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Regional Anatomy > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the larynx

A

phonation

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2
Q

the main supporting parts of the larynx are composed of what

A

hyaline cartilage

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3
Q

the hyaline cartilage of the larynx communicate via what

A

plane synovial joints

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4
Q

what is the largest cartilage of the larynx

A

thyroid cartilage

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5
Q

what is the adams apple

A

laryngeal prominence

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6
Q

the thyroid cartilage attaches to the hyoid bone via what

A

thyrohyoid membrane

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7
Q

what does the thyrohyoid membrane ensure

A

muscles that elevate the hyoid bone also elevate the larynx

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8
Q

the thyroid cartilage articulates with what inferiorly

A

cricoid cartilage

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9
Q

the thyroid cartilage provides attachment for what muscles

A

sternothyroid and thyrohyoid of anterior triangle of neck
inferior constrictor of the pharynx

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10
Q

the sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and inferior constrictor attach where on the thyroid cartilage

A

oblique line

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11
Q

what part of the thyroid cartilage has a facet for articulation with the cricoid cartilage

A

inferior horn

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12
Q

what shape is the cricoid cartilage

A

signet ring shape

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13
Q

what does the cricoid cartilage articulate with

A

thyroid and arytenoid cartilages

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14
Q

how does the cricoid cartilage articulate with the trachea

A

trachea sits inferior to the cricoid cartilage and is attached by a thickened membrane - the cricotracheal ligament

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15
Q

the arytenoid cartilages articulate with what

A

cricoid cartilage

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16
Q

swiveling of the arytenoid cartilages on the surface of the cricoid does what

A

moves the vocal cords

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17
Q

there are _ arytenoid cartilages

A

2

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18
Q

each arytenoid cartilage has a muscular process for the attachment of what

A

posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

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19
Q

the posterior and lateral cricothyroid muscles act to

A

move the vocal cords

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20
Q

each arytenoid cartilage had a muscular process and what other process

A

vocal process

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21
Q

the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage provides attachment for what

A

vocal cords

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22
Q

what are the tiny pieces of cartilage that attach to and support the aryepiglottic folds between the arytenoid cartilages and the epiglottis

A

corniculate
cuneiform

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23
Q

where are the cuneiform cartilages found

A

within aryepiglottic folds

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24
Q

which cartilage attaches aryepiglottic fold

A

corniculate

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25
Q

how does the epiglottis communicate with the larynx

A

sits over larynx and communicates with it via the aryepiglottic folds

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26
Q

what is the epiglottis composed of

A

elastic cartilage

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27
Q

do any muscles move the epiglottis

A

no

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28
Q

how does the epiglottis stop food entering the larynx

A

it passively bends over the opening of the larynx when a food bolus pushes on its surface

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29
Q

does the epiglottis completely seal the top of the larynx during swallowing

A

no

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30
Q

what are the anterior connections of the epiglottis

A

body of hyoid bone and posterior surface of thyroid cartilage

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31
Q

what are the lateral connections of the epiglottis

A

arytenoid cartilages via aryepiglottic folds

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32
Q

the mucous membrane covering of the epiglottis is reflected onto posterior surface of the tongue forming what

A

median glossoepiglottic fold and lateral pharyngoepiglottic folds

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33
Q

where does the quadrangular ligament pass between

A

arytenoid cartilages and the epiglottis

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34
Q

what does the quadrangular membrane form close to the arytenoid cartilages

A

folds over itself to form a thickened free edge - the false/vestibular vocal fold

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35
Q

what forms the true vocal fold

A

formed from a membrane passing between the cricoid, thyroid and arytenoid

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36
Q

how are the vocal cords formed

A

upper border of the membrane passing between the cricoid, thyroid and arytenoid cartilages folds to form a free edge called the vocal ligament - vocal cord

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37
Q

the free edge of the quadrangular ligament is what

A

vestibular ligament (false vocal fold)

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38
Q

what is the membrane between the arytenoid cartilages and epiglottis

A

quadrangular ligament

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39
Q

what is the membrane between the cricoid, thyroid and arytenoid cartilages

A

cricothyroid membrane

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40
Q

the lower free edge of what forms the false vocal fold

A

quadrangular ligament

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41
Q

the upper border of the quadrangular ligament is called what

A

aryepiglottic fold

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42
Q

what is the function of the vestibular (false) vocal fold

A

protects the true vocal fold beneath it

43
Q

how is sound created

A

true vocal folds are moved in and out (adduction and abduction) to disrupt the flow of air through larynx + the tension in the vocal folds

44
Q

what is the most posterior space between the vocal folds

A

rima glottidis

45
Q

what are the vocal cords like in phonation

A

nearly closed

46
Q

what are the vocal cords like in quiet respiration

A

half open

47
Q

what are the vocal cords like in forced inspiration

A

open

48
Q

how are individual words/sounds created

A

movement of lips, cheeks and tongue

49
Q

what are the external (extrinsic) muscles of the larynx

A

supra and infra hyoid muscles of the neck which attach to the hyoid bone or thyroid cartilage and move the entire larynx - swallowing

50
Q

what muscles are involved in elevation of the larynx

A

digastric
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
(stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus)

51
Q

what muscles are involved in depression of the larynx

A

sternothyroid
sternohyoid
omohyoid (elastic recoil of trachea)

52
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

muscles which will pass between elements of the larynx and move the cartilages or vocal folds

