Muscles of mastication and ECA Flashcards
what are the muscles of mastication
temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid
what nerve innervates the muscles of mastication
mandibular division of the trigeminal (CN V3)
what are the movements of the mandible
elevation
depression
protrusion
retrusion
lateral sliding
what assists the muscles of mastication in depression of the mandible
gravity
supra-hyoid muscles
what is the largest muscle of mastication
temporalis
what muscle of mastication is covered by temporal fascia
temporalis
what is the function of temporalis
elevate and retract mandible
what fibres of temporalis allow elevation of the mandible (Close the mouth)
anterior and superior
what fibres of temporalis allow retraction of mandible
posterior fibres
where does temporalis sit
temporal fossa
what are the attachments of temporalis
temporal fossa and fascia to coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus of the mandible
what is the innervation of temporalis
deep temporal nerves (x2) from anterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV3)
what are the superficial muscles of mastication
temporalis and masseter
what is the function of masseter
elevate mandible
what crosses the anterior surface of masseter
parotid duct
what is the innervation of masseter
masseteric nerve from anterior divisino of CNV3
what are the attachments of masseter
zygomatic arch to the lateral aspect of the ramus of the mandible
what are the deeper muscles of mastication
medial and lateral pterygoid
where do the medial and lateral pterygoids lie
infratemporal fossa
how many heads does lateral pterygoid have
2
why is the lateral pterygoid called the lateral pterygoid
one head attaches to the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
what are the attachments of the upper head of the lateral pterygoid
infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid
what are the attachments of the lower head of lateral pterygoid
lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
what is the common attachment of both heads of the lateral pterygoid
neck of mandible and articular disc
what are the attachments of lateral pterygoid
upper head from infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid
lower head from lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
insert into neck of mandible and articular disc
what is the action of lateral pterygoid
pulls neck of mandible forwards with articular disc (protrusion = both)
helps in lateral chewing movements with medial pterygoid (one side)
what is the innervation of lateral pterygoid
nerve to lateral pterygoid - anterior division of CN V3
why is the medial pterygoid called the medial pterygoid
named after the attachment point of its deep head - medial side of the lateral pterygoid plate
what is unusual about medial pterygoid
nerve supply is from the main trunk of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve before it bifurcates into anterior and posterior divisions - the other muscles of mastication are supplied by the anterior division
what are the attachments of the superficial head of the medial pterygoid
tubercle of maxilla
what are the attachments of the deep head of the medial pterygoid
medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
what is the common attachments of both heads of the medial pterygoid
medial surface of the angle of the mandible
lateral pterygoid is named after what head
lower head
medial pterygoid is named after what head
deep
what are the attachments of the medial pterygoid
superficial head from the tubercle of the maxilla
deep head from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
insert into the medial surface of the angle of the mandible
what is the function of the medial pterygoid
assists in elevation
what is the innervation of the medial pterygoid
nerve to medial pterygoid from the main trunk of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve CN V3
what happens in elevation of the mandible
head of mandible and disc move backwards and head rotates on lower surface of disc
what muscles contribute to elevation of the mandible
temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid
what happens in depression of the mandible
head of mandible rotates on undersurface of articular disc and mandible is pulled forward
what muscles contribute to depression of the mandible
lateral pterygoid
digastric
geniohyoid
mylohyoid
(gravity)
what happens in protrusion of the mandible
articular disc and head of mandible move forward - movement in upper part of cavity
what muscles contribute to protrusion of mandible
lateral pterygoid (assisted by medial pterygoid)
what happens in retrusion of mandible
articular disc and head of mandible pulled backward into mandibular fossa
what muscles contribute to retrusion of mandible
posterior fibres of temporalis
what happens in lateral chewing
protrusion and retrusion combined
what muscles contribute to lateral chewing
pterygoids
what are the 3 main divisions of the trigeminal nerve CN V
ophthalmic V1, maxillary V2, mandibular V3
the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve are purely
sensory
the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve carries
motor and sensory
the mandibular division of the the trigeminal nerve passes through the ____ and does what
