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Human Systems and Anatomy > Locomotion > Flashcards

Locomotion Flashcards

1
Q

describe the functions of the skeletal system

A
  • provides our basic shape
  • provides support for the body
  • allows muscular system to produce movement (locomotion)
  • protection of vital organs
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2
Q

what are the two functional parts of the skelton

A

axial and appendicular

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3
Q

what is included in the axial skeleton

A

head
neck
trunk

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4
Q

what is included in the appendicular skeleton

A

limbs
pectoral and pelvic girdle

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5
Q

describe cartilage

A

avascular, resilient, semirigid connective tissue
in areas for flexibility, and articular cartilage reduces friction

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6
Q

what are the functions of bone

A

support
protection
mechanical basis
storage
formation of new cells (eg immune cells).

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7
Q

what distinguises compact and spongy bone

A

amount of solid matter and size of space

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8
Q

describe compact bone

A

provides strength for weight bearing, in long bones it is found in the middle of the shaft
long bones have elevations

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9
Q

what are the elevations in long bones

A

ridges, crest, and tubercles

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10
Q

what are the five classifications of bones

A

long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid

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11
Q

what is a sesamoid bone

A

patella in the knee

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12
Q

what are the flat bones like

A

protective

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13
Q

what are long bones like

A

tubular

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14
Q

describe short bones

A

cuboidal shape as, such as tarsus, carpus

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15
Q

what is the metaphysis

A

the area of growth between the diaphysis and the epiphysis

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16
Q

what is the medulla of the bone

A

the bone marrow

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17
Q

what are the bone markings

A

this is where the tendons, ligaments, or fascia are attached
arteries are adjacent to here

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18
Q

what are bone formations

A

this is the passage of a tendon to improve leverage of the bone

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19
Q

what is the capitulum

A

rounded protuberance such as on the humerus

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20
Q

what is the condyle

A

large prominence providing structural support overlying hyaline cartilage such as in the femur

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21
Q

what is the crest of the bone

A

raised or prominent part of the edge of the bone like in the iliac crest

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22
Q

what is the epicondyle

A

rounded protuberance at the end of bone, for ligaments, tendons and muscles

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23
Q

what is the facet

A

the symmetrical synovial lined joints with a fibrous capsule that connects teh articular facets of the vertebrae

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24
Q

what is the foramen

A

a passage or opening between two cavities in bone, like the foreman magnum at the base of the skull

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25
Q

what is a fossa

A

shallow depression in bone surface like in the scapula

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26
Q

what is the groove

A

a narrow channel, depression or furrow such as found in the humerus

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27
Q

what is the head of the bone

A

this is the tip, like the femoral head

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28
Q

which bone has a line

A

tibia

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29
Q

what is the malleolus

A

expanded projection or process at the distal end of the fibula or tibia at the level of the ankle

30
Q

what is a notch

A

a depression in a bone which often but not alwyas provides stabilisation to an adjacent articulating bone

31
Q

what is a protuberance

A

a body part that bulges outward from a surface

32
Q

which bone has a spine

33
Q

what is a trochanter

A

tubercle of the femur near its joint with the hip bone

34
Q

what is the trochlea

A

anatomical structure resembling a pully, found on the humerus

35
Q

what is a tubercle

A

a small rounded projection

36
Q

what is a tuberosity

A

a moderate prominence were muscles and connective tissue attach like the tibia

37
Q

what is movement related to

A

anatomical position

38
Q

which elements of the skeletal system are active during general posture

A

only a few of the back and lower limb muscles
mechanical arrangement means minimal muscular activity

39
Q

which joints at the most stable

A

hip and knee joints

40
Q

which joint is less stable in normal posture

A

ankle joint

41
Q

where is red bone marrow found in long bones

A

top and bottom

42
Q

what is the sagittal plane

A

vertical slice of torso from the sagittal suture of the parietal bones to the feet.

43
Q

what is median plane of hand

A

cut through the middle finger

44
Q

what is the median plane of the head

A

cut through nose

45
Q

what is the coronal plane

A

cut from top of the head, perpendicular. divide the person into anterior and posterior

46
Q

what is transverse plane

A

horizontal divide in torso

47
Q

describe superficial

A

nearer to the surface

48
Q

intermediate

A

between a superficial and a deep structure

49
Q

deep

A

farther from the surface

50
Q

medial

A

nearer to median plane

51
Q

lateral

A

further from the median plane

52
Q

posterior

A

nearer to the back

53
Q

inferior

A

nearer to feet

54
Q

caudal

A

near to feet

55
Q

dorsal

56
Q

anterior

A

nearer to the front

57
Q

ventral

58
Q

distal

A

farther from the trunk or point of origin

59
Q

proximal

A

nearer to the point of origin

60
Q

superior

A

nearer to the head

61
Q

cranial

63
Q

what is the gait cycle

A

heel strike
loading response
midstance
terminal stance
preswing
initial and mid swing
terminal swing

64
Q

which muscles are active in heel strike

A

gluteus maximus
tibialis anterior
posterior capsule

65
Q

which muscles are active during loading response

A

quadriceps femoris

66
Q

which muscles are active during midstance

A

triceps surae

67
Q

which muscles are active during terminal stance

A

triceps surae

68
Q

which muscles are active in preswing

A

deep plantar flexors
flexors of toes
intrinsic foot muscles
rectus femoris

69
Q

which muscles are active during initial and mid swing

A

contralateral abductors of hip
iliopsoas and rectus femoris

70
Q

which muscles are active during terminal swing

A

hamstrings
tibialis
quadriceps femoris

Human Systems and Anatomy (57 decks)

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