The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Flashcards
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) How many tenses has the infinitive?
the present infinitive and the past infinitive
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) According to the present infinitive endings, what are the groups of regular and irregular verbs?
verbs ending -er, -ir, re
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) How is the past infinitive formed?
The past infinitive is formed with the infinitive of ‘‘avoir’’ or ‘‘être’’ + the past participle of the verb in question.
parler - avoir parlé
arriver - être arrivé(e)(s)
se dépêcher - s’être dépêché(e)(s)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) When is the past infinitive used?
- The past infinitive is used to express an action that ocurred prior to that of the main clause.
f. e. Il regrette d’avoir oublié l’anniversaire de son fils. - The past infinitive always follows the preposition ‘‘après’’ as well as the verbs ‘‘se souvenir’’ and ‘‘se rappeler’’.
f. e. Qu’est-ce que tu vas faire après avoir fini tes études?
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) She is pleased to have received this award.
Elle est contente d’avoir obtenu ce prix.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) I thank you for coming.
Je vous remercie d’être venu.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) I remember living here.
Je me souviens d’avoir habité ici.
or:
Je me rappelle avoir habité ici.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) What are the rules of agreement that apply to the past participle of the past infinitive?
The same rules as in other compound tenses.
f.e. Il a acheté les articles sans les avoir vus.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) I am going to go to bed.
Je vais me coucher.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) After getting up, we took a shower.
Après nous être levés, nous avons pris une douche.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Where is placed an object pronoun in a sentence with regard to the infinitive?
Generally it precedes the infinitive.
f.e. N’hésitez pas à le faire.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) I have something to tell you.
J’ai quelque chose à vous dire.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) I don't remember meeting them.
Je ne me souviens pas de les avoir rencontrés.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) How is the present infinitive made negative?
The present infinitive is made negative by placing both parts of the negations ‘‘ne pas, ne plus, ne rien, ne jamais, ne pas encore’’ before it and before its object pronouns if there are any.
f.e. Il m’a demandé de ne pas être en retard.
BUT
The second part of the negations ‘‘ne…personne, ne…aucun(e), ne pas…non plus, ne…nulle part’’ as well as of the expression ‘‘ne…que’’ follows the infinitive.
f.e. Il a décidé de ne boire que du vin.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) I prefer not to think about it any more.
Je préfère ne plus y penser.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) It is better to say nothing.
Il vaut mieux ne rien dire.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) I cannot do it either.
Je ne peux pas le faire non plus.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Are you sure (that) you don't know anyone?
Êtes-vous sûr de ne connaître personne?
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) How is the past infinitive made negative?
The past infinitive is made negative by placing ‘‘ne pas, ne plus, ne rien, ne jamais, ne pas encore’’ before the auxiliary and before the object pronouns if there are any (current usage), or by placing ‘‘ne’’ before the auxiliary (and any object pronouns) and the second part of the negation after it (literary usage).
f.e. Je regrette de ne pas avoir fini le travail.
or
Je regrette de n’avoir pas fini le travail.
BUT
The second part of the negations ‘‘ne…personne, ne…aucun(e), ne pas…non plus, ne…nulle part’’, as well as of the expression ‘‘ne…que’’ follows the past participle.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) I regret not having finished it.
Je regrette de ne l’avoir pas fini.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) I am sad that I never returned there.
Je suis triste de ne jamais y être retourné(e).
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) The accused swears that he didn't kill anyone.
L’accusé jure n’avoir tué personne.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) She is happy that she made only two mistakes.
Elle est contente de n’avoir fait que deux fautes.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) a one-way ticket
un aller simple
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) a round-trip ticket
un aller-retour
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) the advisor
le conseiller
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) the sunset
le coucher du soleil
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) the homework, assignment
le devoir
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) the lunch
le déjeuner
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) the breakfast
le petit déjeuner
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) the dinner
le dîner
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) a (human) being
un être (humain)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) the bedroom
la chambre à coucher
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) the driver's license
le permis de conduire
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) the (afternoon) snack
le goûter
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) the sunrise
le lever du soleil
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) the power
le pouvoir
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) the laughter
le rire
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) the knowledge
le savoir
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) the know-how
le savoir-faire
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) the manners
le savoir-vivre
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) the smile
le sourire
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) the souvenir, memory
le souvenir
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) the washing machine
la machine à laver
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) the dining room
la salle à manger
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) When can the present infinitive be used as subject or (after c'est) as an object?
To express general truth.
f.e. Voir, c’est croire.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Learning a foreign language is useful.
Apprendre une langue étrangère est utile.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Moaning, crying and praying are all equally cowardly.
Gémir, pleurer, prier est également lâche.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) When can the present infinitive replace the imperative?
In written impersonal instructions and orders addressed to all users (in textbooks, recipes, do-lists, on signs and labels).
f.e. Ralentir.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Shake before using.
Agiter avant l’emploi.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) See below.
Voir ci-dessous.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Take this medication three times a day.
Prendre ce médicament trois fois par jour.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Call the electrician.
Téléphoner à l’électricien.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Mix the sugar and the butter.
Mélanger le sucre et le beurre.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Add the flour and the eggs.
Ajouter al farine et les oeufs.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Don't walk on the grass.
Ne pas marcher sur la pelouse.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Don't lean out of the window.
Ne pas se pencher par le fenêtre.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Enter without knocking.
Entrez sans frapper.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) What if we went to the movies instead of staying at home?
Si on allait au cinéma au lieu de rester à la maison.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) He brushed his teeth before going to bed.
Il s’est brossé les dents avant de se coucher.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) It is better to work (in order) to live than to live (in order) to work.