the mandibular division of the the trigeminal nerve passes through the foramen ovale; sensory and motor root unite after passing through the foramen ovale and then divides into branches
which division of the mandibular division of the the trigeminal nerve is larger
posterior is larger
what are the branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
meningeal branch
nerve to medial pterygoid
anterior division
posterior division
the nerve to the medial pterygoid supplies what
nerves to tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini
the anterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve supplies sensory innervation to what
buccal area - skin of cheek and mucous membrane of mouth
the anterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve supplies motor to what
masseteric nerve (masseter)
nerve to lateral pterygoid
x2 deep temporal nerves (temporalis)
what are the branches of the posterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
auriculotemporal nerve
lingual nerve
inferior alveolar nerve
mylohyoid nerve
what does the auriculotemporal nerve supply
sensory innervation to scalp, auricle, tympanic membrane, TMJ, external auditory meatus
the auriculotemporal nerve supplies sensory innervation to what
scalp, auricle, tympanic membrane, TMJ, external auditory meatus
the lingual nerve supplies sensory innervation to
mucous membrane of floor of mouth and anterior 2/3 of tongue
the inferior alveolar nerve supplies sensory innervation to what
lower teeth and skin
the mylohyoid nerve supplies motor to
mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric
part of what nerve passes through the otic ganglion but doesnt synpase, passes to tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani
part of nerve to medial pterygoid
what nerve carries post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibres from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland
auriculotemporal nerve - fibres originate in CN IX
the lingual nerve is joined by
chorda tympani
how do parasympathetic fibres get from the facial nerve to the submandibular ganglion and sublingual glands
chorda tympani joins lingual nerve from CN V3
what does the chorda tympani carry
parasympathetic fibres from the facial nerve to the submandibular (ganglion) and sublingual glands
what nerve is responsible for taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
chorda tympani from facial nerve carried by lingual nerve
what branches does the ECA form
anterior
posterior
deep
terminal
what are the terminal branches of the ECA
maxillary and superficial temporal
where does the ECA form its terminal branches
behind neck of mandible
where does the common carotid split into external and internal
upper border of thyroid lamina
what are the posterior branches of the ECA
occipital artery
posterior auricular
ascending pharyngeal (‘deep’)
where does the occipital artery come from
posterior branch of ECA close to origin of facial artery
the occipital artery is crossed by what
hypoglossal nerve
the occipital artery passes under what to reach where
posterior belly of digastric to enter posterior triangle
what does the occipital artery supply
back of the scalp
where does the posterior auricular artery arise
level of upper border of belly of digastric
what does the posterior auricular artery supply
scalp
where does the ascending pharyngeal artery arise
‘deep surface’ of ECA
the ascending pharyngeal artery ascends between what
internal carotid and pharynx
what does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply
branches to pharynx
what are the anterior branches of the ECA
superior thyroid
lingual
facial
where does the superior thyroid artery arise
near origin
what does the superior thyroid artery run with
external laryngeal nerve
what branches does the superior thyroid artery give off
branch to SCM and superior laryngeal artery
where does the lingual artery arise
opposite tip of greater cornu of hyoid bone
lingual artery passes deep to
hyoglossus
the lingual artery is crossed by what
hypoglossal nerve
what does the lingual artery supply
oral cavity
where does the facial artery arise
above tip of greater cornu
the facial artery passes deep to
posterior belly of digastric
what branches does the facial artery give off
superior and inferior labial branches and angular artery to face
anterior branches of the ECA supply what
thyroid gland, structures in the oral cavity and soft tissues of the face
posterior branches of the ECA supply what
scalp
- deep branch contributes to supply of pharynx
where does the ECA end and as what
ends in the parotid gland as the superficial temporal artery and the maxillary artery
the superficial temporal artery supplies
lateral side of the face and scalp
the maxillary artery lies where
infratemporal fossa
the maxillary artery forms branches that supply
structures in the ear, nose, mouth, pharynx and meninges
which is larger; superficial temporal or maxillary
maxillary
where does the superficial temporal artery ascend
infront of the auricle
the superficial temporal artery divides into what and supplies what
anterior and posterior branches
supplies skin over frontal and temporal regions
the transverse facial artery is a branch of what
superficial temporal
the maxillary artery arises where
behind neck of mandible
the maxillary artery provides branches to what
muscles of mastication, tympanic membrane, upper and lower teeth, palate, nasal cavity, nasopharynx and meninges