Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Systems and Anatomy > The Neck > Flashcards

The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

what is the neck

A

the junction between the head and the thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the superior limit of the neck

A

the mandible and the base of the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the inferior limit of the neck

A

thoracic inlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the thoracic inlet

A

the superior thoracic aperture.
lies through the first rib, and is higher posteriorly than anteriorly.
major nerves and blood vessels pass through this point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what divides the neck into anterior and posterior portions

A

the sternocleidomastoid muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the sternocleidomastoid

A

the mastoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the distal attachment of the sternocleidomastoid

A

sternum and clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe the mastoid process

A

air cells are present here
process is absent at birth and grows at around age 1, and continues to grow until the first permanent teeth appear at 6 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the boundaries of the anterior triangle

A

sternocleidomastoid
midline
lower border of the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle

A

sternocleidomastid
trapezius muscle
middle third of the clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the components of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

muscle
skeletal elements and viscera
glands
nerves
vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

mylohyoid
anterior belly of digastric
infrahyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the strap muscles

A

the infrahyoid muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the infrahyoid muscles

A

sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
omohyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the mylohyoid

A

forms the floor of the mouth like a hammock
arises from the mandible and attaches onto the hyoid bone
raises the hyoid bone and the floor of the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe the anterior belly of digastric muscle

A

one of two muscles
arises from the mandible and passes to the mastoid process
pulls down the mandible and raises the hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe the strap muscles

A

named after where they attach
depress the hyoid bone and the larynx, or pull it down during swallowing and speaking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the largest of the laryngeal cartilages

A

the thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the skeletal elements of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
hyoid bone
trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
A

1 = Hyoid bone
2 = Thyroid cartilage
3 = Cricoid cartilage
C = First tracheal ring (of cartilage)
B = Thyroid gland, right lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the three single laryngeal cartilages

A

thyroid
cricoid
epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the three paired laryngeal cartilages

A

arytenoid
corniculate
cuneiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the glands found in the anterior triangle of the neck

A

thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
submandibular gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what encloses the thyroid gland

