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Regional Anatomy > Anterior and middle compartment of the thigh > Flashcards

Anterior and middle compartment of the thigh Flashcards

1
Q

what are the rules of movement for the hip

A

follows general rules - if a muscle crosses the anterior surface of a joint it flexes it, but if it crosses the posterior surface of a joint is extends it

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2
Q

what are the rules of movement for the knee

A

opposite to general rules - quadriceps cross anterior surface but they extend the knee, hamstrings cross the posterior surface and they flex the knee

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3
Q

what compartment of the thigh is the smallest

A

posterior

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4
Q

what is the action of the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

flex hip
extend knee

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5
Q

what is the function of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

adduct hip

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6
Q

what is the function of the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

extend hip
flex knee

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7
Q

the fascia in the thigh divides the compartments by forming what

A

intermuscular septa

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8
Q

what is the name of the small indentation on the head of the femur for the attachment of a ligament

A

fovea

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9
Q

what connects the greater and lesser trochanter anteriorly

A

intertrochanteric line

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10
Q

what connects the greater and lesser trochanter posteriorly

A

intertrochanteric crest

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11
Q

which aspect of the shaft of the femur is smoother

A

the anterior aspect of the shaft of the femur is featureless and smooth while the posterior aspect has many features

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12
Q

what is the line on the posterior surface of the femur called

A

linea aspera

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13
Q

what is the line just inferior to the lesser trochanter

A

pectineal line

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14
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

iliacus
psoas major
pectineus
sartorius
quads group (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius)

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15
Q

what are the hip flexors of the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

iliacus
psoas major
pectineus
sartorius

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16
Q

what are the knee extensors of the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

quadriceps muscles
- rectus femoris
- vastus medialis
- vastus lateralis
- vastus intermedius

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17
Q

what are the origins of iliacus

A

iliac crest
iliac fossa
ala of sacrum
anterior sacroiliac ligament

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18
Q

what is the insertion of iliacus

A

psoas tendon
lesser trochanter of femur

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19
Q

what is the innervation of iliacus

A

femoral nerve (L2, L3)

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20
Q

what is the function of iliacus

A

flex hip as iliopsoas

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21
Q

what is the origin of psoas major

A

T12-L5 vertebral bodies and IVDs, lumbar transverse processes

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22
Q

what is the insertion of psoas major

A

lesser trochanter of femur

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23
Q

what is the innervation of psoas major

A

anterior rami of L1-3

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24
Q

what is the function of psoas major

A

flex hip as iliopsoas and flex trunk or raise trunk from supine on its own

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25
Q

when iliacus and psoas major pass towards the lesser trochanter they pass under what

A

inguinal ligament

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26
Q

what are the attachments of pectineus

A

superior ramus of pubis to the pectineal line of femur

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27
Q

what is the innervation of pectineus

A

femoral nerve (L2,3)

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28
Q

pectineus can occasionally receive branches from what nerve

A

obturator nerve

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29
Q

what is the function of pectineus

A

adduct and flex hip
assist with medial rotation

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30
Q

what are the attachments of sartorius

A

anterior superior iliac spine
to the superior part of the medial surface of the tibia

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31
Q

what is the innervation of sartorius

A

femoral nerve (L2,3)

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32
Q

what is the function of sartorius

A

flex, abduct, laterally rotate hip
flex knee

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33
Q

what is the origin of rectus femoris

A

AIIs
ilium above acetabulum

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34
Q

what is the origin of vastus lateralis

A

greater trochanter and lateral linea aspera

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35
Q

what is the origin of vastus medialis

A

intertrochanteric line and medial linea aspera

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36
Q

what is the origin of vastus intermedius

A

anterior and lateral shaft of femur

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37
Q

what is the insertion of the quadriceps muscles

A

form the quadriceps tendon which engulfs the patella and then forms patellar tendon which inserts onto the tibial tuberosity

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38
Q

what is the function of the quadriceps muscles

A

extend knee (rectus femoris also flexes hip)

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39
Q

the quads extend the knee but rectus femoris has another function what is this

A

flexes hip

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40
Q

what is the innervation of the quads

A

femoral nerve (L2,3,4)

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41
Q

which vastus muscle lies deep to rectus femoris

A

vastus intermedius

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42
Q

which quads muscle helps to resist lateral dislocation of the patella

A

vastus medialis

43
Q

what are the roots of the femoral nerve

A

L2 3 4 posterior divisions of anterior rami

44
Q

the femoral nerve passes ___ to the inguinal ligament, ___ to ASIS and on the tendon of _____

A

deep to inguinal ligament
medial to ASIS
on the tendon of iliopsoas

45
Q

what are the branches of the femoral nerve

A

muscular branches supply the anterior thigh
articular branches supply the hip and knee
cutaneous branches supply the anteromedial thigh
saphenous nerve

46
Q

what is the saphenous nerve

A

terminal cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve that supplies the skin of the anteromedial knee, leg and foot

47
Q

what is special about the saphenous nerve

A

it is the only nerve that innervates below the knee joint that is not derived from the sciatic nerve

48
Q

what are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

gracilis
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
obturator externus

49
Q

what is the function of the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

hip adductors

50
Q

what is the exception to the rule that the medial compartment of the thigh are all adductors

A

obturator externus is part of the adductor compartment but doesnt adduct

51
Q

what are the attachments of gracilis

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis to the superior medial surface of the tibia

52
Q

what is the innervation of grailis

A

obturator nerve (L2,3)

53
Q

what is the function of gracilis

A

adducts hip
flexes knee

54
Q

what are the attachments of adductor longus

A

body of pubis to the middle 1/3 of the linea aspera

55
Q

what is the innervation of the adductor longus

A

obturator nerve (L2,3,4)

56
Q

what is the function of adductor longus

A

adducts thigh

57
Q

what muscle is found immediately deep to adductor longus

A

adductor brevis

58
Q

what are the attachments of adductor brevis

A

body and inferior ramus of pubis to the pectineal line and proximal linea aspera

59
Q

what is the innervation of adductor brevis

A

obturator nerve (L2,3,4)

60
Q

what is the function of adductor brevis

A

adducts thigh and may assist flexion

61
Q

what are the two parts of adductor magnus

A

hamstring part and adductor part

62
Q

what is the hamstring part of adductor magnus

A

part that attaches to the ischial tuberosity

63
Q

what are the attachments of adductor magnus

A

ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity to the linea aspera, medial supracondylar line and adductor tubercle

64
Q

what is the innervation of adductor magnus

A

adductor part: obturator nerve (L2,3,4)
hamstring part: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4)

65
Q

what is the innervation of the adductor part of the adductor magnus

A

obturator nerve (L2,3,4)

66
Q

what is the innervation of the hamstring part of the adductor magnus

A

tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L4)

67
Q

what is the function of adductor magnus

A

adducts thigh

68
Q

what is the function of the hamstring part of the adductor magnus

A

adducts and extends thigh

69
Q

what is the function of the adductor part of adductor magnus

A

adducts and flexes thigh

70
Q

obturator externus passes _____ to the neck of the femus

A

posterior

71
Q

what is found in the attachment of adductor magnus to the femur

A

gap in attachment - important for vessels passing from anterior thigh into posterior popliteal fossa

72
Q

what are the attachments of obturator externus

A

margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane to trochanteric fossa

73
Q

what is the innervation of obturator externus

A

obturator nerve (L3,4)

74
Q

what is the function of obturator externus

A

laterally rotates the thigh

75
Q

what are the roots of the obturator nerve

A

anterior divisions of anterior rami of L2-4

76
Q

describe the path of the obturator nerve in the pelvis

A

runs along the lateral wall of the pelvis to the obturator canal

77
Q

the obturator nerve has anterior and posterior branches relative to what muscle

A

adductor brevis

78
Q

the anterior branches of the obturator nerve supply what

A

adductor brevis
adductor longus
gracilis

79
Q

the posterior branches of the obturator nerve supply what

A

adductor magnus
obturator externus

80
Q

the anterior branch of the obturator nerve gives cutaneous supply to what

A

middle part of medial thigh

81
Q

what does the adductor canal run between

A

apex of femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus

82
Q

the adductor canal underlies the distal half of the ______ muscle

A

sartorius

83
Q

what forms the roof of the adductor canal

A

sartorius

84
Q

what forms the lateral wall of the adductor canal

A

vastus medialis

85
Q

what forms the floor of the adductor canal

A

adductor longus

86
Q

what is the contents of the adductor canal

A

femoral vessels and branches of femoral nerve, most notably saphenous nerve

87
Q

how do the femoral artery, vein and saphenous branch of femoral nerve descend the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

inferior to sartorius muscle in the sub-sartorial (adductor) canal

88
Q

the femoral vessels pass through the adductor hiatus to reach what

A

popliteal fossa

89
Q

the saphenous nerve passes between what 2 muscles to supply the skin of the anteromedial knee, leg and foot

A

sartorius and gracilis

90
Q

the femoral artery is a continuation of what

A

external iliac artery

91
Q

describe the path of the femoral artery in the thigh

A

femoral triangle –> adductor canal –> adductor hiatus to become popliteal artery

92
Q

what does the femoral artery supply

A

anterior and anteromedial thigh

93
Q

what is a large branch of the femoral artery in the thigh

A

profunda femoris

94
Q

what 2 branches does profunda femoris give off that wrap around the shaft of the femur

A

medial and lateral circumflex femoral branches

95
Q

the profunda femoris artery is found

A

deep to adductor longus

96
Q

profunda femoris artery gives off 3-4 perforating branches which go through which muscle and wrap around to supply the anterolateral aspect of the thigh

A

pierce adductor magnus

97
Q

the obturator artery comes from what

A

internal iliac artery

98
Q

how does the obturator artery enter the medial compartment of the thigh

A

through obturator foramen

99
Q

what are the branches of the obturator artery

A

anterior and posterior branches

100
Q

the anterior branch of the obturator artery supplies what

A

muscles of medial compartment of the thigh

101
Q

the posterior branch of the obturator artery supplies what

A

muscles attaches to the ischial tuberosity

102
Q

what forms the cruciate anastomosis

A

inferior gluteal artery
medial and lateral circumflex femoral
1st perforating branch

103
Q

what is the advantage of the cruciate anastomosis

A

it gets contribution from inferior gluteal artery which comes from internal iliac so there is an alternative path for blood into the thigh if there is a blockage in the proximal femoral artery

Regional Anatomy (36 decks)

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