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Regional Anatomy > External and middle ear > Flashcards

External and middle ear Flashcards

1
Q

most of the ear is found in what bone

A

petrous part of the temporal bone

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2
Q

what forms the boundary between the external and middle ear

A

tympanic membrane

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3
Q

what is the external ear (outer)

A

auricle, external auditory meatus, external surface of the tympanic membrane

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4
Q

what is the middle ear

A

internal surface of the tympanic membrane, tympanic cavity, ossicles, pharyngotympanic tube

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5
Q

what is the internal ear

A

auditory apparatus, vestibular apparatus, internal auditory meatus, vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), oval window, round window

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6
Q

what vessel and nerve are anterior to the external ear

A

superficial temporal vessels and auriculotemporal nerve

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7
Q

the middle ear is related to what artery

A

ICA

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8
Q

the internal ear is surrounded by bone between which 2 cranial fossae

A

between middle and posterior cranial fossae

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9
Q

what brain lobes sit superior to the internal structures of the ear

A

temporal lobes of the brain

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10
Q

the internal acoustic meatus carries what 2 nerves

A

facial and vestibulocochlear

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11
Q

what is the function of the auricle

A

catch sound waves and funnel them towards the EAM

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12
Q

some people can wiggle their ears - what nerve innervates the muscles that control this

A

facial nerve

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13
Q

what are the 2 parts of the concha of the ear

A

cymba - superior, infront of anti-helix
cavity - behind tragus, inferior

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14
Q

what is the ear made of

A

elastic cartilage

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15
Q

where does lymph from the auricle drain

A

parotid and cervical lymph nodes

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16
Q

the auricle is supplied by branches of what blood vessel

A

external carotid artery

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17
Q

what branches of the ECA supply the auricle

A

posterior and anterior auricular and perforating branches
- blood drains to corresponding veins and into the external and internal jugular veins

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18
Q

what supplies innervation to the face anterior to the auricle

A

auriculotemporal nerve from CN V3

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19
Q

what supplies innervation to the cavity of the concha of the auricle

A

CN IX and CN X

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20
Q

what supplies innervation to the border of the auricle (lobe, helix) and skin of head behind the auricle

A

lesser occipital and great auricular nerves (cervical plexus)

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21
Q

what supplies innervation to the inner parts of the auricle (not the concha, bits around that) and the skin on posterior aspect of auricle

A

CN VII

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22
Q

where does the external auditory meatus run from

A

opening in the auricle into the petrous temporal bone to end at the tympanic membrane

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23
Q

the lateral 1/3 of the EAM is made of what

A

elastic cartilage, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands

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24
Q

what are the medial 2/3 of the EAM made of

A

bone lined with stratified squamous epithelium

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25
Q

blood supply to the EAM is from

A

ECA - auricular

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26
Q

what supplies innervation to the EAM

A

mainly auriculo-temporal from CN V3 but also auricular branches from CN VII and CN X

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27
Q

what 3 cranial nerves supply innervation to the EAM

A

CN V3
CN VII
CN X

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28
Q

what ossicle attaches to the tympanic membrane

A

malleus

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29
Q

how is sound transmitted from a wave to a physical movement

A

sound waves move the tympanic membrane which moves the malleus in the middle ear

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30
Q

what is the lining of the outer tympanic membrane

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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31
Q

what is the inner lining of the tympanic membrane

A

mucous membrane

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32
Q

what nerve runs along the medial surface of the tympanic membrane

A

chorda tympani

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33
Q

what nerve supplies innervation to the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane

A

auriculotemporal nerve CN V3 and auricular branch of vagus

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34
Q

what nerve supplies innervation to the medial surface of the middle ear

A

tympanic branches of glossopharyngeal CN IX

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35
Q

the medial surface of the tympanic membrane bulges into a space inside the petrous temporal bone called what

