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Regional Anatomy > Posterior triangle of the neck > Flashcards

Posterior triangle of the neck Flashcards

1
Q

what are the attachments of platysma

A

from fascia above pectoralis major and clavicle to lateral neck and onto mandible

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2
Q

what is the innervation of platysma

A

facial nerve CN VII

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3
Q

what is the anterior border of the posterior triangle

A

posterior border of sternocleidomastoid

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4
Q

what is the base of the posterior triangle

A

clavicle

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5
Q

what is the posterior boundary of the posterior triangle

A

anterior border of trapezius

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6
Q

what are the contents of the posterior triangle

A
  • external jugular vein
  • roots of brachial plexus
  • accessory nerve
  • some sensory nerves of cervical plexus
  • cervical and supraclavicular lymph nodes
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7
Q

describe the floor of the posterior triangle

A

muscular

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8
Q

what nerve passes from beneath SCM to ascend the neck towards the suboccipital region

A

lesser occipital

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9
Q

what is the path of the lesser occipital nerve

A

passes from beneath SCM to ascend the neck towards the suboccipital region

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10
Q

what nerves supply the skin on the lateral side of the neck and clavicle

A

supraclavicular nerves

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11
Q

what do the supraclavicular nerves supply

A

the skin on the lateral side of the neck and clavicle

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12
Q

what nerve passes from beneath SCM to cross anterior surface of this muscle

A

greater auricular nerve

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13
Q

what is the path of the greater auricular nerve

A

passes from beneath SCM to cross anterior surface of this muscle

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14
Q

what does the greater auricular nerve accompany

A

external jugular vein

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15
Q

what is the route of the lesser occipital nerve

A

C2

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16
Q

what is the route of the greater auricular nerve

A

C2 C3

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17
Q

what are the 3 supraclavicular nerves

A

lateral
intermediate and medial

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18
Q

what is the route of the lateral supraclavicular nerve

A

C3 4

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19
Q

what is the route of the intermediate supraclavicular nerve

A

C3 4

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20
Q

what is the route of the medial supraclavicular nerve

A

C3 4

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21
Q

what is the route of the transverse cervical nerve

A

C2 3

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22
Q

what nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to back of the head

A

greater occipital

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23
Q

what nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to back of the neck

A

posterior rami of C3-5

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24
Q

what nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to behind the ear

A

lesser occipital

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25
Q

what nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to lobe of ear and below ear

A

greater auricular

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26
Q

what nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to lateral neck and clavicle

A

supra-clavicular

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27
Q

what nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to anterolateral neck

A

transverse cutaneous nerves of neck (C2 3)

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28
Q

the external jugular vein is formed by the union of

A

posterior auricular vein and posterior division of the retromandibular vein

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29
Q

the external jugular vein crosses anterior surface of ___ to pass into the posterior triangle

A

crosses anterior surface of SCM to pass into the posterior triangle

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30
Q

the external jugular vein crosses the anterior surface of SCM to pass into the posterior triangle and cross ___ surface of ___ to reach the ___ vein deep in the root of the neck

A

cross anterior surface of posterior belly of omohyoid to reach the subclavian vein deep in the root of the neck

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31
Q

what is the route of the external jugular vein

A

crosses anterior surface of SCM to pass into the posterior triangle and cross anterior surface of posterior belly of omohyoid to reach the subclavian vein deep in the root of the neck

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32
Q

the internal jugular vein lies _____ to SCM in what triangle

A

posterior to SCM in anterior triangle

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33
Q

what vein may be in the midline or may be absent

A

anterior jugular midline

34
Q

what nerve can be seen near the posterior boundary of the posterior triangle passing between SCM and trapezius

A

spinal accessory nerve CN XI

35
Q

what does spinal accessory nerve supply

A

trapezius and sternocleidomastoid with motor innervation

36
Q

where does the external jugular vein start and stop

A

angle of mandible to subclavian vein

37
Q

what muscle is found crossing the posterior triangle deep

A

posterior belly of omohyoid

38
Q

what small vessels cross the posterior triangle immediately posterior to omohyoid

