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Regional Anatomy > Muscles of mastication and ECA > Flashcards

Muscles of mastication and ECA Flashcards

1
Q

what are the muscles of mastication

A

temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid

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2
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of mastication

A

mandibular division of the trigeminal (CN V3)

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3
Q

what are the movements of the mandible

A

elevation
depression
protrusion
retrusion
lateral sliding

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4
Q

what assists the muscles of mastication in depression of the mandible

A

gravity
supra-hyoid muscles

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5
Q

what is the largest muscle of mastication

A

temporalis

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6
Q

what muscle of mastication is covered by temporal fascia

A

temporalis

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7
Q

what is the function of temporalis

A

elevate and retract mandible

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8
Q

what fibres of temporalis allow elevation of the mandible (Close the mouth)

A

anterior and superior

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9
Q

what fibres of temporalis allow retraction of mandible

A

posterior fibres

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10
Q

where does temporalis sit

A

temporal fossa

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11
Q

what are the attachments of temporalis

A

temporal fossa and fascia to coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus of the mandible

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12
Q

what is the innervation of temporalis

A

deep temporal nerves (x2) from anterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV3)

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13
Q

what are the superficial muscles of mastication

A

temporalis and masseter

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14
Q

what is the function of masseter

A

elevate mandible

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15
Q

what crosses the anterior surface of masseter

A

parotid duct

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16
Q

what is the innervation of masseter

A

masseteric nerve from anterior divisino of CNV3

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17
Q

what are the attachments of masseter

A

zygomatic arch to the lateral aspect of the ramus of the mandible

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18
Q

what are the deeper muscles of mastication

A

medial and lateral pterygoid

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19
Q

where do the medial and lateral pterygoids lie

A

infratemporal fossa

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20
Q

how many heads does lateral pterygoid have

A

2

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21
Q

why is the lateral pterygoid called the lateral pterygoid

A

one head attaches to the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

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22
Q

what are the attachments of the upper head of the lateral pterygoid

A

infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid

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23
Q

what are the attachments of the lower head of lateral pterygoid

A

lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

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24
Q

what is the common attachment of both heads of the lateral pterygoid

A

neck of mandible and articular disc

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25
Q

what are the attachments of lateral pterygoid

A

upper head from infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid
lower head from lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
insert into neck of mandible and articular disc

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26
Q

what is the action of lateral pterygoid

A

pulls neck of mandible forwards with articular disc (protrusion = both)

helps in lateral chewing movements with medial pterygoid (one side)

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27
Q

what is the innervation of lateral pterygoid

A

nerve to lateral pterygoid - anterior division of CN V3

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28
Q

why is the medial pterygoid called the medial pterygoid

A

named after the attachment point of its deep head - medial side of the lateral pterygoid plate

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29
Q

what is unusual about medial pterygoid

A

nerve supply is from the main trunk of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve before it bifurcates into anterior and posterior divisions - the other muscles of mastication are supplied by the anterior division

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30
Q

what are the attachments of the superficial head of the medial pterygoid

A

tubercle of maxilla

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31
Q

what are the attachments of the deep head of the medial pterygoid

A

medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

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32
Q

what is the common attachments of both heads of the medial pterygoid

A

medial surface of the angle of the mandible

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33
Q

lateral pterygoid is named after what head

A

lower head

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34
Q

medial pterygoid is named after what head

A

deep

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35
Q

what are the attachments of the medial pterygoid

A

superficial head from the tubercle of the maxilla
deep head from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
insert into the medial surface of the angle of the mandible

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36
Q

what is the function of the medial pterygoid

A

assists in elevation

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37
Q

what is the innervation of the medial pterygoid

A

nerve to medial pterygoid from the main trunk of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve CN V3

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38
Q

what happens in elevation of the mandible

A

head of mandible and disc move backwards and head rotates on lower surface of disc

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39
Q

what muscles contribute to elevation of the mandible

A

temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid

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40
Q

what happens in depression of the mandible

A

head of mandible rotates on undersurface of articular disc and mandible is pulled forward

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41
Q

what muscles contribute to depression of the mandible

A

lateral pterygoid
digastric
geniohyoid
mylohyoid
(gravity)

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42
Q

what happens in protrusion of the mandible

A

articular disc and head of mandible move forward - movement in upper part of cavity

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43
Q

what muscles contribute to protrusion of mandible

A

lateral pterygoid (assisted by medial pterygoid)

44
Q

what happens in retrusion of mandible

A

articular disc and head of mandible pulled backward into mandibular fossa

45
Q

what muscles contribute to retrusion of mandible

A

posterior fibres of temporalis

46
Q

what happens in lateral chewing

A

protrusion and retrusion combined

47
Q

what muscles contribute to lateral chewing

A

pterygoids

48
Q

what are the 3 main divisions of the trigeminal nerve CN V

A

ophthalmic V1, maxillary V2, mandibular V3

49
Q

the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve are purely

A

sensory

50
Q

the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve carries

A

motor and sensory

51
Q

the mandibular division of the the trigeminal nerve passes through the ____ and does what

A

the mandibular division of the the trigeminal nerve passes through the foramen ovale; sensory and motor root unite after passing through the foramen ovale and then divides into branches

