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Regional Anatomy > Male pelvic contents and anal triangle > Flashcards

Male pelvic contents and anal triangle Flashcards

1
Q

what is the vas deferens

A

smooth muscle tube that transports sperm from the testis to the ejaculatory duct and so into the urethra

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2
Q

describe the path of the vas deferens to the pelvis

A

passes in the spermatic cord through the superficial inguinal ring, along the inguinal canal and through the deep inguinal ring into the pelvis

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3
Q

describe the path of the vas deferens in the pelvis

A

crosses the lateral wall of the pelvis to descend towards the seminal vesicles at the posterior surface of the bladder

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4
Q

how is the ejaculatory duct formed

A

vas deferens joins with a duct from the seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct within the prostate gland

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5
Q

the sperm from the vas deferens receives what from the seminal vesicle and prostate gland

A

fluid

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6
Q

the sperm will receive fluid from the seminal vesicle and prostate gland and will also receive what

A

secretions from the bulbourethral glands in the deep perineal pouch

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7
Q

what might the vas deferens be confused with in dissection

A

ureter - both smooth muscle tubes passing towards the bladder

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8
Q

describe the path of the ureter in the pelvis

A

passes into the pelvis from the abdomen and crosses the bifurcation of the common iliac vessels before descending towards the base of the bladder

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9
Q

the ureter crosses the bifurcation of what

A

common iliac vessels

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10
Q

the vas deferens crosses the lateral wall of the pelvis over what vessels to descend towards the seminal vesicles

A

over the external iliac vessels

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11
Q

describe the structure of the seminal vesicles

A

appear to be small lumpy structures but are actually highly coiled tubes - long tube similar to the vas deferens but coiled around itself and held together wrapped in connective tissue

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12
Q

where do the seminal vesicles lie

A

posterior to the bladder in males

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13
Q

what is the function of the seminal vesicles

A

secrete fluid to increase the liquid component of semen and also support sperm

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14
Q

give an example of a component of the seminal fluid

A

fructose - acts as a source of energy for the sperm

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15
Q

the distal end of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles are supplied by what arteries

A

branches of anterior division of internal iliac artery - inferior vesical and prostatic arteries

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16
Q

the prostatic artery is a branch of

A

inferior vesical artery

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17
Q

the inferior vesical arteries also supply the

A

bladder and distal part of the ureters in a male

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18
Q

where is the prostate gland located

A

sits between the bladder and the pelvic floor - inferior to bladder

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19
Q

describe the prostate gland

A

small walnut sized structure

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20
Q

what does the prostate gland add to sperm

A

fluid to increase liquid component of semen and helps to support sperm - proteolytic enzymes and acid phosphatase

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21
Q

why is the prostatic fluid alkaline

A

helps to neutralise acid environment of vagina

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22
Q

the prostate gland is often described as what

A

5 incompletely divided lobes

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23
Q

the prostate gland is surrounded by

A

capsule of connective tissue

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24
Q

the capsule of connective tissue surrounding the prostate gland contains what

A

venous plexus that drains blood towards the internal iliac veins

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25
Q

the prostatic venous plexus also has many communications with what

A

communications with vertebral veins

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26
Q

what is the significance of the communication of the prostatic venous plexus and the vertebral veins

A

mets of prostatic carcinoma can go to the lower vertebral column

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27
Q

the prostate gland receives what ducts

A

ejaculatory ducts and has the urethra passing through

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28
Q

the prostate gland is supplied by what arteries

A

internal pudendal
middle rectal
inferior vesical

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29
Q

what veins drain the prostate gland

A

veins - deep dorsal of penis - plexus - internal iliac

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30
Q

what supports the prostate gland

A

puboprostatic ligament and muscles of pelvic floor

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31
Q

what part of the pelvic floor mainly supports the prostate gland

A

pubococcygeus (part of levator ani) forms a muscular support called puboprostaticus or levatore prostatae

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32
Q

benign enlargement of the prostate gland usually affects what lobe

A

all

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33
Q

how can changes to the prostate gland be detected

A

PR exam

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34
Q

why are urine infections increased in prostatic hypertrophy

A

if the urethra is compressed or distorted small pouches can form in the bladder in which urine sits

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35
Q

lymph from the testes drains where

A

aortic nodes at root of testicular artery @ L2

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36
Q

the skin of the penis and wall of scrotum drain lymph where

A

superficial inguinal nodes

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37
Q

much of the lymph from the lower parts of the bladder, seminal vesicles, prostate gland and erectile tissues of the penis passes where

A

lymph nodes clustered around the internal iliac artery

38
Q

distal parts of the penis will drain lymph where

A

deep inguinal nodes

39
Q

what are the crura

A

erectile tissues that form the corpora carvernosa of the penis

40
Q

what is the fat-filled space either side of the anal canal called

A

ischioanal fossa (ishiorectal fossa)

