The Passé Composé Flashcards
The Passé Composé
How do you form the past participle of regular verbs?
With ‘‘-er’’ verbs, take off the ‘‘-er’’ ending and replace it with ‘‘é’’: parler - parlé
With ‘‘-ir’’ verbs, take off the ‘‘-ir’’ ending and replace it with ‘‘i’’: finir - fini
With ‘‘-re’’ verbs, take off the ‘‘-re’’ ending and replace it with ‘‘u’’: répondre - répondu
The Passé Composé
What is the order of words in the negative form?
In the negative form, ‘‘ne’’ precedes the auxiliary, ‘‘pas’’ follows it.
The Passé Composé
I didn’t speak, I haven’t spoken
je n’ai pas parlé
The Passé Composé
How do you form the interrogative form?
The interrogative form can either use ‘‘est-ce que’’ or ‘‘inversion’’ form
The Passé Composé
Did I speak? Have I spoken?
est-ce que j’ai parlé?
The Passé Composé
Did you speak? Have I spoken?
as-tu-parlé?
est-ce que tu as parlé?
The Passé Composé
How do you form the inverted question?
In the inverted question, the subject pronoun is placed after the auxiliary and linked to it by a hyphen. In the third person singular (il, elle, on), the letter ‘‘-t-‘’ is inserted between the auxiliary and the subject pronoun. With ‘‘je’’, it is preferable to use ‘‘est-ce que’’.
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of acquérir (to acquire)
acquis
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of conquérir (to conquer)
conquis
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of avoir (to have)
eu
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of battre (to beat)
battu
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of boire (to drink)
bu
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of conduire (to drive)
conduit
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of construire (to build)
construit
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of détruire (to destroy)
détruit
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of produire (to produce)
produit
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of traduire (to translate)
traduit
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of connaître (to know)
connu
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of disparaître (to disappear)
disparu
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of paraître (to seem)
paru
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of reconnaître (to recognize)
reconnu
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of courir (to run)
couru
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of craindre (to fear)
craint
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of contraindre (to force)
contraint
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of éteindre (to turn off)
éteint
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of feindre (to pretend)
feint
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of peindre (to paint)
peint
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of plaindre (to pity)
plaint
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of rejoindre (to join)
rejoint
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of croire (to believe)
cru
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of cueillir (to pick)
cueilli
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of accueillir (to welcome)
accueilli
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of devoir (to have to, owe)
dû
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of dire (to say)
dit
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of dormir (to sleep)
dormi
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of mentir (to tell a lie)
menti
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of servir (to serve)
servi
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of sentir (to smell)
senti
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of écrire (to write)
écrit
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of décrire (to describe)
décrit
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of être (to be)
été
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of faire (to make, do)
fait
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of falloir (to be necessary)
fallu
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of haïr (to hate)
haï
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of lire (to read)
lu
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of mettre (to put, put on)
mis
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of permettre (to allow, permit)
permis
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of promettre (to promise)
promis
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of ouvrir (to open)
ouvert
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of découvrir (to discover, find out)
découvert
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of offrir (to offer)
offert
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of souffrir (to suffer)
souffert
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of plaire (to please)
plu
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of pleuvoir (to rain)
plu
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of pouvoir (to be able to)
pu
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of prendre (to take)
pris
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of apprendre (to learn)
appris
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of comprendre (to understand)
compris
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of recevoir (to receive)
reçu
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of rire (to laugh)
ri
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of sourire (to smile)
souri
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of savoir (to know)
su
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of suivre (to follow, take a class)
suivi
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of tenir (to hold, keep)
tenu
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of valoir (to be worth)
valu
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of vivre (to live)
vécu
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of voir (to see)
vu
The Passé Composé
Give past participle of vouloir (to want)
voulu
The Passé Composé
What are the rules of agreement of past participles combined with ‘‘avoir’’?
The past participles of verbs using ‘‘avoir’’ as auxiliary to form the passé composé agrees in gender and number with preceding direct object.
The preceding object can be:
- a direct object pronoun (la,l’,nous, les…) f.e.
Il nous a reconnus, As-tu vu la pièce? - Oui, je l’ai vue.
- the relative pronoun ‘‘que’’ and a (feminine or plural) noun which comes before it
La lettre que j’ai écrite est longue.
