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Anatomy and physiology > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is the same of the serous sac that surrounds the heart?

A

Pericardium

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2
Q

Where does the heart lie?

A

The mediastinum

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3
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

The space that separates the two pleural cavities of the thorax

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4
Q

What divides the heart into right and left parts?

A

The septum

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5
Q

Which side of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation?

A

Right

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6
Q

Which side of the heart pumps blood into the systemic circulation?

A

Left

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7
Q

What is the name of the upper chambers of the heart?

A

Atria / atrium

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8
Q

What is the name of the lower chambers of the heart?

A

Ventricles

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9
Q

Which parts of the heart has the thickest muscle?

A

The walls of the ventricles

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10
Q

Which ventricle has the thickest myocardium?

A

Left ventricle

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11
Q

What are the layers of the wall of the heart?

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

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12
Q

What is the name of the valves within the chambers of the heart?

A

Atrioventricular valves (AV)

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13
Q

What is the name of the atrioventricular valve in the right side of the heart?

A

Tricuspid

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14
Q

What is the name of the atrioventricular valve in the left side of the heart?

A

Bicuspid or Mitral

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15
Q

What is the name of the fibrous threads that attach the free edge of the AV valves to the papillary muscles of the walls of the ventricles?

A

Chordae tendineae

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16
Q

What is the name of the valves at the base of the major vessels leaving the ventricles?

A

The semilunar valves

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17
Q

What is the function of the semilunar valves?

A

prevent the flow of blood from the vessels back into the ventricle

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18
Q

What is the name of the valve located at the base of the pulmonary artery?

A

Pulmonary valve

19
Q

What is the name of the valve located at the major vessel leaving the right ventricle?

A

Pulmonary valve

20
Q

What is the name of the valve located at the base of the aorta?

A

Aortic valve

21
Q

What is the name of the valve located at the major vessel leaving the left ventricle?

A

Aortic valve

22
Q

Which side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood?

A

The Right side

23
Q

Which side of the heart contains oxygenated blood?

A

The left side

24
Q

What is the name of the major veins that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart?

A

cranial vena cava and caudal vena cava

25
Q

When the heart contracts where does the blood from the right atrium go?

A

The Right ventricle

26
Q

When the heart contracts where does the blood from the right ventricle go?

A

out of the heart via the pulmonary artery

27
Q

Where does blood from the pulmonary artery go?

A

the the lungs

28
Q

Where does oxygenated blood from the lungs go?

A

to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins

29
Q

When the heart contracts where does blood from the left atrium go?

A

the left ventricle

30
Q

When the heart contracts where does blood from the left ventricle go?

A

the aorta

31
Q

What is the term for the period of contraction within the cardiac cycle?

A

systole

32
Q

What is the term for the period of relaxation within the cardiac cycle?

A

diastole

33
Q

What is the name of the mechanism responsible for initiating and coordinating the heart beat?

A

The conduction system

34
Q

What does inherent contractibility mean?

A

The heart is able to contract rhythmically and automatically without nervous input.

35
Q

Where does the heart beat begin?

A

the sinoatrial node (pacemaker)

36
Q

Where is the sinoatrial node located?

A

the wall of the right atrium, near its junction with the cranial vena cava

37
Q

What is the sinoatrial node?

A

an area of modified cardiac muscle cells

38
Q

Where does the nerve impulse travel after the sinoatrial node?

A

to the AV node

39
Q

Where is the AV node located?

A

at the top of the interventricular septum

40
Q

What is the bundle of his?

A

specialised nerve fibres that run down the interventricular septum and divide into right and left branches at the bottom of the interventricular septum and spread into the two ventricles.

41
Q

What is the name of the neurons that spread out through the ventricular muscles?

A

Purkinje Fibres

42
Q

On an ECG reading what does the P wave indicate?

A

Atrial Systole - SA node sinds signal to both atria causing muscle to contract.

43
Q

On an ECG reading what does the QRS wave indicate?

A

Ventricular systole - SA node sends signal to AV node which enters the bundle of his to the bundle branches to the purkinje fibres which causes the ventricles to contract.

44
Q

On an EGA reading what does the T wave indicate?

A

Ventricular diastole - Relaxation

Anatomy and physiology (29 decks)

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