53
Q

what intrinsic muscle sits on the anterior surface of the larynx

A

cricothyroid

54
Q

which intrinsic muscle is the odd one out and why

A

cricothyroid - sits on anterior surface of larynx, others sit on posterior or internal surface and innervated by external laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve and others are recurrent laryngeal

55
Q

what are the attachments of cricothyroid

A

cricoid cartilage to lamina and inferior cornu of thyroid cartilage

56
Q

what is the function of the cricothyroid

A

tense and elongate vocal folds

57
Q

how does cricothyroid cause tensing and elongating the vocal folds do

A

increase distance between the thyroid cartilage and vocal process of arytenoid - thyroid forward and cricoid tilted backwards

58
Q

what is the innervation of cricothyroid

A

external laryngeal branch of vagus CN X

59
Q

increasing the tension in the vocal fold does what

A

change pitch of a sound

60
Q

what are the attachments of thyroarytenoid

A

inner surface of angle of thyroid cartilage to the anterolateral surface of the arytenoid cartilages

61
Q

what is the vocalis

A

upper fibres of the thyroarytenoid that run alongside the vocal ligament

62
Q

what is the function of thyroarytenoid

A

pull arytenoids forwards towards thyroid cartilage = shortens and relaxes vocal ligament

63
Q

what muscle does the opposite of cricothyroid

A

thyroarytenoid

64
Q

thyroarytenoid does what to the vocal cords

A

makes them shorter and less tense

65
Q

what is the innervation of the thyroarytenoid

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve vagus CN X

66
Q

what are the attachments of the posterior cricoarytenoid

A

posterior lamina of cricoid cartilage to muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

67
Q

what is the function of the posterior cricoarytenoid

A

pulls muscular process of arytenoid backwards - rotating vocal process laterally causing abduction of vocal fold

68
Q

what is the innervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid

A

recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (CN X)

69
Q

where is posterior cricoarytenoid seen

A

fills the posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage

70
Q

abduction of the vocal folds causes what

A

airway is opened

71
Q

what are the attachments of the lateral cricoarytenoid

A

upper edge of the arch of cricoid cartilage to muscular process of arytenoid cartilages

72
Q

what is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid

A

pulls muscular process forwards - rotates vocal process medially = adduction of the vocal fold

73
Q

what muscle does the opposite of lateral cricoarytenoid

A

posterior cricoarytenoid

74
Q

what is the innervation of lateral cricoarytenoid

A

recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (CN X)

75
Q

what are the attachments of the oblique arytenoid

A

muscular process of arytenoid cartilage to the apex of opposite arytenoid cartilage

76
Q

some fibres of the oblique arytenoid form what

A

aryepiglottic muscles in aryepiglottic fold

77
Q

what is the function of the oblique arytenoid

A
  • pull the arytenoid cartilages closer together, narrowing the gap between the vocal folds
  • brings the edges of the quadrangular membrane closer together and therefore the aryepiglottic folds
78
Q

what is the oblique arytenoid described as

A

sphincter of the laryngeal inlet

79
Q

what is the innervation of the oblique arytenoid

A

recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (CN X)

80
Q

what are the attachments of the transverse arytenoid

A

posterior and medial surfaces of arytenoid cartilages to opposite arytenoid cartilage

81
Q

what is the function of the transverse arytenoid

A

moves the arytenoid cartilages closer together and helps to close posterior part of rima glottidis

82
Q

what is the innervation of transverse arytenoid

A

recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus CN X

83
Q

what 2 muscles can help to protect the true vocal fold

A

olique arytenoid and transverse arytenoid

84
Q

function of oblique arytenoid

A

sphincter of laryngeal inlet

85
Q

function of cricothyroid

A

tense and elongate vocal ligaments

86
Q

function of thyroarytenoid

A

relax and shorten vocal ligaments

87
Q

function of lateral cricoarytenoid

A

adduct vocal fold

88
Q

function of posterior cricoarytenoid

A

abduct vocal fold

89
Q

function of transverse arytenoid

A

closes rima glottis (posterior)

90
Q

the external laryngeal nerve is a branch of what

A

superior laryngeal nerve

91
Q

the superior laryngeal nerve carries sensory fibres to the inner surface of the larynx via what

A

internal laryngeal branch of the vagus

92
Q

the recurrent laryngeal nerve curves under what on the right and left

A

right - subclavian
left - arch of aorta

93
Q

recurrent laryngeal nerve passes under what constrictor

A

inferior

94
Q

the arteries that supply the larynx originate from where

A

thyroid arteries

95
Q

the thyroid arteries originate from where

A

superior - external carotid
inferior - subclavian

96
Q

the inferior thyroid artery is from

A

thyrocervical trunk from subclavian

97
Q

the inferior laryngeal artery is from

A

inferior thyroid from thyrocervical trunk of subclavian

98
Q

the superior laryngeal artery is from

A

superior thyroid from external carotid

99
Q

the larynx is drained by what veins

A

superior and inferior thyroid veins

100
Q

the superior thyroid veins drain where

A

internal jugular vein on both sides

101
Q

both of the inferior thyroid veins drain where

A

into left brachiocephalic vein

102
Q

the inferior laryngeal veins drain where

A

inferior thyroid to left brachiocephalic

103
Q

lymph drainage of the larynx is to where

A

local paratracheal nodes and deep cervical nodes

Regional Anatomy (36 decks)

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