Il vaut mieux travailler pour vivre que vivre pour travailler.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Which infinitive, present or past, takes ''avant de''?
the present infinitive
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Which infinitive, present or past, takes ''après''?
the past infinitive
f.e. Après avoir fait les courses, elle a préparé le dîner.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) What can I / we do?
Que faire?
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Where to go?
Où aller?
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Why complain?
Pourquoi se plaindre?
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) What for?
Pour quoi faire?
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) How should I say (put) it?
Comment dire?
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) How should I / we know?
Comment savoir?
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Over my dead body!
Plutôt mourir!
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) What form has the second verb in a sentence where two verbs follow each other?
Always infinitive.
- the infinitive follows it immediately
f. e. Il aime lire. - the infinitive is separated from it by the preposition ‘‘à’’
f. e. Il apprend à lire. - the infinitive is separated from it by the preposition ‘‘de’’
f. e. Il refuse de lire.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to adore, love to / ... - ing (without preposition, à, de ?)
adorer (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to like to (without preposition, à, de ?)
aimer (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to prefer to / ... - ing (without preposition, à, de ?)
aimer mieux (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to go / be going to (without preposition, à, de ?)
aller (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to admit to / ... - ing (without preposition, à, de ?)
avouer (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to intend to, plan to (without preposition, à, de ?)
compter (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to wish to (without preposition, à, de ?)
désirer (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to detest, dislike to / ...ing (without preposition, à, de ?)
détester (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to have to, must, be supposed to (without preposition, à, de ?)
devoir (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to take (a person) (without preposition, à, de ?)
emmener (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to hear (without preposition, à, de ?)
entendre (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to hope to (without preposition, à, de ?)
espérer (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to be necessary to (without preposition, à, de ?)
falloir (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to let, allow to (without preposition, à, de ?)
laisser (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to dare to (without preposition, à, de ?)
oser (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to intend to, plan on... - ing (without preposition, à, de ?)
penser (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to be able to, can (without preposition, à, de ?)
pouvoir (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to prefer to (without preposition, à, de ?)
préférer (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to remember ... - ing (without preposition, à, de ?)
se rappeler (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to know how to (without preposition, à, de ?)
savoir (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to seem to (without preposition, à, de ?)
sembler (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to be better to (without preposition, à, de ?)
valoir mieux (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to come (in order to do sth.) (without preposition, à, de ?)
venir (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to see (without preposition, à, de ?)
voir (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to want to (without preposition, à, de ?)
vouloir (without preposition)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) (to do sth) in vain (without preposition, à, de ?)
avoir beau (faire qqch)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to be supposed (to do sth) (without preposition, à, de ?)
être censé
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to almost (do sth) (without preposition, à, de ?)
faillir (faire qqch)
The verb is used in the passé composé only and almost followed by an infinitive to express ‘‘almost’’.
f.e. j’ai failli
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) what's the use / the point of (doing sth), what good does it do to (do sth) (without preposition, à, de ?)
à quoi bon (faire qqch)
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) She likes to sleep late.
Elle aime faire la grasse matinée.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) I am going to get some water.
Je vais chercher de l’eau.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) We saw the plane take off.
Nous avons vu l’avion décoller.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) He doesn't dare to admit it.
Il n’ose pas l’admettre.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) I take you out to dinner.
Je vous emmène dîner au restaurant.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) She heard the baby cry.
Elle a entendu le bébé pleurer.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) I hope to hear from you soon.
J’espère avoir bientôt de tes nouvelles.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) They would like to sit down.
Ils voudraient s’asseoir.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) I hate to be late.
Je déteste être en retard.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) I saw him leave.
Je l’ai vu partir.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) What are you planning on doing this week-end?
Que penses-tu faire ce week-end?
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Do not put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
Il ne faut pas remettre au lendemain ce que l’on peut faire le jour même.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) It is better to laugh than to cry.
Il vaut mieux rire que pleurer.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.
Mieux vaut prévenir que guérir.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) You complain in vain, nobody listens to you.
Tu as beau te plaindre, personne ne t’écoute.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) He is not supposed to know it.
Il n’est pas censé le savoir.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) She almost had an accident.
Elle a failli avoir un accident.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) What good does it do to worry?
A quoi bon s’inquiéter?
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) I was going to call you.
J’allais vous téléphoner.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) I am going to call you.
Je vais vous téléphoner.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) How one expresses the close future or the close future in the past?
aller+infinitive
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to hear of/about
entendre parler de + noun/stressed pronoun
f.e. Je n’ai jamais entendu parler de ce comique.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) I never heard of him.
Je n’ai jamais entendu parler de lui.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) I heard a lot about you.
J’ai beaucoup entendu parler de vous.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to hear that
entendre dire que + clause
f.e. J’ai entendu dire que le chocolat noir est bon pour la santé.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to drop
laisser tomber
f.e. Elle a laissé tomber les clés.
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) Give it up! Drop it! Forget it!
Laisse tomber!
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to help sb to (without preposition, à, de ?)
aider qqn à
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to have a good time / fun, enjoy ... -ing (without preposition, à, de ?)
s’amuser à
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to learn to, teach to (without preposition, à, de ?)
apprendre à
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to succeed in ... - ing, manage to, can (without preposition, à, de ?)
arriver à
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to be unable to , cannot (without preposition, à, de ?)
ne pas arriver à
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to expect to (without preposition, à, de ?)
s’attendre à
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to have (sth) to (without preposition, à, de ?)
avoir (qqch) à
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to have trouble / a hard time / difficulty ... -ing (without preposition, à, de ?)
avoir du mal à
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to try to, seek to (without preposition, à, de ?)
chercher à
The Infinitive (l'infinitif) to begin to, start ... -ing (without preposition, à, de ?)
commencer à