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Anatomy and physiology > The digestive system > Flashcards

The digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

ingestion

A

the process of taking food into the body; this takes place in the mouth

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2
Q

Digestion

A

the process of breaking down the food into small chemical units; this occurs in the stomach and small intestine

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3
Q

Absorption

A

the process whereby the chemical units pass into the blood and are carried to the liver; this occurs in the small intestine

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4
Q

Metabolism

A

the process in which the chemical units are converted into energy for use by all the organs of the body; this takes place mainly in the liver

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5
Q

Excretion

A

the removal of any remaining indigestible material

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6
Q

What is the oral cavity also known as?

A

mouth or buccal cavity

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7
Q

What does the oral cavity contain?

A

tongue, teeth and salivary glands

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8
Q

Prehension

A

to pick up food

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9
Q

mastication

A

chewing

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10
Q

Philtrum

A

the vertical split in the upper lip

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11
Q

gustation

A

taste

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12
Q

papillae

A

tiny fleshy nodules that cover the tongue

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13
Q

What is the function of the papillae?

A

gustation
grooming
movement of food boluses caudally towards the pharynx

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14
Q

what does saliva consist of?

A

99% water and 1% mucous

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15
Q

What are the names of the salivary glands?

A

Zygomatic
Sublingual
Mandibular
Parotid

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16
Q

Where is the zygomatic salivary gland located?

A

Close to the eyeball within the orbit

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17
Q

Where is the sublingual salivary gland located?

A

medial to the mandible, under the mucosa covering the underside of the tongue

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18
Q

Where is the mandibular salivary gland located?

A

caudal to the angle of the jaw

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19
Q

Where is the parotid salivary gland located?

A

between the base of the ear and the mandibular glands

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20
Q

what is the function of saliva?

A

to lubricate food making mastication and swallowing easier
Thermoregulation - panting and grooming
in omnivores it contains amylase which begins carbohydrate digestion

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21
Q

deglutition

A

Swallowing

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22
Q

What is the pharynx

A

a muscular tube lined with mucous membrane, connecting the back of the nasal and oral cavities with the oesophagus and the larynx and trachea.

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23
Q

What is the average time for food to pas down the oesophagus?

A

15-30 seconds

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24
Q

What are the functions of the stomach?

A

to act as a reservoir for food
to break up food and mix it with gastric juices
to begin the process of protein digestion

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25
Q

Where is the stomach located?

A

on the left side of the cranial abdomen

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26
Q

Where does food enter the stomach from?

A

the cardiac sphincter

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27
Q

Where does food leave the stomach?

A

the pyloric sphincter

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28
Q

What is the name of the mesentery attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

Lesser omentum

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29
Q

What is the name of the mesentery attached to the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

greater omentum

30
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

within the layers of the greater omentum

31
Q

What are the 3 sections of the stomach called?

A

Cardia
fundus
pylorus

32
Q

Where are the goblet cells found?

A

in all parts of the stomach

33
Q

What is the function of the goblet cells?

A

to secrete mucous to lubricate the food and to protect the stomach wall from damage by the digestive enzymes

34
Q

Where are chief cells found?

A

within the fundus

35
Q

What is the function of chief cells?

A

secrete pepsinogen, the precursor to the active enzyme pepsin which breaks down proteins into peptides

36
Q

Where are parietal cells found?

A

within the fundus

37
Q

What is the function of parietal cells?

A

secrete hydrochloric acid, this creates a pH which enables pepsin to work effectively

38
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

39
Q

Where does food enter after passing through the the pyloric sphincter?

A

The duodenum

40
Q

What happens in the small intestine?

A

Enzymic digestion and absorption

41
Q

Where does the pancreas lie?

A

Within the loop of the U shaped duodenum

42
Q

Where does the pancreatic duct and the common bile Duct empty into?

A

The duodenum

43
Q

What is the name of the gland in the duodenum?

A

Brunner’s glands

44
Q

What is the name of the digestive enzymes that the Brunner’s glands secrete?

A

Succus entericus

45
Q

What does the duodenum lead on to?

A

The jejunum

46
Q

What is the last section of the small intestine called?

A

Ileum

47
Q

What is the name of the digestive glands within he wall of the jejunum and ileum?

A

Crypts of lieberkuhn

48
Q

What are the crypts of lieberkuhn?

A

Digestive glands within the walls of the jejunum and ileum

49
Q

What is the name of the part of the ileum that ends and joins the caecum?

A

Ileocaecal junction

50
Q

What are villi?

A

Leaf-shaped folds of the epithelial layer of the small intestine

51
Q

What is the function of the villi?

A

To increase the surface area of the epithelium to maximise the efficiency of the digestive and absorption process

52
Q

What is chyle?

A

A milky fluid resulting from fat digestion carried by the lacteals

53
Q

What is a lacteal?

A

A lymphatic capillary that carries chyle from the small intestine to the cisterna chyli in the dorsal abdomen

54
Q

What does the exocrine part of the pancreas secrete?

A

Digestive enzymes and bicarbonate

55
Q

Where does the gall bladder lie?

A

Within the lobes of the liver

56
Q

What stimulated the release of gastric juice?

A

The hormone gastric secreted from the stomach wall

57
Q

What hormone stimulates the secretion of gastric juice?

A

gastrin

58
Q

What does gastric juice contain?

A

Mucus
hydrochloric acid
pepsinogen
pepsin

59
Q

What gives gastric juice its acidic pH?

A

Hydrochloric acid

60
Q

what is the first part of the large intestine that joins with the ileum?

A

Caecum

61
Q

What is the function of the caecum in carnivores?

A

It has no significant function

62
Q

What happens in the colon?

A

Water, vitamins and electrolytes are absorbed

63
Q

What is the name of the part of the colon that runs through the pelvic cavity?

A

Rectum

64
Q

What structures marks the end of the intestinal tract?

A

Anal sphincter

65
Q

What is the largest gland in the body?

A

the liver

66
Q

What is the cranial aspect of the liver in contact with?

A

the diaphragm

67
Q

What is the caudal aspect of the liver in contact with?

A

The stomach, duodenum and right kidney

68
Q

what is the main section of the stomach called?

A

The Fundus

69
Q

What holds the stomach to the abdominal wall?

A

Omentum

70
Q

What hold the intestines to the abdominal wall?

A

Mesentery

Anatomy and physiology (29 decks)

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