Bones and Joints Flashcards
what makes up the pectoral girdle
clavicle and scapula
how many bones in the human body
206
how many bones in the hand and the wrist
27
how many bones in the foot and ankle
26
what is the axis of the body
the central part
describe the arrangement of bones in the upper and lower limbs
they are very similar
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how many bones are we born with
around 300
why does our number of bones go from 300 to 206
as we age they fuse together
what is the first bone to form
clavicle
what is the last bone to form
clavicle
why is there articular cartilage at the ends of bones
allow lubrication and prevent rubbing between bones
where is yellow marrow found and what it is
longer bones due to presence of fat
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what are the epiphyseal plates
growth plates, which allow bones to become longer. they can be confused with fracture lines on x rays
can articular cartilage be seen on x rays
no
what are the three types of joints
synovial joints
fibrous joints
cartilagenous joints
describe synovial joints
extensive movement, smooth cartilage, have synovial fluid in a capsule
where are synovial joints found
in the shoulder
elbow
wrist
knee
ankle
describe fibrous joints
no synovial cavity
the joint is held together by dense connective tissue
where are fibrous joints found
the skull
describe cartilagenous joints
no synovium, little movement held together by cartilage
where are cartilagenous joints found in the body
pelvis
what is necessary for a joint
bone
cartilage
fluid
capsule
ligaments
tendons
muscles
describe the cartilage associated with joints
hyaline
what are ligaments
passive stabilisers in the ligaments
what are tendons
musculo tendinous support, active stabilisers of joints
why is there muscle on joints
to move them
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when does the anterior fontanelle usually close
sometime between 9 months and 18 months
when does the posterior fontanelle close
by age 1 or 2 months. could already be closed at birth
what is a syndesmosis
a fibrous joint between two bones that are linked by ligaments and a strong membrane
where are syndesmoses found
the distal tibia and fibula
what is a symphysis
a cartilagenous joint, and the bone ends are covered by hyaline cartilage, disc of fibrocartilage are found in between this.
found in the pelvis, sternum and ribs
what is a synchondrosis
a primary cartilagenous joint
a type of joint where hyaline cartilage completely joins together two bones
what are synarthroses
another way to refer to synchrondroses, as they are immovable joints that are referred to as synarthroses
what are the temporary synchondroses in the body
epiphyseal plates
ilium, ischium, pubis
what are the permanent synchondroses
the first sternocostal joint
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what three bones make up the pelvis
ilium
pubis
ischium
what holds together the three bones of pelvis
synchondrosis
what is the name given to a joint held together by cartilage
synchondrosis
what are the two parts of the skull bones
neurocranium
viscerocranium
how many bones in the viscerocranium
14
what is the zygoma
crash impact barrier
what is the weakest point of the skull
pterion
why is the pterion the weakest point of the skull
trauma at this point can result in rupture of the blood vessels just deep to this, the middle meningeal blood vessels in the artery
extra dural haemorrhage
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what vertebrae can be felt as a bony prominence on the back of the neck
C7
which vertebrae has a process that looks like a tooth
C2
what does the pectoral girdle do
connect each arm
what is the sternal angle
second rib
where is the costochondral joint
the joint between the costal cartilage and the ribs
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what drug can be provided to prevent muscles from spasming after injury
midazolam
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what are the three bone types of the hand and how many do we have
14 phalanges
5 metacarpals
8 carpal bones
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describe the bones of the feet and how many there are
14 phalanges
5 metatarsals
7 tarsals