41
Q

what is the anal triangle

A

area found in males and females in the perineum

42
Q

what are the lines of the anal triangle

A

imaginary line between the ischial tuberosities (base of the triangle) and the coccyx (apex of the triangle)

43
Q

when does the rectum become the anal canal

A

as it pierves the pelvic floor in the anal triangle (tip of coccyx)

44
Q

what is the opposing triangle to the anal triangle

A

urogenital triangle

45
Q

what are the spaces either side of the rectum called

A

ischiorectal (ischioanal) fossae

46
Q

what forms the walls of the ischioanal fossa

A

ischial tuberosity, rectum/anal canal

47
Q

what forms the roof of the ischioanal fossa

A

levator ani (pelvic diaphragm)

48
Q

what forms the floor of the ischioanal fossa

A

skin

49
Q

what are the contents of the ischioanal fossa

A

branches of the pudendal nerve, artery, vein and adipose tissue

50
Q

the anal canal is surrounded by the

A

external anal sphincter

51
Q

what supplies the external anal sphincter

A

branch of the pudendal nerve - the inferior rectal nerve

52
Q

the wall of the rectum and anal canal is supplied by what artery

A

inferior rectal artery

53
Q

the inferior rectal artery is a branch of what

A

internal pudendal artery

54
Q

what is the function of the fat that is the main component of the ischioanal fossa

A

supports the neurovascular structures and allows expansion of anal canal during expulsion of faeces

55
Q

the perineal nerve is a branch of what

A

pudendal nerve

56
Q

where does the perineal nerve pass

A

close to ischial tuberosity

57
Q

the perineal nerve passes close to the ischial tuberosity accompanied by

A

internal pudendal artery

58
Q

what structures cross the ischioanal fossa towards the external anal sphincter

A

inferior rectal vessels and nerves

59
Q

the small internal folds of the anal canal are called

A

anal columns

60
Q

the anal columns contain

A

tiny branches of the superior rectal vessels

61
Q

what controls involuntary internal anal sphincter

A

wall of anal canal

62
Q

what controls the voluntary control of defaecation

A

skeletal muscle that surrounds the opening of the anal canal - the external anal sphincter

63
Q

the rectum becomes the anal canal when

A

it pierces the pelvic floor

64
Q

the EAS is

A

skeletal muscle

65
Q

the IAS is

A

smooth muscle

66
Q

the anal columns contain

A

a terminal radicle of the superior rectal vessels, anal sinus related

67
Q

the EAS wraps around the opening of the anal canal by passing between what

A

anococcygeal ligament and the perineal body

68
Q

what is the perineal body

A

small, dense structure composed of connective tissue that lies at the edge of the urogenital diaphragm

69
Q

what is the function of the perineal body

A

provides attachment to muscles of the perineum in addition to the EAS

70
Q

the IAS is under what control

A

involuntary - opens as rectum fills

71
Q

the EAS is under what control

A

voluntary - via the pudendal nerve (S2-4) inferior rectal branch

72
Q

what aids the EAS

A

puborectalis

73
Q

what is puborectalis

A

part of pelvis floor muscles that aids the EAS by bending the rectum to slow the passage of faeces and help maintain continence

74
Q

innervation of the EAS

A

pudendal nerve (S2-4) inferior rectal branch

75
Q

the EAS is divided into what by connective tissue

A

deep, superficial and subcutaneous parts

76
Q

what forms an internal venous rectal plexus superficial to the IAS

A

inferior rectal vein

77
Q

what is the pectinate line

A

line at the base of the anal columns that is an important landmark for the end of the visceral (internal) part of the digestive tract and the start of the parietal (body wall) structures

78
Q

what is the anocutaneous line

A

aka white line
transition to true skin

79
Q

describe the blood supply of the rectum

A

superior rectal artery from IMA
middle rectal arteries from internal iliac
inferior rectal arteries from internal pudendal

80
Q

what artery supplies the wall of the anal canal

A

inferior rectal arteries

81
Q

what arteries lie within the anal columns

A

end of the superior rectal arteries lie within the anal columns on the internal surface of the canal

82
Q

above the pectinate line what is the innervation

A

visceral motor (mixed sympathetic and para-sympathetic) and sensory innervation

83
Q

above the pectinate line what is the blood supply

A

inferior mesenteric artery

84
Q

above the pectinate line what is the venous drainage

A

to portal venous system

85
Q

above the pectinate line what is the lymphatic drainage

A

to internal iliac lymph nodes

86
Q

below the pectinate line what is the nerve supply

A

somatic motor and sensroy innervation

87
Q

below the pectinate line what is the blood supply

A

from internal iliac artery

88
Q

below the pectinate line what is the venous drainage

A

to caval venous system

89
Q

below the pectinate line what is the lymphatic drainage

A

to superficial inguinal lymph nodes

90
Q

what happens at the pectinate line

A

separation of visceral and parietal

Regional Anatomy (36 decks)

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