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Anatomy and physiology > Body fluids > Flashcards

Body fluids Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of the animals total body weight is water?

A

60-70%

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2
Q

What percentage is intracellular fluid (ICF)?

A

40-50%

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3
Q

What percentage is extracellular fluid?

A

20%

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4
Q

What percentage of the extracellular fluid is interstitial fluid?

A

15%

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5
Q

What percentage of the extracellular fluid is intravascular fluid?

A

5%

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6
Q

what percentage of the extracellular fluid is transcellular fluid?

A

1%

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7
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

The movement of substances from an area of high concentration to one of a low concentration. The substances are passing down a diffusion gradient

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8
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one

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9
Q

What is Isotonic?

A

Fluid that has the same osmotic pressure as that of plasma (most fluid therapy involves the use of isotonic fluids)

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10
Q

What is Hypotonic?

A

The fluid has a lower osmotic pressure than that of plasma

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11
Q

What is hypertonic?

A

Fluid has a higher osmotic pressure than that of plasma

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12
Q

What is insensible or inevitable loss?

A

Fluid loss from the body such as respiration and sweating that cannot be regulated

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13
Q

What are cations?

A

Positively charged ions (electrolytes) such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium

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14
Q

What are anions?

A

negatively charged ions such as chloride, bicarbonate, sulphate and phosphate

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15
Q

What is intracellular fluid?

A

fluid within the calls

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16
Q

What is extracellular fluid?

A

fluid surrounding the cells

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17
Q

What is plasma?

A

Fluid in the blood

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18
Q

What is transcellular fluid?

A

the fluids that are not inside the cells, but are separated from plasma and interstitial fluid by cellular barriers

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19
Q

Give examples of transcellular fluids

A

Cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid and pleural fluid

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20
Q

What is a solution?

A

a liquid in which one or more substances have been dissolved

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21
Q

What is a solvent?

A

a liquid which dissolves or has power to dissolve

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22
Q

Give examples of bodily fluids

A 
Amniotic fluid
Aqueous humour and vitreous humour 
Bile
blood serum
cerebrospinal fluid
cerumen
chyle
23
Q

What is the calculation for fluid loss through respiration and sweating?

A

20ml/kg/day

24
Q

What is the calculation for fluid loss through faeces?

A

10-20ml/kg/day

25
Q

What is the calculation for fluid loss through urine?

A

20ml/kg/day

26
Q

What is the estimated total fluid loss from the body?

A

50-60ml/kg/day

27
Q

is the water content of neonates higher or lower than in adult animals?

A

Higher because the solid elements of the body are underdeveloped

28
Q

By what other name might interstitial fluid be known?

A

tissue fluid

29
Q

List some functions of the body water

A

transport medium
temperature regulation
lubrication

30
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

The pressure by which water is drawn through a semi-permeable membrane; proportionate to the number of particles in the solution

31
Q

How is water taken into the body?

A

drinking
food
metabolism

32
Q

What is meant by sensible water loss?

A

losses controlled by physiologic functions; urination, lactation and gastrointestinal losses

33
Q

What is an electrolyte ?

A

any substance that will split up into ions when dissolving in water. i.e any compound that can conduct and electric current when in solution

34
Q

What is an ion?

A

an atom or group of atoms having an electrical charge by virtue of having gained or lost one or more electrons

35
Q

What is the chemical sign for sodium

A

Na+

36
Q

What is the main cation of the extracellular fluid?

A

Sodium

37
Q

What is the main anion of the extracellular fluid?

A

Chloride

38
Q

what is the chemical sign for chloride?

A

Cl-

39
Q

What is the main cation in the intracellular fluid?

A

Potassium

40
Q

What is the main anion in the intracellular fluid?

A

Bicarbonate

41
Q

What is the chemical sign for potassium?

A

K+

42
Q

What is the chemical sign for bicarbonate?

A

HC03-

43
Q

What is plasma?

A

The fluid part of the blood which the corpuscles are suspended

44
Q

What is serum?

A

the clear, fluid residue of blood from which corpuscles and fibrin have been removed

45
Q

What is the daily water requirement for an adult dog?

A

40-60ml/kg/day plus other sensible losses

46
Q

what is the daily water requirement for an adult cat?

A

60ml/kg/day

47
Q

What is the daily water requirement for a kitten?

A

up to 150ml/kg/day

48
Q

What is active transport?

A

The movement of electrolytes against an osmotic gradient.

49
Q

what is the symbol for chlorine?

A

Cl -

50
Q

What is the chemical sign for potassium?

A

K+

51
Q

What is the chemical sign for calcium?

A

Ca+

52
Q

what is the chemical sign for Phosphorus?

A

P-

53
Q

What is the chemical sign for Magnesium?

A

Mg+

Anatomy and physiology (29 decks)

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