A

tympanic cavity

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36
Q

the tympanic cavity houses what

A

ossicles

37
Q

the ossicles link the tympanic membrane to what

A

oval window of the inner ear

38
Q

what ossicle sits on the tympanic membrane

A

handle of the malleus

39
Q

the malleus articulates with what bone

A

incus bone

40
Q

the incus bone articulates with what bone

A

stapes

41
Q

what are the ossicles in order

A

malleus, incus, stapes

42
Q

what joints lie between the ossicles

A

plane synovial

43
Q

what sits on the oval window

A

footplate/base of the stapes

44
Q

what are the other names of the ossicles

A

lateral to medial - hammer, anvil and stirrup

45
Q

what artery, vein and nerve come in close association with the middle ear

A

internal carotid artery
internal jugular vein
facial nerve

46
Q

what does the aditus of the middle ear communicates with what

A

mastoid air cells

47
Q

what is the function of tensor tympani

A

tense tympanic membrane

48
Q

what is the innervation of tensor tympani

A

CN V3

49
Q

what are the origin and insertion of tensor tympani

A

wall of auditory tube to handle of malleus

50
Q

what is the action of stapedius

A

pull footplate of stapes laterally

51
Q

what is the innervation of stapedius

A

facial nerve CN VII

52
Q

what is the origin and insertion of stapedius

A

pyramid of middle ear and neck of stapes

53
Q

what is the combined action of the stapedius and tensor tympani

A

reduce vibration passing to delicate inner ear

54
Q

what is the sensory nerve supply to the tympanic cavity including medial surface of the tympanic membrane

A

CN IX

55
Q

what is the blood supply to the middle ear

A

tympanic branches of posterior auricular, ascending pharyngeal and maxillary arteries
- also caroticotympanic from internal carotid

56
Q

what is the pyramid of the middle ear

A

small bulge of bone

57
Q

the facial nerve enters the temporal bone via

A

the IAM

58
Q

the facial nerve enters the temporal bone via the IAM, travels through the petrous temporal bone unit it exits the skull via

A

stylomastoid foramen

59
Q

after exiting the skull via the stylomastoid foramen, the facial nerve enters what

A

parotid gland

60
Q

as the facial nerve passes through the temporal bone, it gives off several branches e.g. the greater petrosal nerve which passes to form what

A

to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal

61
Q

the greater petrosal nerve which passes to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal along with what

A

with the deep petrosal nerve from the carotid plexus

62
Q

the nerve of the pterygoid canal supplies what

A

parasympathetic secretomotor fibres to the lacrimal gland and small glands of the nose and palate

63
Q

what are 2 more branches, as well as the greater petrosal nerve, from the facial nerve

A

nerve to stapedius
chorda tympani

64
Q

what nerve branches from the facial nerve to cross the medial surface of the tympanic membrane and handle of malleus

A

chorda tympani

65
Q

the chorda tympani branches from the facial nerve to cross where

A

cross the medial surface of the tympanic membrane and handle of malleus

66
Q

the chorda tympani leaves the tympanic cavity via what

A

petrotympanic fissure

67
Q

what nerve passes through the petrotympanic fissure

A

chorda tympani

68
Q

the chorda tympani joins what

A

lingual nerve from CN V3

69
Q

what does the chorda tympani supply

A

parasympathetic secretomotor to the sublingual and submandibular salivary glands and special taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

70
Q

what supplies special taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

chorda tympani via lingual nerve

71
Q

where does chorda tympani join the lingual nerve

A

infratemporal fossa

72
Q

what does the auditory tube connect

A

nasopharynx with the tympanic cavity

73
Q

describe the lateral auditory tube

A

bony canal lined with mucosa

74
Q

describe the medial auditory tube

A

cartilaginous and membranous

75
Q

the auditory tube is normally closed, how does it open

A

tensor veli palatini contracts the lumen opens

76
Q

in what scenarios might tensor veli palatini contract

A

swallow
yawn

77
Q

what is the function of the auditory tube

A

equalises pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

78
Q

sensory innervation to the auditory tube

A

sensory via CN IX

79
Q

where does the auditory tube pass from specifically

A

lateral wall of the nasopharynx to open into middle ear

80
Q

what does the cartilage in the medial auditory tube allow attachment for

A

salpingopharyngeus
tensor and levator veli palatini

81
Q

what happens if the pressure on each side of the tympanic membrane is unequal

A

tympanic membrane cant vibrate freely, so an accurate transmission of sound cannot be passed into the inner ear

82
Q

the middle ear is supplied by what

A

branches of both the external and internal carotid arteries

83
Q

the anterior tympanic artery is a branch of what

A

1st part of maxillary artery

84
Q

the middle ear receives contributions from what arteries

A
  • ascending pharyngeal
  • middle meningeal
  • posterior auricular
  • artery of pterygoid canal
  • caroticotympanic branch
85
Q

the ascending pharyngeal artery gives what branch to the middle ear

A

inferior tympanic

86
Q

the middle meningeal artery gives what branch to the middle ear

A

superior tympanic

87
Q

the posterior auricular artery gives what branch to the middle ear

A

stylomastoid
posterior tympanic

88
Q

caroticotympanic branch is a branch of what

A

ICA

Regional Anatomy (36 decks)

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