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Regional Anatomy > Pelvic walls > Flashcards

Pelvic walls Flashcards

1
Q

describe the boundaries of the pelvis

A

anterior, posterior and lateral walls are bony and muscular
inferior boundary (floor) is muscular at the pelvic outlet
superior boundary at the pelvic inlet is open to the abdominal cavity

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2
Q

what makes up the anterior wall of the pelvis

A

pubic bodies
pubic rami
pubic symphysis

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3
Q

what makes up the posterior wall of the pelvis

A

sacrum
coccyx
piriformis

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4
Q

what bones form the pelvis

A

2 innominate bones that articulate with eachother and with the sacrum

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5
Q

why is the anterior part of the pelvis lighter

A

obturator foramen - less bone

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6
Q

why is the obturator foramen almost completely closed

A

by obturator internus, obturator externus and obturator membrane

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7
Q

what is the bony landmark between the greater and lesser sciatic notch

A

ischial spine

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8
Q

the ischial spine is an important landmark for what

A

pudendal nerve

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9
Q

what do the greater and lesser sciatic notches allow

A

passage of nerves, arteries, veins and muscles from the internal surface of the pelvis to the perineum and gluteal region

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10
Q

how do the greater and lesser sciatic notches become foramina

A

presence of ligaments

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11
Q

what kind of joint is the lumbosacral joint

A

secondary cartilaginous

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12
Q

what kind of joint is the pubic symphysis

A

secondary cartilaginous

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13
Q

the iliac blades provide attachment sites for what

A

iliacus anteriorly
gluteal muscles posteriorly

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14
Q

the iliac crest allows attachment for what

A

muscles of the abdominal wall

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15
Q

the ASIS is an attachment site for what

A

sartorius

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16
Q

the AIIS is an attachment site for what

A

rectus femoris

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17
Q

the ASIS and pubic tubercle are attachment sites for what

A

inguinal ligament

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18
Q

the secondary cartilaginous joints at the lumbosacral joint and pubic symphysis allow what

A

cushioning of the stresses passing into the pelvis from the trunk and passing around the pelvic bowl

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19
Q

the sacrum is formed from _ fused vertebrae

A

5

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20
Q

the sacrum articulates with

A

L5 vertebrae, coccyx and ilia

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21
Q

what is the purpose of the sacral foramina

A

sacral nerves pass through the sacral foramina to exit the vertebral column and supply structures within the pelvis and lower limb

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22
Q

what are the two large ligaments that attach to the sacrum

A

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

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23
Q

where does the sacrotuberous ligament pass between

A

sacrum and ischial tuberosity

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24
Q

where does the sacrospinous ligament pass between

A

sacrum and ischial spine

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25
Q

the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments form the posterior boundaries of the

A

greater and lesser sciatic foramina

26
Q

how is the inguinal ligament formed

A

formed by the aponeurosis of the external oblique as it rolls over itself to create the anterior wall and floor of inguinal canal

27
Q

as well as forming the posterior boundaries of the greater and lesser sciatic foramina, what else do the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments do

A

support the posterior wall and floor of the pelvic cavity

28
Q

describe the sacroiliac joints

A

combination of plane synovial joint anteriorly and fibrous joint posteriorly

29
Q

how is the sacroiliac joint supported anteriorly

A

anterior sacroiliac ligament

30
Q

how is the sacroiliac joint supported posteriorly

A

posterior sacroiliac ligament

31
Q

describe the features of the female pelvis that increase the internal diameter compared to the male

A
  • pubic angle at the pubic symphysis is wider
  • ischial spines do not protrude into the pelvic cavity as markedly
  • sacrum is flatter
32
Q

what is the term for the classic female shape at the pelvic inlet

A

gynaecoid

33
Q

what is the term for the classic male shape at the pelvic inlet

A

android

34
Q

what is the term for a more flattened pelvic inlet in the anterior-posterior direction

A

platypelloid shape

35
Q

what is the term for a wider inlet in the anterior-posterior direction

A

anthropoid (similar to the shape seen in apes)

36
Q

what are the attachments of iliacus

A

iliac fossa
joints psoas to form iliopsoas
inserts onto lesser trochanter of femur

37
Q

what is the function of iliacus

A

hip flexion

38
Q

what is the innervation of iliacus

A

femoral nerve

39
Q

what are the attachments of psoas

A

superficial: T12-L4 vertebral bodies and IVDs
deep: L1-5

join iliacus to form iliopsoas and inserts onto lesser trochanter of femur

40
Q

what is the function of psoas

A

hip flexion
bend trunk laterally (one)
raise trunk from supine (both)

41
Q

what is the innervation of psoas

A

lumbar plexus direct branches L2-4 anterior rami

42
Q

what are the gluteal muscles

A

gluteus maximus, medius and minimus

43
Q

what are the attachments of the gluteus muscles

A

attach to pelvic bones but not within pelvic cavity - posterior surface of iliac blades

44
Q

the gluteal muscles act on

A

hip joint

45
Q

what muscle covers the external surface of the obturator foramen

A

obturator externus

46
Q

what are the attachments of obturator externus

A

outer surface of the obturator membrane to the trochanteric fossa of the femur

47
Q

what are the attachments of obturator internus

A

inner surface of the obturator membrane to the medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

48
Q

what is the function of the obturator internus

A

lateral rotation of the hip

49
Q

what is the innervation of the obturator internus

A

nerve to the obturator internus direct from sacral plexus (L5, S1)

50
Q

what muscle covers the inner surface of the obturator membrane

A

obturator internus

51
Q

describe how obturator internus attaches

A

attaches to the obturator membrane then sends its tendon through the lesser sciatic notch to reach the greater trochanter of the femur

52
Q

when seen in the gluteal region, obturator internus is a

A

tendon

53
Q

in the gluteal region, obturator internus is closely associated with

A

the superior and inferior gemelli muscles that lie either side of the tendon of obturator internus

54
Q

the thickened fascia above obturator internus provides an attachment site for the

A

iliococcygeus part of levator ani muscles that form the pelvic floor

55
Q

the obturator internus also acts to support

A

the lateral pelvic wall covering the opening of the obturator foramen

56
Q

what are the attachments of piriformis

A

pelvic surface of the sacrum then passes through greater sciatic foramen to the greater trochanter of the femur

57
Q

what is the function of piriformis

A

lateral rotation of the hip joint

58
Q

what is the innervation of piriformis

A

nerve to piriformis direct branch of sacral plexus (S1, S2)

59
Q

piriformis is a useful landmark inside the pelvis for what

A

useful landmark inside the pelvis as the sciatic nerve and pudendal nerve form on its superior surface

60
Q

piriformis is a useful landmark in the gluteal region for what

A

superior and inferior gluteal nerves and vessels lie either side of piriformis and the sciatic nerve descends from the greater sciatic notch beneath it

61
Q

piriformis also acts to support

A

the pelvic wall by partially covering the opening of the greater sciatic foramen

Regional Anatomy (36 decks)

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