- the interrogative adjectives ‘‘quelles’’, ‘‘quels’’, ‘‘quelles’’ (+noun) and the interrogative pronouns ‘‘laquelle’’, ‘‘lesquelles’’, ‘‘lesquelles’’
Quels livres avez-vous lus?
- a noun introduced by the exclamatory adjective ‘‘quelle…!’’ (‘‘quels…!’’, ‘‘quelles…!)
Quelle chance elle a eue! (How lucky she was!)
- a noun introduced by ‘‘combien de’’
Combien de fautes avez-vous faites?
The Passé Composé
When the past participle of verbs conjugated with ‘‘avoir’’ remains unchanged?
- after ‘‘en’’, ‘‘dont’’ and ‘‘où’’
Les articles dont j’ai parlé sont sur le bureau. - when the past participle is part of an impersonal verb or expression (il y a, il faut, etc)
La neige qu’il y a eu. - when the past participle of ‘‘faire’’ is followed by an infinitive
La robe que j’ai fait faire.
-when the past participle is followed by an infinitive and if the action expressed by the infinitive is not performed by the preceding direct object.
La chanson que j’ai entendu chanter. vs La chanteuse que j’ai entendue chanter.
-when the past participle of certain intransitive verbs (such as courir, mesurer, etc.) is preceded by an expression of time, weight, distance or amount.
Les dix kilomètres qu’il a couru étaient un défi.
L’année qu’il a vécu en France était intéressante.
The Passé Composé
Which are the verbs that use the auxiliary ‘‘être’’ to form the passé composé?
The following intransitive verbs (most of which express movement or a change of state):
aller
venir (devenir, revenir)
arriver
partir
sortir
entrer (rentrer)
monter
descendre
naître
mourir
passer
rester
retourner
tomber
The Passé Composé
What are the rules of agreement of past participles combined with ‘‘être’’?
The past participle of the verbs conjugated with ‘‘être’’ listed above agrees in gender and number with the subject.
Elle est née.
The Passé Composé
Which are the verbs that can be conjugated with ‘‘être’’ and ‘‘avoir’’, and when it take place?
Six verbs among those conjugated with ‘‘être’’ in the passé composé (monter, descendre, sortir, rentrer, retourner, passer) are conjugated with ‘‘avoir’’ when they are used transitively, i.e. when a direct object follows them. In most of these cases, the meaning of the verb will change.
When conjugated with ‘‘avoir’’:
- monter and descendre keep their meaning (to go up, to go down) in some contexts (when followed by a place such as stairs, a street, etc., that someone goes up or down), but have a different meaning (to take sth up, to take sth down) in other contexts (when followed by an object that is being transported up or down)
- sortir, rentrer, retourner change their meaning to take sth out, to take sth inside, to turn sth over
- passer means to spend (time), to take (an exam), to hand (sth to sb), and to have (a good day, a good vacation, etc.)
The Passé Composé
I went up to the second floor.
I went up the stairs.
Je suis monté au premier étage. (intransitive use)
J’ai monté l’escalier (transitive use)
The Passé Composé
He got inthe taxi.
He took the suitcase up to the attic.
Il est monté dans le taxi.
Il a monté la valise au grenier.
The Passé Composé
They went down to the basement.
They went down the street.
Ils sont descendus au sous-sol.
Ils ont descendu la rue.
The Passé Composé
She got off the bus.
She took the wine down to the cellar.
Elle est descendue de l’autobus.
Elle a descendu le vin à la cave.
The Passé Composé
She went out of the room.
She tokk out the garbage can.
Elle est sortie de la salle.
Elle a sorti la poubelle.
The Passé Composé
I came home late last night.
I took the chairs inside.
Je suis rentré tard hier soir.
J’ai rentré les chaises.
The Passé Composé
She returned to her country.
She turned over the pancakes.
Elle est retournée dans son pays.
Elle a retiurné les crêpes.
The Passé Composé
The mailman already came by.
He spent three days in Thaiti.
Le facteur est déjà passé.
Il a passé trois jours à Thaiti.
The Passé Composé
I passed through the yellow light.
She took the exam yesterday.
Je suis passé à l’orange.
Elle a passé l’examen hier.
The Passé Composé
Which auxiliary is used to form the passé composé of all pronominal verbs?
