée dans son pays.

Elle a retiurné les crêpes.

81
Q

The Passé Composé
The mailman already came by.
He spent three days in Thaiti.

A

Le facteur est déjà passé.

Il a passé trois jours à Thaiti.

82
Q

The Passé Composé
I passed through the yellow light.
She took the exam yesterday.

A

Je suis passé à l’orange.

Elle a passé l’examen hier.

83
Q

The Passé Composé

Which auxiliary is used to form the passé composé of all pronominal verbs?

A

être

84
Q

The Passé Composé

to enjoy oneself, have a good time

A

s’amuser

85
Q

The Passé Composé

I enjoyed myself

A

je me suis amusé(e).

86
Q

The Passé Composé

you enjoyed yourself

A

tu t’es amusé(e)

87
Q

The Passé Composé

he enjoyed himself

A

il s’est amusé

88
Q

The Passé Composé

she enjoyed herself

A

elle s’est amusée

89
Q

The Passé Composé

we enjoyed ourself

A

nous nous sommes amusé(e)s

90
Q

The Passé Composé

you enjoyed yourself (plural)

A

vous vous êtes amusé(e)s

91
Q

The Passé Composé

they enjoyed themselves

A

ils (elles) se sont amusé(e)s

92
Q

The Passé Composé

I didn’t enjoy myself

A

je ne me suis pas amusé(e)

93
Q

The Passé Composé

you didn’t enjoy yourself

A

tu ne t’es pas amusé(e)

94
Q

The Passé Composé

he didn’t enjoy himself

A

il ne s’est pas amusé

95
Q

The Passé Composé

she didn’t enjoy herself

A

elle ne s’est pas amusée

96
Q

The Passé Composé

we didn’t enjoy ourselves

A

nous ne nous sommes pas amusé(e)s

97
Q

The Passé Composé

you didn’t enjoy yourselves (plural)

A

vous ne vous êtes pas amusé(e)s

98
Q

The Passé Composé

they didn’t enjoy themselves

A

ils (elles) ne se sont pas amusé(e)s

99
Q

The Passé Composé

did I enjoy myself?

A

est-ce que je me suis amusé(e)?

100
Q

The Passé Composé

did you enjoy yourself?

A

est-ce que tu t’es amusé(e)?

t’es-tu amusé(e)?

101
Q

The Passé Composé

did he enjoy himself?

A

est-ce qu’il s’est amusé(e)?

s’est-il amusé?

102
Q

The Passé Composé

did she enjoy herself?

A

est-ce qu’elle s’est amusée?

s’est-elle amusée?

103
Q

The Passé Composé

did we enjoyed ourselves?

A

est-ce que nous nous sommes amusé(e)s?

nous sommes nous amusé(e)s?

104
Q

The Passé Composé

did you enjoy yourselves?

A

est-ce que vous vous êtes amusé(e)s?

vous êtes-vous amusé(e)s?

105
Q

The Passé Composé

did they enjoy themselves?

A

est-ce que ils se sont amusé(e)s?
se sont-ils amusés?
se sont-elles amusées?

106
Q

The Passé Composé

What is the past participle of apercevoir (to notice)?

A

aperçu

107
Q

The Passé Composé

What is the past participle of s’asseoir?

A

assi

108
Q

The Passé Composé

What is the past participle of s’endormi?

A

endormi

109
Q

The Passé Composé

What is the past participle of se plaindre? (complain)

A

plaint

110
Q

The Passé Composé

What is the past participle of se sentir? (to feel)

A

senti

111
Q

The Passé Composé

What is the past participle of se servir? (to help oneself)

A

servir

112
Q

The Passé Composé

What is the past participle of se souvenir? (to remember)

A

souvenu

113
Q

The Passé Composé

What is the past participle of se taire? (to be OU to keep quiet)

A

tu

114
Q

The Passé Composé

Conjugate ‘’s’en aller’’ in the passé composé. (to go)

A
je m'en suis allé(e)
tu t'en es allé(e)
il s'en est allé(e)
elle s'en est allé
nous nous'en sommes allé(e)s
vous vous êtes allé(e)(s)
ils s'en sont allés
elles s'en sont allées
115
Q

The Passé Composé

What are the rules of the agreement of the past participle of pronominall pronouns?

A
  1. The past participle of idiomatic pronominal verbs and of pronominal verbs with passive meaning agrees in gender and number with subject.
    Elle s’est souvenue. - She remembered.
    2.The past participle of reflexive and reciprocal verbs agrees in gender and number with the preeceding direct object. Frequently the direct object is the reflexive pronoun.
    Elle s’est réveillée. (She woke up).
116
Q

The Passé Composé
When is the reflexive pronoun the direct object and when the indirect object, and when the agreement of past participle is made?

