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Regional Anatomy > Pelvic floor > Flashcards

Pelvic floor Flashcards

1
Q

the pelvic diaphragm is composed of what 2 muscle blocks

A

levator ani anteriorly
coccygeus posteriorly

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2
Q

what forms the muscular roof of the anal triangle

A

levator ani

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3
Q

what are the attachments of coccygeus

A

ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament to the coccyx and inferior sacrum

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4
Q

what is the function of coccygeus

A

support pelvic viscera, flexion of coccyx

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5
Q

what is the innervation of coccygeus

A

direct branches from sacral plexus (S4, S5)

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6
Q

what are the 2 main parts of levator ani

A

pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus

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7
Q

which fibres are more medial in the levator ani

A

pubococcygeus

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8
Q

what does the pubococcygeus support

A

vagina/prostate and rectum

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9
Q

what are the more lateral fibres of the levator ani

A

iliococcygeus

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10
Q

iliococcygeus is found ____ to coccygeus

A

anterior

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11
Q

where does iliococcygeus attach

A

fascia above obturator internus

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12
Q

what does levator ani contract to do

A

prevent prolapse of the pelvic viscera

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13
Q

what does levator ani relax to do

A

permit the passage of urine and faeces through the urethra and anal canal and out of the body

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14
Q

what is the motor innervation of levator ani

A

nerve to levator ani and the pudendal nerve

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15
Q

what does pubococcygeus divide into

A

puborectalis, levator prostatae (puboprostaticus) and pubovaginalis

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16
Q

structures in the gap of the pelvic diaphragm near the pubic bones are supported by what

A

urogenital diaphragm

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17
Q

where do the fibres of pubococcygeus pass

A

from the pubic bones to wrap around the prostate gland or vagina and the rectum

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18
Q

fibres that support the vagina and prostate gland insert into where

A

perineal body

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19
Q

in males, the most medial fibres of pubococcygeus pass around what and insert where

A

the prostate and insert into the perineal body (levator prostatae - puboprostaticus)

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20
Q

in females, the most medial fibres of pubococcygeus pass around what and insert where

A

the vagina and insert into the perineal body (pubovaginalis)

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21
Q

in both sexes, the more posterior fibres of pubococcygeus wrap around what

A

rectum - puborectalis

22
Q

what is the motor innervation to pubococcygeus

A

pudendal nerve and nerve to levator ani

23
Q

what is the function of puborectalis

A

acts to maintain feacal continence by bending the rectum and making the release of faeces more difficult

24
Q

describe the state of the pelvic floor muscles normally

A

small amount of tonic contraction to support the viscera but the muscles can contract to increase the bend in the rectum or relax to straighten the rectum and make it easier to push faeces out of the body

25
Q

what is the innervation of puborectalis

A

pudendal nerve (S2-4) and nerve to levator ani (S4)

26
Q

fibres of the puborectalis mix with

A

those from external anal sphincter forming a modified sling around the rectum

27
Q

when is puborectalis especially important

A

immediately after the rectum has filled and the internal anal sphincter is open

28
Q

what are the attachments of iliococcygeus

A

thickened fascia above obturator internus and passes medially to the anococcygeal body/ligament/levator plate (connective tissue that lies between the anal canal and the coccyx)

29
Q

is iliococcygeus or pubococcygeus more fibrous

A

iliococcygeus

30
Q

what is the tendinous arch of levator ani

A

area of attachment of iliococcygeus to the fascia of obturator internus

31
Q

the area of attachment of iliococcygeus to the fascia of obturator internus is known as what

A

tendinous arch of levator ani

32
Q

what is the innervation of iliococcygeus

A

pudendal nerve and nerve to levator ani

33
Q

what muscle lies between iliococcygeus and the bony pelvis

A

obturator internus

34
Q

what is the name of the small piece of tough connective tissue that lies in the pelvic floor at the edge of the urogenital diaphragm between the openings of the vagina (female) or urethra (male) and the anal canal

A

perineal body

35
Q

what is the perineal body composed of

A

fibrous connective tissue

36
Q

the perineal body provides attachment sites for what

A

levator prostatae
pubovaginalis
EAS
perienal muscles

37
Q

what is thought to be the function of the perineal body

A

act as an area that distributes forces across the pelvic and urogenital diaphragms as it is attached to both structures

38
Q

describe the parietal pelvic fascia covering the internal wall of the pelvis

A

thickened over obturator internus to form the tendinous arch of the pelvis (and levator ani)

39
Q

in a male, what is the name for the parietal pelvic fascia anteriorly

A

puboprostatic ligament

40
Q

in the female, what is the name for the parietal pelvic fascia anteriorly

A

pubovesical ligament

41
Q

what is the paracolpium

A

lateral extension of visceral fascia from vagina to tendinous arch

42
Q

describe the visceral pelvic fascia

A

covers the organs, parietal and visceral blend as organs pierce the pelvic floor

43
Q

what is the endopelvic fascia

A

acts as a packing materal around the organs

44
Q

what are the 2 types of endopelvic fascia

A

loose and condensed

45
Q

what does the loose endopelvic fascia do

A

fills spaces in the pelvis e.g. the retropubic (pre-vesical) space

46
Q

what is the condensed endopelvic fascia

A

thickenings of the fascia

47
Q

what is the primary condensation (an example of condensed endopelvic fascia)

A

the hypogastric sheaths running along the posterolateral walls of the pelvis

48
Q

are the pelvic organs intra or retroperitoneal

A

subperitoneal / infraperitoneal

49
Q

how are the pelvic pouches formed

A

pelvic organs are covered by a continuation of the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity which forms pouches

50
Q

what are the two peritoneal pouches in the female

A

vesico-uterine pouch
recto-uterine pouch

51
Q

what is the peritoneal pouch in males

A

vesico-rectal pouch

Regional Anatomy (36 decks)

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