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Regional Anatomy > Joints of the foot > Flashcards

Joints of the foot Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two arches of the foot

A

longitudinal and transverse

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2
Q

what is the function of the arches of the feet

A

distribute weight
shock absorption
spring boards

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3
Q

is the medial or lateral arch of the longitudinal arch higher

A

medial is higher

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4
Q

how do the arches provide shock absorption

A

forces transmitted through the foot causing it to deform - arches flatten, disipates force

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5
Q

how do the arches act as spring boards

A

elastic recoil from ligaments and muscles resuming shape after deforming provides spring board quality

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6
Q

what are the bones of the transverse arch

A

cuneiforms and cuboid (tarsal arch)
metatarsals (metatarsal arch)

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7
Q

what structures support the transverse arch

A

tendon of tibialis posterior
tendon of peroneus longus
adductor hallucis muscle
deep transverse metatarsal ligament

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8
Q

what structures support the tarsal arch of the transverse arch

A

tendon of tibialis posterior
tendon of peroneus longus

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9
Q

what structures support the metatarsal arch of the transverse arch

A

adductor hallucis muscle

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10
Q

what structures support the anterior arch of the transverse arch

A

deep transverse metatarsal ligament

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11
Q

what are the bones of the lateral arch of the longitudinal arch

A

calcaneus
cuboid
metatarsals 4 and 5

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12
Q

does the medial or lateral arch rest on the ground when standing

A

lateral

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13
Q

what are the bones of the medial arch of the longitudinal arch

A

calcaneus
talus
navicular
3 cuneiforms
metatarsals 1-3

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14
Q

what bone is common to both arches of the longitudinal arch

A

calcaneus

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15
Q

what is the keystone of the longitudinal arch

A

talus

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16
Q

what provides dynamic support for the longitudinal arch

A

intrinsic muscles of the foot
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus

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17
Q

what provides passive support to the longitudinal arch

A

plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament
short plantar ligament (calcaneocuboid)
long plantar ligament
plantar aponeurosis

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18
Q

where is the plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament

A

between calcaneus and navicular just inferior to head of talus

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19
Q

what is the function of the calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament

A

helps support the head of the talus which is the highest point of the medial arch

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20
Q

the long plantar ligament is slightly _______ to the short plantar ligament

A

long plantar ligament is slightly more superficial to short

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21
Q

the weight going through the foot is distributed almost equally by ____ between what

A

trochlea of talus
calcaneus and heads of metatarsals

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22
Q

does the medial arch flatten when walking

A

not completely

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23
Q

what is the large impression on the medial side of the foot from

A

sesamoid bones of 1st metatarsal and head of 2nd metatarsal

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24
Q

what is the function of the sesamoid bones in FHB muscle tendon

A

creates a space for tendon of FHL when walking

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25
Q

what joints make up the transverse (mid) tarsal joint

A

talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints

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26
Q

how many cuneonavicular joints are there

A

3

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27
Q

what is the tarsometatarsal joint formed at the medial cuneiform

A

medial cuneiform to 1st metatarsal

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28
Q

what is the tarsometatarsal joint formed at the intermediate cuneiform

A

intermediate cuneiform to the 2nd metatarsal

29
Q

what is the tarsometatarsal joint formed at the lateral cuneiform

A

lateral cuneiform to 3rd metatarsal

30
Q

what is the tarsometatarsal joint formed at the cuboid

A

cuboid with 4th and 5th metatarsal

31
Q

what is the name of the joint between the calcaneus and the cuboid

A

calcaneocuboid

32
Q

what is the name of the joints between the metatarsals at their bases

A

intermetatarsal

33
Q

what is the name of the joints between the metatarsals and the proximal phalanx

A

metotarsophalangeal (MTP)

34
Q

what is the name of the joint created by the talus resting on and articulating with the calcaneus

35
Q

what is the anatomical subtalar joint

A

between talus and calcaneus - concave posterior calcaneal articular surface on talus and convex posterior articular facet of the calcaneus

36
Q

what kind of joint is the anatomical subtalar joint

A

plane synovial

37
Q

what do clinicians mean when they talk about the subtalar joint

A

combination of the anatomical subtalar joint and the talocalcaneal part of the talocalcaneonavicular joint

38
Q

why is there a difference between the anatomical and clinical subtalar joints

A

anatomical - subtalar joint is a discrete joint
clinical - 2 joints cannot work independently, function as a unit

39
Q

what ligaments support the weak capsule of the subtalar joint

A

medial, lateral, interosseous and posterior talocalcaneal ligaments

40
Q

which of the ligaments supporting the subtalar joint is particularly strong

A

interosseous ligament

41
Q

what forms the transverse (mid)tarsal joint

A

calcaneocuboid joint and taloonavicular joint of talocalcaneonavicular

42
Q

what are the two parts of the talocalcaneonavicular joint

A

talocalcaneal part
talonavicular part

43
Q

the talocalcaneal part of the talocalcaneonavicular joint is what kind of joint

A

plane synovial

44
Q

the talonavicular part of the talocalcaneonavicular joint is what kind of joint

A

ball and socket - head of talus in socket of navicular

45
Q

what are the ligaments of the midtarsal joint

A

bifurcate ligament
dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament
long plantar ligament
short plantar ligament
spring ligament

46
Q

what are the attachments of the bifurcate ligament

A

calcaneus to the navicular and cuboid

47
Q

what are the attachments of the dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament

A

calcaneus to cuboid

48
Q

what are the attachments of the long plantar ligament

A

calcaneus to cuboid and metatarsals

49
Q

what are the attachments of the short plantar ligament

A

calcaneus to cuboid

50
Q

what are the attachments of the spring ligament

A

calcaneus to navicular

51
Q

what is the most superficial of the ligaments of the midtarsal joint

A

long plantar

52
Q

the long plantar ligament creates a tunnel for what tendon

A

peroneus longus

53
Q

what movements occur at the subtalar and talocalaneal part of the talocalcaneonavicular joint

A

inversion and eversion

54
Q

what is the purpose of inversion and eversion

A

maintain balance on uneven surfaces

55
Q

how many muscles are there for eversion

56
Q

how many muscles are there for inversion

57
Q

how is inversion/eversion commenced

A

muscles attaching on midfoot/forefoot cause a twisting movement which causes forefoot and midfoot to rotate on hindfoot at midtarsal joint which starts inversion/eversion as it leads to a tightening of ligaments so force is transferred to calcaneus - forefoot, midfoot and calcaneus rotate under talus at the subtalar joint

58
Q

small sliding movements at the midtarsal joint has what impact on inversion/eversion

A

augments movement at clinical subtalar joint

59
Q

what movements are possible at the tarsometatarsal joints

A

small sliding movements

60
Q

what type of joints are the tarsometatarsal joints

A

plane synovial

61
Q

where are the tarsometatarsal joints

A

anterior tarsal bones (cuboid and cuneiforms) with bases of metatarsals

62
Q

what is the clinical relevance of the tarsometatarsal joints

A

Lisfranc’s joint - site for amputation of part of the foot - quite a straight line

63
Q

what are the tarsometatarsal ligaments that bind the bones together

A

dorsal, plantar and interosseous ligaments

64
Q

what kind of joints are the MTP joints

A

synovial condyloid joints

65
Q

what movements are possible at the MTP joints

A

flexion extension abduction adduction

66
Q

what kind of joints are the IP joints

A

synovial hinge joints

67
Q

what movements are possible at the IP joints

A

flexion and extension

68
Q

what forms the MTP joint

A

head of metatarsal and base of proximal phalanx

Regional Anatomy (36 decks)

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