être
The Passé Composé
to enjoy oneself, have a good time
s’amuser
The Passé Composé
I enjoyed myself
je me suis amusé(e).
The Passé Composé
you enjoyed yourself
tu t’es amusé(e)
The Passé Composé
he enjoyed himself
il s’est amusé
The Passé Composé
she enjoyed herself
elle s’est amusée
The Passé Composé
we enjoyed ourself
nous nous sommes amusé(e)s
The Passé Composé
you enjoyed yourself (plural)
vous vous êtes amusé(e)s
The Passé Composé
they enjoyed themselves
ils (elles) se sont amusé(e)s
The Passé Composé
I didn’t enjoy myself
je ne me suis pas amusé(e)
The Passé Composé
you didn’t enjoy yourself
tu ne t’es pas amusé(e)
The Passé Composé
he didn’t enjoy himself
il ne s’est pas amusé
The Passé Composé
she didn’t enjoy herself
elle ne s’est pas amusée
The Passé Composé
we didn’t enjoy ourselves
nous ne nous sommes pas amusé(e)s
The Passé Composé
you didn’t enjoy yourselves (plural)
vous ne vous êtes pas amusé(e)s
The Passé Composé
they didn’t enjoy themselves
ils (elles) ne se sont pas amusé(e)s
The Passé Composé
did I enjoy myself?
est-ce que je me suis amusé(e)?
The Passé Composé
did you enjoy yourself?
est-ce que tu t’es amusé(e)?
t’es-tu amusé(e)?
The Passé Composé
did he enjoy himself?
est-ce qu’il s’est amusé(e)?
s’est-il amusé?
The Passé Composé
did she enjoy herself?
est-ce qu’elle s’est amusée?
s’est-elle amusée?
The Passé Composé
did we enjoyed ourselves?
est-ce que nous nous sommes amusé(e)s?
nous sommes nous amusé(e)s?
The Passé Composé
did you enjoy yourselves?
est-ce que vous vous êtes amusé(e)s?
vous êtes-vous amusé(e)s?
The Passé Composé
did they enjoy themselves?
est-ce que ils se sont amusé(e)s?
se sont-ils amusés?
se sont-elles amusées?
The Passé Composé
What is the past participle of apercevoir (to notice)?
aperçu
The Passé Composé
What is the past participle of s’asseoir?
assi
The Passé Composé
What is the past participle of s’endormi?
endormi
The Passé Composé
What is the past participle of se plaindre? (complain)
plaint
The Passé Composé
What is the past participle of se sentir? (to feel)
senti
The Passé Composé
What is the past participle of se servir? (to help oneself)
servir
The Passé Composé
What is the past participle of se souvenir? (to remember)
souvenu
The Passé Composé
What is the past participle of se taire? (to be OU to keep quiet)
tu
The Passé Composé
Conjugate ‘’s’en aller’’ in the passé composé. (to go)
je m'en suis allé(e) tu t'en es allé(e) il s'en est allé(e) elle s'en est allé nous nous'en sommes allé(e)s vous vous êtes allé(e)(s) ils s'en sont allés elles s'en sont allées
The Passé Composé
What are the rules of the agreement of the past participle of pronominall pronouns?
- The past participle of idiomatic pronominal verbs and of pronominal verbs with passive meaning agrees in gender and number with subject.
Elle s’est souvenue. - She remembered.
2.The past participle of reflexive and reciprocal verbs agrees in gender and number with the preeceding direct object. Frequently the direct object is the reflexive pronoun.
Elle s’est réveillée. (She woke up).
The Passé Composé
When is the reflexive pronoun the direct object and when the indirect object, and when the agreement of past participle is made?
- The reflexive pronoun is a direct object with all those reflexive and reciprocal verbs which, when used nonreflexively, take a direct object (except when a direct object follows the reflexive verb)
Elle s’est réveillée. - Je réveille a mon père.
Elles se sont comprises. - Je comprends ma mère. - The reflexive pronoun is an indirect object (with which no agreement is made)
- when a direct object follows the past participle
Elle s’est lavée. (In this sentence, no direct object follows the verb. The reflexive pronoun ‘‘se’’ is a direct object. Therefore there is agreement of the past participle with ‘‘se’’)
Elle s’est lavé les mains. (In thos sentence, a direct object, ‘‘les mains’’, follows the verb. The reflexive pronoun ‘‘se’’ is now an indirect object. Therefore, there is no agreement of the past participle with ‘‘se’’.