A

pre tracheal fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what supplies the thyroid gland
superior external carotid artery and inferior thyroid arteries
26
what anchors the thyroid in place
pre tracheal fascia
27
what is the clinical test for the thyroid gland
ask the patient to swallow, and when lightly pressing on the neck from behind the patient, this will allow it to be seen if it is enlarged or not
28
label this
1 = Internal jugular vein 2 = Common carotid artery 3 = Thyroid cartilage 4 = Thyroid gland, left lobe 5 = Levator glandulae thyroidae 6 = Hyoid bone
29
where is the thyroid gland in regards to the vertebrae
anterior neck between C5 and T1
30
what does the thyroid gland secrete
T3 and T4
31
what is the function of thyroid hormones
raise the basal metabolic rate influence the synthesis of proteins nerve growth and development essential for the development of cells in the body
32
what is the isthmus
narrow piece of tissue between two larger parts of a structure. links the two lobes of the thyroid gland
33
what links the left and right lobe of the thyroid gland
the isthmus
34
what is the pyramidal lobe
embryological remnant of where the thyroid gland development from in the floor of the mouth at the foramen caecum of the tongue descends into the final position at the root of the neck
35
what is the levator glandulae thyroidae
fibrous remnant left of the pyramidal lobe
36
how common is it to have more than four parathyroid glands
only 5% of the population
37
which parathyroid glands are more constant in their position
superior parathyroid glands
38
what do parathyroid glands secrete
parathyroid hormone to raise the level of blood calcium
39
where is the parathyroid hormone located
posterior surface of the thyroid gland flat and oval in shape
40
where are the superior parathyroid glands found
roughly in the middle of the posteior border of the thyroid lobes
41
where are the inferior parathyroid glands found
inferior poles of the thyroid gland
42
how does parathyroid hormone increase blood calcium
increase absorption from the gut increase absorption from the kidney increase osteoclast activity to break down bone and release calcium
43
describe the nerve innervation of the anterior triangle of the neck
vagus phrenic hypoglossal
44
describe the motor function of the vagus nerve
innervate the muscles of the larynx, pharynx and soft palate
45
describe the parasympathetic innervation from the vagus nerve
smooth muscle of the trachea bronchi to slow breathing slow heart rate increase gut motility
46
describe the special sensory function of the vagus nerve
innervation for taste sensation in the epiglottis and root of the tongue
47
describe the general sensory function of the vagus nerve
internal aspect of the larynx and the ear canal also provides visceral sensory innervation to the heart and abdominal structures
48
describe the sensory innervation of the phrenic nerve
to the diaphragm, specifically the central tendon and the pericardium, which anchors the heart to the diaphragm
49
what are the vessels of the anterior triangle of the neck
common carotid jugular vein
50
what does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply
the pharynx
51
what does the superior thyroid artery supply
the thyroid gland, alongside the interior thyroid artery
52
what does the lingual artery supply
tongue sublingual salivary gland gingiva oral mucosa of the floor of the mouth
53
what does the occipital artery supply
muscles of the posterior neck and skull
54
what does the posterior auricular artery supply
neck muscles ear structures
55
what ear structures are supplied by the posterior auricular artery
external auditory meatus tympanic cavity tympanic membrane semi circular canals
56
what does the superficial temporal artery supply
skin and muscles of the side of the face and scalp parotid gland temperomandibular joint
57
what can the contents of the posterior triangle of the neck be divided into
nerves muscles vessels lymph nodes
58
what are the nerves in the posterior triangle of the neck
accessory nerve parts of the brachial plexus cutaneous cervical nerves
59
what is the function of the accessory nerve
motor supply to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
60
describe the action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
lateral flexion of the neck when acting on its own flexion of the neck when acting on both sides
61
describe the action of the trapezius
upper fibres elevate the scapula and rotate during abduction of the arm middle fibres pull back the scapula for retraction lower fibres go inferiorly
62
describe the location of the trapezius muscle
base of the skull C7-T12 vertebrae spinous process to the lateral third of the clavicle and scapula
63
what does the brachial plexus do
motor and sensory innervation to the upper limbs
64
describe lymph nodes
small oval structures filter lymph offer defence against the spread of infection returned to larger veins many sites of lymph nodes
65
describe the function of the superficial lymph nodes
drain the face, neck and scalp pass to the superficial ring of lymph nodes at the junction of the head and neck
66
describe the deep lymph nodes
deep cervical lymph nodes. left jugular lymphatic trunk passes to the thoracic duct
67
what does the right jugular lymphatic trunk pass to
the right subclavian vein
68
label each of these pictures with the condition they are showing
1 = Cyst 2 = Cancer in lymph node 3 = Goitre 4 = Neck abscess 5 = Dental abscess 6 = Oedema and oxygen supplementation.
69
what are the nerve roots of the brachial plexus
ventral rami of C5-T1
70
what is the purpose of the brachial plexus
sensory and motor innervation to the upper limb
71
what are the terminal branches of the brachial plexus
musculocutaneous, axillary, median, ulnar and radial nerves
72
when may the brachial plexus be commonly injured
upper roots can be damaged during childbirth while the lower ones can be torn during overstretching ofhte upper limb like from falling from a tree and grabbing onto a branch
73
what is the nerve supply to the sternocleidomastoid
accessory nerve
74
what does the sternocleidomastoid do on its own
rotation of the head to the opposite side and superior rotation of the neck
75
what does joint contraction of the left and right sternocleidomastoid do
flexion of the neck
76
what is torticollis
excess contraction or shortening of the sternocleidomastoid
77
why is the phrenic nerve no longer sectioned up for TB
paralysis of the diaphragm resulted in excess secretions in the lung due to poor respiration resulting in pneumonia
78
what are the two major branches of the common carotid artery
external and internal carotid artery
79
at what cervical level does the common carotid artery bifurcate
C4/5
80
why does stenosis occur at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery
excess turbulence occurs here due to the change in the direction of blood hitting against the superior aspect of the split damaging the intimal lining
81
what does the hypoglossal nerve supply
genioglossus hypoglossus styloglossus
82
when may the hypoglossal nerve be partially sectioned to reinnervate another nerve close by
facial paralysis less than one year old that is not resolving
83
why are the thyroid gland secretions essential to normal development
normal neural and growth development
84
what is the arterial supply of the thyroid gland
superior and inferior thyroid arteries
85
what comprises the strap muscles
sternothyroid thyrohyoid omohyoid sternohyoid
86
what is the function of the strap muscles
depression of the hyoid bone during swallowing
87
what is the function of the digastric muscle
open the jaw
88
where does the submandibular gland open into the oral cavity
opposite the lingual frenulum
89
what does the vagus nerve supply
pharyngeal musculature and parasympathetic innervation to the heart, lungs, gi tract
90
what are the main branches of the vagus nerve
superior laryngeal and the recurrent laryngeal nerves
91
what are the nerve fibre types in the vagus nerve
motor and parasympathetic
92
label these muscles of the neck

Human Systems and Anatomy (57 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions