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Regional Anatomy > inner ear > Flashcards

inner ear Flashcards

1
Q

how are waves of movement created in the fluid of the inner ear

A

vibration from the stapes at the oval window

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2
Q

what cells are housed in the membranes of the inner ear

A

special hearing and balance

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3
Q

what are the 2 labyrinths in the inner ear

A

bony and membranous

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4
Q

the bony labyrinths are surrounded by what

A

otic capsule

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5
Q

where is the otic capsule located

A

petrous temporal bone

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6
Q

describe the bony labyrinth

A

system of canals filled with perilymph

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7
Q

what is perilymph similar to

A

extra-cellular fluid

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8
Q

the bony labyrinth contains what

A

cochlea
vestibule
semi-circular canals

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9
Q

what is the membranous labyrinth

A

continuous system of ducts and sacs inside the bony labyrinth

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10
Q

the membranous labyrinth is suspended in what and contains what

A

suspended in perilymph and contains endolymph

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11
Q

what is endolymph similar to

A

K+ rich intra-cellular fluid

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12
Q

what is the function of perilymph and endolymph

A

conduct sound vibrations and respond to mechanical forces (movement and acceleration)

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13
Q

the cochlea houses what cells

A

special cells of hearing

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14
Q

vibration is passed from the footplate of the stapes to what

A

membrane of oval window

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15
Q

when the oval window vibrates, a wave of movement passes where

A

perilymph of the scala vestibuli

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16
Q

where does the scala vestibuli ascend to

A

top of the shell shape of the cochlea

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17
Q

what is the name of the scala vestibuli at the top of the cochlea

A

helicotrema

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18
Q

describe the path of vibrations from the oval window

A

movement in perilymph of scala vestibuli, passes in scala vestibuli to top of cochlea (helicotrema) then down other side in scala tympani to base of cochlea at the round window

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19
Q

what happens to vibrations at the round window

A

nothing attached so they dissipate into middle ear

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20
Q

what happens as the wave of vibration passes through the perilymph

A

presses on membranous labyrinth (cochlear duct) which deforms the membrane which is detected by the special cells within the membrane

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21
Q

what is the name of the membrane of the cochlear duct

A

tectorial membrane

22
Q

the cochlear duct lies between the scala vestibuli and

A

the scala tympani

23
Q

what cells in what in the cochlea detect movement and transform it into electrical energy (nerve impulse)

A

cells in the spiral organ (organ of corti)

24
Q

the nerve impulse from the organ of corti is passed where

A

cochlear nerve - part of CN VIII

25
Q

the CN VIII carries impulse to where

A

auditory cortex of brain

26
Q

why are the scala called so

A

stairs - you ascend the vestibular cells to the top of the cochlea and then descend via the tympanic staircase

27
Q

where do the semicircular canals lie in relation to the vestibule

A

posterior and lateral to the vestibule

28
Q

what are the 3 semi-circular canals

A

anterior posterior and lateral

29
Q

describe the shape of the semi-circular canals

A

each canal is 2/3 of a circle and 1.5mm in diameter

30
Q

what are the orientations of the semi-circular canals

A

anterior and posterior are at right angles
lateral is horizontal

31
Q

which semi-circular canal is horizontal

A

lateral

32
Q

what do the semi-circular canals contain

A

semi circular ducts of the membranous labyrinth

33
Q

the semi-circular ducts are continuous with what

A

semi-circular ducts

34
Q

each semi circular duct swells at the end forming a

A

ampullae

35
Q

what is the vestibule

A

area of bony labyrinth that the oval window opens into, which communicates with the cochlea and semicircular canals

36
Q

where do the semi-circular ducts house motion sensitive cells

A

ampullae

37
Q

each ampulla houses what

A

equilibrium receptor called crista ampullaris

38
Q

what does crista ampullaris respond to

A

angular (rotational) movements of the head

39
Q

how long is the vestibule

A

5mm

40
Q

what is found inside the vestibule

A

2 membranous sacs; utricle and saccule

41
Q

what do the utricle and saccule contain

A

equilibrium receptors called maculae

42
Q

what do maculae respond to

A

pull of gravity and changes in head position

43
Q

motion is detected by waves of movement through the endolymph inside what

A

ampullae
utricle
sacule

44
Q

nerve impulses from the receptors in the ampullae, utricle and saccule to what

A

into the vestibular part of CN XIII

45
Q

what are otoliths

A

minute pieces of bone that sit on the receptor cells and move in response to the movement of the endolymph

46
Q

the vestibulocochlear nerve passes from what part of the brainstem

A

pons

47
Q

is the cochlear or vestibular nerve more superior

A

cochlear nerve superior

48
Q

what brain foramen does the vestibulocochlear nerve pass through

A

internal acoustic meatus

49
Q

the main supply to the inner ear is from what

A

internal auditory (labyrinthine)

50
Q

what branches does the internal auditory artery give

A

common cochlear and vestibular arteries

51
Q

the internal auditory artery is a branch of what in 80% of people or what

A

branch of anteroinferior cerebellar artery in 80% of people
or basilar artery

Regional Anatomy (36 decks)

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