A

transverse cervical and suprascapular vessels

39
Q

what else is found deep in the posterior triangle

A

roots of the brachial plexus and phrenic nerve

40
Q

what are the roots of the phrenic nerve

A

C3 4 5

41
Q

the phrenic nerve crosses the anterior surface of what muscle

A

anterior scalene in the root of the neck

42
Q

what are the roots of the brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

43
Q

what is the path of the roots of the brachial plexus

A

arise from C5-T1 and cross through the posterior triangle to pass under the clavicle and into axilla

44
Q

what triangle does SCM lie in

A

neither - forms boundary between

45
Q

what are the attachments of SCM

A

mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line, clavicle and sternum (clavicular head and sternal head)

46
Q

what gives motor innervation to SCM

A

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

47
Q

what gives proprioceptive innervation to SCM

A

cervical plexus C2 C3

48
Q

what structures cross SCM

A

external jugular vein and the greater auricular nerve

49
Q

lateral flexion brings the head in what direction

A

closer to the shoulder

50
Q

extension pulls the head in what direction

A

backwards

51
Q

flexion brings the head in what direction

A

chin to chest

52
Q

what movements can SCM create

A
  • lateral flexion with rotation
  • extension at atlanto-occipital joints
  • flexion of cervical vertebrae
53
Q

what are the 3 parts of trapezius

A

superior part - descending part
middle part - transverse part
inferior part - ascending part

54
Q

what is the function of the descending (superior) part of trapezius

A

elevate scapular, rotate glenoid cavity

55
Q

what is the function of the transverse part of the trapezius

A

retract scapula

56
Q

what is the function of the ascending (inferior) part of trapezius

A

depress scapula

57
Q

what is the motor innervation of trapezius

A

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

58
Q

what is the proprioceptive innervation of trapezius

A

cervical plexus C3 C4

59
Q

what is the function of trapezius

A

holds scapula in place - weightlifting

60
Q

what are the attachments of trapezius

A

Superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12 to lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

61
Q

the posterior belly of what muscle passes through the posterior triangle

A

omohyoid

62
Q

what forms the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

splenius capitis
levator scapulae
middle scalene
anterior scalene

63
Q

what is the function of omohyoid

A

depress hyoid bone

64
Q

what innervates the omohyoid bone

A

ansa cervicalis

65
Q

what is the function of splenius capitis

A

extend and rotate neck

66
Q

what is the inneration of splenius capitis

A

dorsal rami of middle cervical nerves

67
Q

what are the attachments of levator scapulae

A

Transverse processes of atlas and axis, 3rd and 4th Cervical vertebrae to medial scapular border between superior angle and medial end of scapular spine

68
Q

what is the function of levator scapulae

A

help control scapular position
elevate shoulder (with trapezius)
when shoulder is fixed levator scapulae can laterally flex the neck to the same side

69
Q

when the shoulder is fixed what can levator scapulae do

A

laterally flex the neck to same side

70
Q

what is the innervation of the levator scapulae

A

direct C3 4 5 via dorsal scapular nerve

71
Q

what is the function of the scalene muscles

A

flex neck (bilateral)
tilt head to same side (unilateral)
elevate upper ribs

72
Q

what are the attachments of the scalenes as a whole

A

transverse processes of cervical vertebra to ribs 1 and 2

73
Q

what are the attachments of anterior scalene

A

transverse processes of C3-6 to scalene tubercle on rib 1

74
Q

what are the attachments of middle scalene

A

transverse processes of C2-7 to rib 1 behind subclavian artery groove

75
Q

what are the attachments of posterior scalene

A

transverse processes of C4-6 to rib 2

76
Q

what is the innervation of anterior scalene

A

anterior rami C4-7

77
Q

what is the innervation of middle scalene

A

anterior rami C3-7

78
Q

what is the innervation of posterior scalene

A

anterior rami C5-7

79
Q

where do the roots of the brachial plexus lie in the posterior triangle

A

between anterior and middle scalene

80
Q

why is posterior scalene harder to see in dissection

A

partially obscured by middle scalene

81
Q

what crosses anterior scalene

A

phrenic nerve

Regional Anatomy (36 decks)

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