Locomotion

Question 1

describe the functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

• provides our basic shape
• provides support for the body
• allows muscular system to produce movement (locomotion)
• protection of vital organs

Question 2

what are the two functional parts of the skelton

Answer 2

axial and appendicular

Question 3

what is included in the axial skeleton

Answer 3

head
neck
trunk

Question 4

what is included in the appendicular skeleton

Answer 4

limbs
pectoral and pelvic girdle

Question 5

describe cartilage

Answer 5

avascular, resilient, semirigid connective tissue
in areas for flexibility, and articular cartilage reduces friction

Question 6

what are the functions of bone

Answer 6

support
protection
mechanical basis
storage
formation of new cells (eg immune cells).

Question 7

what distinguises compact and spongy bone

Answer 7

amount of solid matter and size of space

Question 8

describe compact bone

Answer 8

provides strength for weight bearing, in long bones it is found in the middle of the shaft
long bones have elevations

Question 9

what are the elevations in long bones

Answer 9

ridges, crest, and tubercles

Question 10

what are the five classifications of bones

Answer 10

long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid

Question 11

what is a sesamoid bone

Answer 11

patella in the knee

Question 12

what are the flat bones like

Answer 12

protective

Question 13

what are long bones like

Answer 13

tubular

Question 14

describe short bones

Answer 14

cuboidal shape as, such as tarsus, carpus

Question 15

what is the metaphysis

Answer 15

the area of growth between the diaphysis and the epiphysis

Question 16

what is the medulla of the bone

Answer 16

the bone marrow

Question 17

what are the bone markings

Answer 17

this is where the tendons, ligaments, or fascia are attached
arteries are adjacent to here

Question 18

what are bone formations

Answer 18

this is the passage of a tendon to improve leverage of the bone

Question 19

what is the capitulum

Answer 19

rounded protuberance such as on the humerus

Question 20

what is the condyle

Answer 20

large prominence providing structural support overlying hyaline cartilage such as in the femur

Question 21

what is the crest of the bone

Answer 21

raised or prominent part of the edge of the bone like in the iliac crest

Question 22

what is the epicondyle

Answer 22

rounded protuberance at the end of bone, for ligaments, tendons and muscles

Question 23

what is the facet

Answer 23

the symmetrical synovial lined joints with a fibrous capsule that connects teh articular facets of the vertebrae

Question 24

what is the foramen

Answer 24

a passage or opening between two cavities in bone, like the foreman magnum at the base of the skull

Question 25

what is a fossa

Answer 25

shallow depression in bone surface like in the scapula

Question 26

what is the groove

Answer 26

a narrow channel, depression or furrow such as found in the humerus

Question 27

what is the head of the bone

Answer 27

this is the tip, like the femoral head

Question 28

which bone has a line

Answer 28

tibia

Question 29

what is the malleolus

Answer 29

expanded projection or process at the distal end of the fibula or tibia at the level of the ankle

Question 30

what is a notch

Answer 30

a depression in a bone which often but not alwyas provides stabilisation to an adjacent articulating bone

Question 31

what is a protuberance

Answer 31

a body part that bulges outward from a surface

Question 32

which bone has a spine

Answer 32

scapula

Question 33

what is a trochanter

Answer 33

tubercle of the femur near its joint with the hip bone

Question 34

what is the trochlea

Answer 34

anatomical structure resembling a pully, found on the humerus

Question 35

what is a tubercle

Answer 35

a small rounded projection

Question 36

what is a tuberosity

Answer 36

a moderate prominence were muscles and connective tissue attach like the tibia

Question 37

what is movement related to

Answer 37

anatomical position

Question 38

which elements of the skeletal system are active during general posture

Answer 38

only a few of the back and lower limb muscles mechanical arrangement means minimal muscular activity

Question 39

which joints at the most stable

Answer 39

hip and knee joints

Question 40

which joint is less stable in normal posture

Answer 40

ankle joint

Question 41

where is red bone marrow found in long bones

Answer 41

top and bottom

Question 42

what is the sagittal plane

Answer 42

vertical slice of torso from the sagittal suture of the parietal bones to the feet.

Question 43

what is median plane of hand

Answer 43

cut through the middle finger

Question 44

what is the median plane of the head

Answer 44

cut through nose

Question 45

what is the coronal plane

Answer 45

cut from top of the head, perpendicular. divide the person into anterior and posterior

Question 46

what is transverse plane

Answer 46

horizontal divide in torso

Question 47

describe superficial

Answer 47

nearer to the surface

Question 48

intermediate

Answer 48

between a superficial and a deep structure

Question 49

deep

Answer 49

farther from the surface

Question 50

medial

Answer 50

nearer to median plane

Question 51

lateral

Answer 51

further from the median plane

Question 52

posterior

Answer 52

nearer to the back

Question 53

inferior

Answer 53

nearer to feet

Question 54

caudal

Answer 54

near to feet

Question 55

dorsal

Answer 55

posterior

Question 56

anterior

Answer 56

nearer to the front

Question 57

ventral

Answer 57

anterior

Question 58

distal

Answer 58

farther from the trunk or point of origin

Question 59

proximal

Answer 59

nearer to the point of origin

Question 60

superior

Answer 60

nearer to the head

Question 61

cranial

Answer 61

superior

Question 62

Answer 62

Question 63

what is the gait cycle

Answer 63

heel strike loading response midstance terminal stance preswing initial and mid swing terminal swing

Question 64

which muscles are active in heel strike

Answer 64

gluteus maximus tibialis anterior posterior capsule

Question 65

which muscles are active during loading response

Answer 65

quadriceps femoris

Question 66

which muscles are active during midstance

Answer 66

triceps surae

Question 67

which muscles are active during terminal stance

Answer 67

triceps surae

Question 68

which muscles are active in preswing

Answer 68

deep plantar flexors flexors of toes intrinsic foot muscles rectus femoris

Question 69

which muscles are active during initial and mid swing

Answer 69

contralateral abductors of hip iliopsoas and rectus femoris

Question 70

which muscles are active during terminal swing

Answer 70

hamstrings tibialis quadriceps femoris