Nervous System

Question 1

what are the functions of the nervous system

Answer 1

communication, regulating internal events, organising behaviour (externally), information storage, sensations, perceptions and emotions.

Question 2

what are the two types of cell found in the nervous system

Answer 2

neurons and glial cells

Question 3

give a summary on glial cells

Answer 3

they are more numerous than neurons, and have a supportive/nutritive role, such as myelin formation.

Question 4

which glial cells are responsible for myelin formation

Answer 4

schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

Question 5

what are the types of glial cells

Answer 5

astrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
oligodendrocytes
schwann cells

Question 6

what are astrocytes involved in

Answer 6

nutrient supply to neurons in central nervous system. they have a supportive structure involved in their distribution of this food

Question 7

what are microglia involved in

Answer 7

they have a defence role - they are phagocytic

Question 8

what are ependymal cells involved in

Answer 8

production of cerebrospinal fluid. they have cilia because they work with fluids.

Question 9

what are cilia associated with

Answer 9

fluids and movement of fluids

Question 10

what are oligodendrocytes involved in

Answer 10

neuronal support and myelin formation. they can wrap around more than one neuron. this allows them to have a supporting function.

Question 11

what are schwann cells involved in

Answer 11

neuronal support and myeling formation in the peripheral nervous system

Question 12

give a summary on neurons

Answer 12

they are excitable cells involved in the generation and transmission of signals. they are also involved in synaptic processing like memory, and have various types like their structure being related to function

Question 13

what are included in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 13

spinal and cranial nerves

Question 14

what are included in the central nervous system

Answer 14

spinal cord and the brain

Question 15

what arises from the central nervous system

Answer 15

the peripheral nervous system

Question 16

what does afferent mean

Answer 16

this is when something is going onto the central nervous system

Question 17

what does efferent mean

Answer 17

this is something leaving the central nervous system

Question 18

what are the different forms of affarent and efferents

Answer 18

somatic and visceral

Question 19

what is visceral

Answer 19

information from internal organs and blood vessels

Question 20

what is somatic

Answer 20

this is information from muscles, bone and soft tissue

Question 21

what are examples of motor responses to somatic efferents

Answer 21

exocrine gland secretion

Question 22

what part of the nervous system are visceral efferents involved in

Answer 22

autonomic nervous system

Question 23

where are spinal nerves found

Answer 23

emerging along the length of the spinal cord

Question 24

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

Answer 24

31

Question 25

how many spinal nerves are cervical nerves

Answer 25

8

Question 26

how many spinal nerves are thoracic nerves

Answer 26

12

Question 27

how many spinal nerves are lumbar nerves

Answer 27

5

Question 28

how many spinal nerves are sacral nerves

Answer 28

5

Question 29

how many spinal nerves are coccygeal nerves

Answer 29

1

Question 30

what do spinal nerves contain

Answer 30

many sensory and motor axons

Question 31

what do axons supply

Answer 31

structures in well defined parts of the body

Question 32

what are dermatomes

Answer 32

regions on the skin connected to a single spinal nerve. blocks of sensorial axons that are affarent onto the central nervous system spinal cord

Question 33

what are myotomes

Answer 33

blocks of muscle supplied by motor axons

Question 34

what are nerve plexuses

Answer 34

peripheral nerves that supply particular regions of the body. they can have nerves arising from different nerve areas, and this creates complexity when understanding the nervous system

Question 35

what do the axons in the spinal nerves from

Answer 35

various peripheral nerves

Question 36

what does the area with sensory nerves have a match with

Answer 36

the area with motor nerves

Question 37

what are the cranial nerves

Answer 37

these are 12 pairs of nerves that are connected to the brain, especially the brainstem. they provide sensory and motor nerve supply to the head and neck structures.

Question 38

where is the vagus nerve distributed to

Answer 38

this is the tenth cranial nerve and is distributed to the trunk rather than the head

Question 39

which cranial nerve is the most important in the face

Answer 39

the trigeminal nerve as it provides facial sensory function. it has three subdivisions and they have their own details

Question 40

what part of the tongue has the specialised function related to taste

Answer 40

the posterior of the tongue

Question 41

what does the tongue have innervation by

Answer 41

many cranial nerves

Question 42

what is the function of peripheral nerves

Answer 42

carrying information to the central nervous system

Question 43

what are the affarent signals in the somatic nerves associated with

Answer 43

sensations and perceptions - they take these signals to the central nervous system

Question 44

are we aware of the affarent signals from the internal organs

Answer 44

no

Question 45

what efferents control voluntary muscle

Answer 45

somatic efferents

Question 46

what efferents costitute the autonomic nervous system

Answer 46

the smooth and cardiac muscle, and some glands

Question 47

what are peripheral nerves

Answer 47

bundles of axons both myelinated and unmyelinated that are interconnected by the plexus

Question 48

are peripheral nerves singular nerves

Answer 48

no

Question 49

how can the basic neuronal form of peripheral nerves be changed

Answer 49

in order to perform different functions such as sensory and motor neurons

Question 50

where are A alpha nerve axons foind

Answer 50

they are myelinated and are found in some sensory neurons and motor neurons

Question 51

where are A beta nerve axons found

Answer 51

these are also myelinated and are found in sensory neurons

Question 52

are myelinated or unmyelinated nerve fibres faster

Answer 52

myelinated, they are thicker and bring about a very fast response

Question 53

where are C fibres found on nerve axons

Answer 53

sensory neurons and some autonomic nerves. most have sensorial response that doesnt need to be that fast. some are nto even worried about reaching the brain. they only reach the spinal cord through the reflex to bring a response. most are associated with autonomic nervous system in terms of controlling certain aspects like blood vessels