BUT
Elle s’est les lavées. (In this sentence, the preceding direct object is ‘‘les’’, replacing ‘‘les mains’’ and the past participle agrees with this pronoun.
-with verbs which, when used non-reflexively, take an indirect object
Ils se sont écrit. - J’écris à mon père.
Elle s’est demandé. (She wondered) - Je demande à ma mère.
The Passé Composé
When is the passé composé used?
- To express a past action which was completed at a precise moment or whitin limited period of time.
f.e. Elle est arrivée il y a quinze jours. - To indicate an action that happened only once, especially with verbs that express events which are generally not repeated such as ‘‘mourir’’, ‘‘naître’’, ‘‘se marier’’, ‘‘avoir…ans’’, etc.
f.e. Elle est morte des suites d’une longue maladie. - To express an action which was repeated a specified (precise or approximate) number of times.
Elle est allée deux fois chez le médecin la semaine derniére. - To indicate an action of short duration, or a sudden occurence or change of an action.
f.e. Elle a ouvert la porte. - To express a series of actions which took place successively, the previous one being completed when the new one starts.
Je suis venu, j’ai vu, j’ai vaincu. - With ‘‘depuis’’ and ‘‘ça fait…que’’ in negative sentences to indicate an action or situation which has not taken place for a period of time up to the present.
Il n’a pas plu depuis des semaines. - With ‘‘toujours’’ and ‘‘jamais’’ for actions or situations that occurred repetitievely in the past and continue to do so in the present.
J’ai toujours voulu être hôtesse de l’air.
The Passé Composé
this morning
ce matin
The Passé Composé last night (evening hours)
hier soir
The Passé Composé last night (night time hours)
la nuit dernière
The Passé Composé
yesterday morning
hier matin
The Passé Composé
yesterday afternoon
hier après-midi
The Passé Composé
the day before yesterday
avant-hier
The Passé Composé
the other day
l’autre jour
The Passé Composé
last Monday/Tuesday,etc
lundi/mardi, etc. dernier
The Passé Composé
last weekend
le week-end dernier
The Passé Composé
last week
la semaine dernière
The Passé Composé
last month
le mois dernier
The Passé Composé
last year
l’année dernière
The Passé Composé
last summer
l’été dernier
The Passé Composé
last winter
l’hiver dernier
The Passé Composé
a little while ago
tout à l’heure
The Passé Composé
on the…of February / March, etc.
le…février / mars, etc.
The Passé Composé
at…o’clock
à…heures
The Passé Composé
when…
quand…
The Passé Composé
for (+ time period which is finished)
pendant (+time period)
The Passé Composé
The alarm rang at seven o’clock.
Le réveil a sonné à sept heures.
The Passé Composé
We went to Japan last year.
Nous sommes allés au Japon l’année dernière.
The Passé Composé
This war lasted thirty years.
Cette guerre a duré trente ans.
The Passé Composé
I lived in rome for five months.
J’ai vécu à Rome pendant cinq mois.
The Passé Composé
He was born in the hospital.
Il est né à l’hôpital.
The Passé Composé
My parents divorced.
Mes parents ont divorcé.
The Passé Composé
My son turned ten yesterday.
Mon fils a eu dix ans hier.
The Passé Composé
I tried to warn you several several times.
J’ai essayé plusieurs fois de vous avertir.
The Passé Composé
suddenly
soudain
tout à coup
The Passé Composé
immediately
immédiatement
The Passé Composé
right away
tout de suite
The Passé Composé
She opened the door
Elle a ouvert la porte.
The Passé Composé
I met a friend downtown.
J’ai rencontré un ami en ville.
The Passé Composé
Suddenly, I got scared.
Soudain, j’ai eu peur.
The Passé Composé
We called the ambulance right away.
Nous avons tout de suite appelé l’ambulance.
The Passé Composé
First she bought a ticket and then she left.
D’abord, elle a acheté un billet, et ensuite elle est partie.
The Passé Composé
I have never liked cats. (And I still don’t)
Je n’ai jamais aimé les chats.