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Regional Anatomy > The nose > Flashcards

The nose Flashcards

1
Q

what are the external openings of the nose called

A

nares (singular naris) or nostrils

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2
Q

what are the two small muscles of the nose

A

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi and nasalis

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3
Q

what is the innervation of the small muscles of the nose

A

facial nerve CN VII

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4
Q

what is septal cartilage

A

cartilage associated with the midline that helps to separate the nose into 2 nostrils

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5
Q

what is alar cartilage

A

cartilage that helps to form the shape of the nostrils

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6
Q

what is the external nose structure composed of

A

bone and cartilage

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7
Q

what is the sensory supply of the bridge of the nose

A

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

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8
Q

what is the sensory supply of the alae of the nose

A

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

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9
Q

what branches of CN V1 supply the nose

A

infratrochlear and external nasal branch of anterior ethmoidal

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10
Q

what branches of CNV2 supply the nose

A

nasal branches of infraorbital

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11
Q

what branches of the ophthalmic artery supply the nose

A

anterior and posterior ethmoidal

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12
Q

what branches of the maxillary artery supply the nose

A

sphenopalatine and greater palatine

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13
Q

what branches of the facial artery supply the nose

A

superior labial and lateral nasal

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14
Q

what are the bones of the nose in the septal region

A

vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid

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15
Q

what bones are found at the most superior parts of the bridge of the nose

A

nasal bones

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16
Q

the lateral wall of the nasal cavity has contributions from what bones

A

maxilla
sphenoid
ethmoid
small part of frontal

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17
Q

what bone forms the concha

A

ethmoid bone forms the superior and middle concha
inferior concha is an individual bone

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18
Q

describe the medial wall of the nasal cavity

A

septal wall that separates the nasal passage

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19
Q

what forms the posterior part of the septum

A

flat piece of ethmoid bone called the perpendicular plate

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20
Q

what bones contribute to the inferior part of the septum

A

vomer
nasal crest of palatine bone
nasal crest of maxilla

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21
Q

what is the posterior part of the nasal cavity called

A

choanae

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22
Q

what comes after the choanae

A

nasopharynx

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23
Q

what opening is found in the nasopharynx

A

auditory tube (one each side)

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24
Q

where does the auditory tube lead

A

nasopharynx to middle ear

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25
Q

what is the function of the auditory tube

A

helps to equalise pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane

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26
Q

the 3 folds on the each lateral wall of the nasal passage are called

A

conchae

27
Q

each conchae has a space under it called a

A

meatus

28
Q

describe the lining of the nasal cavity

A

respiratory epithelium which has cilia and produces mucous to trap any fine airborne particles to filter air
- as air swirls in the nose it passes the olfactory cells in the roof of the nasal cavity facilitating the detection of odour particles

29
Q

what is the function of the concha

A

warm air
filter air
create turbulence

30
Q

what is the space above the superior concha called

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

31
Q

the sphenoethmoidal recess and each meatus is related to tiny holes/passages from where

A

paranasal sinuses

32
Q

what are the large spaces either side of the nose seen on CT

A

maxillary paranasal air sinuses

33
Q

the paranasal sinuses are mucous lined spaces within what bones

A

frontal
maxillary
ethmoid
sphenoid

34
Q

what is the function of the paranasal sinuses

A

lighten skull
voice determination?/resonance

35
Q

describe each of the sinuses

A

frontal - may be 2 separate cavities or 1 large sinus
sphenoid - one in body of sphenoid
maxillary - one large either side
ethmoid - series of small sacs (or air cells) instead of one large space

36
Q

where does the frontal sinus open into

A

middle meatus; ethmoidal infundibulum into semilunar hiatus

37
Q

where do the anterior and middle ethmoidal sinuses open into

A

middle meatus; infundibulum and directly

38
Q

where do the maxillary sinuses open into

A

middle meatus; maxillary ostium into semilunar hiatus

39
Q

where do the posterior ethmoidal sinuses drain

A

superior meatus direct

40
Q

where does the sphenoidal sinus drain

A

spheno-ethmoidal recess direct

41
Q

posterior ethmoidal air cells form what

A

bulge of the ethmoidal bulla

42
Q

the paranasal sinuses are supplied with sensory innervation from where

A

branches of trigeminal nerve

43
Q

each membrane lining of the sinuses can produce what

A

mucous

44
Q

why might mucous build up

A

if small channels to nose are blocked by inflammation

45
Q

what causes sinus pain

A

increase in pressure in sinus due to blockage of small channels to nose causing build up of mucous

46
Q

what is the semilunar hiatus

A

cresent shaped groove just inferior to ethmoidal bulla at middle meatus

47
Q

what supplies sensory innervation to the frontal sinus

A

supra-orbital nerve from CNV1

48
Q

what supplies sensory innervation to the sphenoidal sinus

A

posterior ethmoidal nerve from CNV1

49
Q

what supplies sensory innervation to the ethmoidal sinus

A

nasociliary nerve from CNV1

50
Q

what supplies innervation to the maxillary sinus

A

superior alveolar nerve (CN V2)

51
Q

branches from what arteries supply the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A

anterior and posterior ethmoidal from ophthalmic
sphenopalatine and greater palatine from maxillary
lateral nasal from facial

52
Q

what is the area of the medial wall of the nasal cavity where a large amount of branches of arteries anastomose

A

Kiesselbach’s triangle

53
Q

what branches anastomose at Kiesselbach’s triangle

A

septal branch of superior labial artery
greater palatine artery
sphenopalatine
posterior ethmoidal
anterior ethmoidal

54
Q

what nervous structure can be seen in the roof of the nasal cavity

A

olfactory bulb with communicating olfactory nerves

55
Q

what is the nerve supply of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A

upper portion - CN V1
lower portion - CN V2

56
Q

the upper nasal cavity is supplied by the anterior ethmoidal nerve which is a branch of —- which comes from —-

A

nasociliary
CN V1

57
Q

what ganglion is found posteriorly in the nasal cavity

A

pterygopalatine ganglion

58
Q

what nerves supply the upper mouth / above teeth

A

posterior superior lateral nasal and inferior lateral nasal branches of the greater palatine
nasopalatine
lesser palatine

59
Q

the anterior superior alveolar nerve is a branch of what —- which comes from —-

A

infraorbital nerve
CN V2

60
Q

the nostril area is supplied by what

A

internal nasal branch of infra-orbital nerve from CN V2

61
Q

the nasopalatine nerve is a branch of

A

CN V2

62
Q

the nasopalatine nerve goes through where to reach the mouth

A

incisive canal

63
Q

where do the nasal cavities drain blood

A

facial vein
pterygoid venous plexus
cavernous venous sinus

64
Q

how do processes from the olfactory nerve cells reach the olfactory bulbs and form olfactory tracts

A

they pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Regional Anatomy (36 decks)

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