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Regional Anatomy > Posterior thigh and popliteal fossa > Flashcards

Posterior thigh and popliteal fossa Flashcards

1
Q

what muscles make up the posterior thigh

A

hamstrings
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
- biceps femoris

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2
Q

what is the function of the hamstrings

A

extend hip
flex knee

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3
Q

what are the attachments of semitendinosus

A

ischial tuberosity to the medial surface of the superior tibia

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4
Q

what is the innervation of semitendinosus

A

tibial division of Sciatic nerve L5, S1, S2

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5
Q

what are the attachments of semimembranosus

A

ischial tuberosity to the posterior surface of medial condyle of the tibia

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6
Q

what is the innervation of semimembranosus

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve L5 S1 S2

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7
Q

where does semitendinosus get its name

A

long rope like tendon

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8
Q

what is the common proximal attachment of all true hamstring muscles

A

ischial tuberosity

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9
Q

semitendinosus attaches close to what 2 muscles distally

A

gracilis and sartorius

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10
Q

where does semimembranosus get its name

A

shiny membranous appearance

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11
Q

what are the attachments of the long head of biceps femoris

A

ischial tuberosity to the head of the fibula

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12
Q

what are the attachments of the short head of biceps femoris

A

linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur to the head of the fibula

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13
Q

what is the innervation of the long head of biceps femoris

A

tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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14
Q

what is the innervation of the short head of biceps femoris

A

common peroneal division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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15
Q

what is the innervation of biceps femoris

A

long head - tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
short head - common peroneal division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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16
Q

when the knee is flexed, what causes lateral rotation of the knee

A

biceps femoris

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17
Q

when the knee is flexed and not weight bearing what causes medial rotation of the knee

A

semimembranosus
semitendinosus
gracilis
sartorius

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18
Q

what are the roots of the sciatic nerve

A

anterior rami of L4-S3

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19
Q

the sciatic nerve enters the gluteal region just inferior to what muscle

A

piriformis

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20
Q

the sciatic nerve passes from the gluteal region into the posterior compartment of the thigh passing deep to what

A

long head of biceps femoris

21
Q

the sciatic nerve runs where in the posterior thigh

A

midline

22
Q

at what point does the sciatic nerve divide into its 2 terminal branches

A

can occur at any point along its course, might even enter as 2 nerves, but most commonly as it enters the popliteal fossa

23
Q

what are the terminal branches of the sciatic nerve

A

tibial and common peroneal (fibular) divisions

24
Q

what forms the roof of the popliteal fossa

A

deep fascia, skin, fat

25
Q

what structures pierce the roof of the popliteal fossa

A

sural nerve
short saphenous vein

26
Q

the short saphenous vein pierces the popliteal fossa roof to drain into what

A

popliteal vein

27
Q

the sural nerve supplies what

A

cutaneous innervation to leg and foot

28
Q

what forms the superior boundary of the popliteal fossa

A

diverging tendons of hamstrings - biceps femoris laterally and semimembranosus and semitendinosus medially

29
Q

the superior boundary of the popliteal fossa is formed by the diverging tendons of _____ - what medially and what laterally

A

hamstrings
- biceps femoral laterally
semimembranosus and semitendinosus medially

30
Q

what forms the inferior boundary of the popliteal fossa

A

medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius

31
Q

what are the contents of the popliteal fossa

A

popliteal artery
popliteal vein
terminal branches of the sciatic nerve (tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve)

32
Q

what is the most medial and deep structure of the popliteal fossa

A

popliteal artery

33
Q

what is the most superficial and lateral structure of the popliteal fossa

A

terminal branches of the sciatic nerve (tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve)

34
Q

the sural nerve arises from the ____ nerve, and further along it also recieves some fibres from the ______

A

tibial nerve

common peroneal nerve

35
Q

what forms the floor of the popliteal fossa

A

popliteal surface of femur
capsule of knee joint
popliteus muscle

36
Q

what does the popliteus muscle attach to

A

posterior aspect of tibia

37
Q

the fibres of popliteus muscle pierce through what

A

joint capsule of the knee

38
Q

what is the oblique popliteal ligament

A

expansion of semimembranosus tendon

39
Q

what is the function of the oblique popliteal ligament

A

reinforces knee joint capsule posteriorly

40
Q

what is the arcuate ligament

A

thickening of knee joint capsule where it is pierced by popliteus

41
Q

what are the two tendons in the floor of the popliteal fossa

A

oblique popliteal ligament
arcuate ligament

42
Q

what vessel pierces the joint capsule to supply cruciate ligaments

A

middle genicular vessels (Artery and vein)

43
Q

the middle genicular artery is a branch of

A

popliteal artery

44
Q

the popliteal artery is a continuation of what

A

femoral artery

45
Q

the femoral artery changes to the popliteal artery at what point

A

adductor hiatus

46
Q

the popliteal artery runs between what

A

adductor hiatus and inferior border of popliteus

47
Q

how many genicular branches are there

A

5

48
Q

what are the genicular branches and where do they do

A

middle - pierces into joint capsule to supply cruciate ligaments
4 other branches surround the knee joint forming an important anastomosis
- medial and lateral superior genicular artery
- medial and lateral inferior genicular artery

49
Q

what are the terminal branches of the popliteal artery

A

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Regional Anatomy (36 decks)

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