52
Q

which division of the mandibular division of the the trigeminal nerve is larger

A

posterior is larger

53
Q

what are the branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

A

meningeal branch
nerve to medial pterygoid
anterior division
posterior division

54
Q

the nerve to the medial pterygoid supplies what

A

nerves to tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini

55
Q

the anterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve supplies sensory innervation to what

A

buccal area - skin of cheek and mucous membrane of mouth

56
Q

the anterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve supplies motor to what

A

masseteric nerve (masseter)
nerve to lateral pterygoid
x2 deep temporal nerves (temporalis)

57
Q

what are the branches of the posterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

A

auriculotemporal nerve
lingual nerve
inferior alveolar nerve
mylohyoid nerve

58
Q

what does the auriculotemporal nerve supply

A

sensory innervation to scalp, auricle, tympanic membrane, TMJ, external auditory meatus

59
Q

the auriculotemporal nerve supplies sensory innervation to what

A

scalp, auricle, tympanic membrane, TMJ, external auditory meatus

60
Q

the lingual nerve supplies sensory innervation to

A

mucous membrane of floor of mouth and anterior 2/3 of tongue

61
Q

the inferior alveolar nerve supplies sensory innervation to what

A

lower teeth and skin

62
Q

the mylohyoid nerve supplies motor to

A

mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric

63
Q

part of what nerve passes through the otic ganglion but doesnt synpase, passes to tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani

A

part of nerve to medial pterygoid

64
Q

what nerve carries post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibres from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland

A

auriculotemporal nerve - fibres originate in CN IX

65
Q

the lingual nerve is joined by

A

chorda tympani

66
Q

how do parasympathetic fibres get from the facial nerve to the submandibular ganglion and sublingual glands

A

chorda tympani joins lingual nerve from CN V3

67
Q

what does the chorda tympani carry

A

parasympathetic fibres from the facial nerve to the submandibular (ganglion) and sublingual glands

68
Q

what nerve is responsible for taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

chorda tympani from facial nerve carried by lingual nerve

69
Q

what branches does the ECA form

A

anterior
posterior
deep
terminal

70
Q

what are the terminal branches of the ECA

A

maxillary and superficial temporal

71
Q

where does the ECA form its terminal branches

A

behind neck of mandible

72
Q

where does the common carotid split into external and internal

A

upper border of thyroid lamina

73
Q

what are the posterior branches of the ECA

A

occipital artery
posterior auricular
ascending pharyngeal (‘deep’)

74
Q

where does the occipital artery come from

A

posterior branch of ECA close to origin of facial artery

75
Q

the occipital artery is crossed by what

A

hypoglossal nerve

76
Q

the occipital artery passes under what to reach where

A

posterior belly of digastric to enter posterior triangle

77
Q

what does the occipital artery supply

A

back of the scalp

78
Q

where does the posterior auricular artery arise

A

level of upper border of belly of digastric

79
Q

what does the posterior auricular artery supply

A

scalp

80
Q

where does the ascending pharyngeal artery arise

A

‘deep surface’ of ECA

81
Q

the ascending pharyngeal artery ascends between what

A

internal carotid and pharynx

82
Q

what does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply

A

branches to pharynx

83
Q

what are the anterior branches of the ECA

A

superior thyroid
lingual
facial

84
Q

where does the superior thyroid artery arise

A

near origin

85
Q

what does the superior thyroid artery run with

A

external laryngeal nerve

86
Q

what branches does the superior thyroid artery give off

A

branch to SCM and superior laryngeal artery

87
Q

where does the lingual artery arise

A

opposite tip of greater cornu of hyoid bone

88
Q

lingual artery passes deep to

A

hyoglossus

89
Q

the lingual artery is crossed by what

A

hypoglossal nerve

90
Q

what does the lingual artery supply

A

oral cavity

91
Q

where does the facial artery arise

A

above tip of greater cornu

92
Q

the facial artery passes deep to

A

posterior belly of digastric

93
Q

what branches does the facial artery give off

A

superior and inferior labial branches and angular artery to face

94
Q

anterior branches of the ECA supply what

A

thyroid gland, structures in the oral cavity and soft tissues of the face

95
Q

posterior branches of the ECA supply what

A

scalp
- deep branch contributes to supply of pharynx

96
Q

where does the ECA end and as what

A

ends in the parotid gland as the superficial temporal artery and the maxillary artery

97
Q

the superficial temporal artery supplies

A

lateral side of the face and scalp

98
Q

the maxillary artery lies where

A

infratemporal fossa

99
Q

the maxillary artery forms branches that supply

A

structures in the ear, nose, mouth, pharynx and meninges

100
Q

which is larger; superficial temporal or maxillary

A

maxillary

101
Q

where does the superficial temporal artery ascend

A

infront of the auricle

102
Q

the superficial temporal artery divides into what and supplies what

A

anterior and posterior branches
supplies skin over frontal and temporal regions

103
Q

the transverse facial artery is a branch of what

A

superficial temporal

104
Q

the maxillary artery arises where

A

behind neck of mandible

105
Q

the maxillary artery provides branches to what

A

muscles of mastication, tympanic membrane, upper and lower teeth, palate, nasal cavity, nasopharynx and meninges

Regional Anatomy (36 decks)

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