A
  1. The reflexive pronoun is a direct object with all those reflexive and reciprocal verbs which, when used nonreflexively, take a direct object (except when a direct object follows the reflexive verb)
    Elle s’est réveillée. - Je réveille a mon père.
    Elles se sont comprises. - Je comprends ma mère.
  2. The reflexive pronoun is an indirect object (with which no agreement is made)
  • when a direct object follows the past participle
    Elle s’est lavée. (In this sentence, no direct object follows the verb. The reflexive pronoun ‘‘se’’ is a direct object. Therefore there is agreement of the past participle with ‘‘se’’)
    Elle s’est lavé les mains. (In thos sentence, a direct object, ‘‘les mains’’, follows the verb. The reflexive pronoun ‘‘se’’ is now an indirect object. Therefore, there is no agreement of the past participle with ‘‘se’’.
    BUT
    Elle s’est les lavées. (In this sentence, the preceding direct object is ‘‘les’’, replacing ‘‘les mains’’ and the past participle agrees with this pronoun.

-with verbs which, when used non-reflexively, take an indirect object
Ils se sont écrit. - J’écris à mon père.
Elle s’est demandé. (She wondered) - Je demande à ma mère.

117
Q

The Passé Composé

When is the passé composé used?

A
  1. To express a past action which was completed at a precise moment or whitin limited period of time.
    f.e. Elle est arrivée il y a quinze jours.
  2. To indicate an action that happened only once, especially with verbs that express events which are generally not repeated such as ‘‘mourir’’, ‘‘naître’’, ‘‘se marier’’, ‘‘avoir…ans’’, etc.
    f.e. Elle est morte des suites d’une longue maladie.
  3. To express an action which was repeated a specified (precise or approximate) number of times.
    Elle est allée deux fois chez le médecin la semaine derniére.
  4. To indicate an action of short duration, or a sudden occurence or change of an action.
    f.e. Elle a ouvert la porte.
  5. To express a series of actions which took place successively, the previous one being completed when the new one starts.
    Je suis venu, j’ai vu, j’ai vaincu.
  6. With ‘‘depuis’’ and ‘‘ça fait…que’’ in negative sentences to indicate an action or situation which has not taken place for a period of time up to the present.
    Il n’a pas plu depuis des semaines.
  7. With ‘‘toujours’’ and ‘‘jamais’’ for actions or situations that occurred repetitievely in the past and continue to do so in the present.
    J’ai toujours voulu être hôtesse de l’air.
118
Q

The Passé Composé

this morning

A

ce matin

119
Q
The Passé Composé
last night (evening hours)
A

hier soir

120
Q
The Passé Composé
last night (night time hours)
A

la nuit dernière

121
Q

The Passé Composé

yesterday morning

A

hier matin

122
Q

The Passé Composé

yesterday afternoon

A

hier après-midi

123
Q

The Passé Composé

the day before yesterday

A

avant-hier

124
Q

The Passé Composé

the other day

A

l’autre jour

125
Q

The Passé Composé

last Monday/Tuesday,etc

A

lundi/mardi, etc. dernier

126
Q

The Passé Composé

last weekend

A

le week-end dernier

127
Q

The Passé Composé

last week

A

la semaine dernière

128
Q

The Passé Composé

last month

A

le mois dernier

129
Q

The Passé Composé

last year

A

l’année dernière

130
Q

The Passé Composé

last summer

A

l’été dernier

131
Q

The Passé Composé

last winter

A

l’hiver dernier

132
Q

The Passé Composé

a little while ago

A

tout à l’heure

133
Q

The Passé Composé

on the…of February / March, etc.

A

le…février / mars, etc.

134
Q

The Passé Composé

at…o’clock

A

à…heures

135
Q

The Passé Composé

when…

A

quand…

136
Q

The Passé Composé

for (+ time period which is finished)

A

pendant (+time period)

137
Q

The Passé Composé

The alarm rang at seven o’clock.

A

Le réveil a sonné à sept heures.

138
Q

The Passé Composé

We went to Japan last year.

A

Nous sommes allés au Japon l’année dernière.

139
Q

The Passé Composé

This war lasted thirty years.

A

Cette guerre a duré trente ans.

140
Q

The Passé Composé

I lived in rome for five months.

A

J’ai vécu à Rome pendant cinq mois.

141
Q

The Passé Composé

He was born in the hospital.

A

Il est né à l’hôpital.

142
Q

The Passé Composé

My parents divorced.

A

Mes parents ont divorcé.

143
Q

The Passé Composé

My son turned ten yesterday.

A

Mon fils a eu dix ans hier.

144
Q

The Passé Composé

I tried to warn you several several times.

A

J’ai essayé plusieurs fois de vous avertir.

145
Q

The Passé Composé

suddenly

A

soudain

tout à coup

146
Q

The Passé Composé

immediately

A

immédiatement

147
Q

The Passé Composé

right away

A

tout de suite

148
Q

The Passé Composé

She opened the door

A

Elle a ouvert la porte.

149
Q

The Passé Composé

I met a friend downtown.

A

J’ai rencontré un ami en ville.

150
Q

The Passé Composé

Suddenly, I got scared.

A

Soudain, j’ai eu peur.

151
Q

The Passé Composé

We called the ambulance right away.

A

Nous avons tout de suite appelé l’ambulance.

152
Q

The Passé Composé

First she bought a ticket and then she left.

A

D’abord, elle a acheté un billet, et ensuite elle est partie.

153
Q

The Passé Composé

I have never liked cats. (And I still don’t)

A

Je n’ai jamais aimé les chats.