TEST 9 Flashcards
Which of the following terms refers to the scientific study of joints?
a) Arthrosis
b) Arthritis
c) Arthrology
d) Osteology
Arthrology
The ____________ of a joint determines its range of motion.
structure
Immovable joints, such as those found in the skull, are classified as synovial joints. True or false?
False
Which of the following is not a functional classification of joints?
a) Synarthrosis
b) Amphiarthrosis
c) Diarthrosis
d) Fibrocartilaginous
Fibrocartilaginous
Fibrous joints are held together by ____________ tissue.
fibrous
Hilton’s Law states that the nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscles moving the joint and the skin covering their distal attachments. True or false?
True
Which of the following is an example of a synovial joint?
a) Suture joint
b) Syndesmosis joint
c) Ball-and-socket joint
d) Synchondrosis joint
Ball-and-socket joint
In a hinge joint, movement is limited to ____________ and ____________ motion.
flexion, extension
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an example of a pivot joint. True or false?
False
Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?
a) Fibrous joints
b) Cartilaginous joints
c) Synovial joints
d) Immovable joints
Synovial joints
In anatomy, which plane divides the body into equal left and right halves?
a) Sagittal plane
b) Frontal plane
c) Transverse plane
d) Oblique plane
Sagittal plane
The movement of a body part away from the midline of the body is called ____________.
abduction
The frontal plane is also known as the coronal plane. True or false?
True
Which of the following axes corresponds to a transverse plane movement?
a) Anteroposterior axis
b) Longitudinal axis
c) Mediolateral axis
d) Vertical axis
Mediolateral axis
The joint that connects the humerus and the scapula is called the ____________ joint.
glenohumeral
The ulnar collateral ligament is located in the elbow joint. True or false?
True
Which of the following movements is associated with the hinge joint?
a) Flexion and extension
b) Abduction and adduction
c) Pronation and supination
d) Circumduction
Flexion and extension
The joint that allows for movements like flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction is called the ____________ joint.
wrist (radiocarpal) joint
The acromioclavicular joint connects the clavicle and the sternum. True or false?
False
Which of the following ligaments stabilizes the shoulder joint?
a) Medial collateral ligament
b) Anterior cruciate ligament
c) Glenohumeral ligament
d) Patellar ligament
Glenohumeral ligament
The joint between the parietal bones and the occipital bone is called the ____________ joint.
a) Temporomandibular joint
b) Lambdoid suture
c) Coronal suture
d) Sagittal suture
Lambdoid suture
Fontanelles are soft spots found on the ____________ of infants.
skull
The temporomandibular joint is responsible for the opening and closing movements of the mouth. True or false?
True
Which of the following fontanelles is also known as the “soft spot”?
a) Anterior fontanelle
b) Posterior fontanelle
c) Sphenoid fontanelle
d) Mastoid fontanelle
Anterior fontanelle
The temporomandibular joint is a hinge joint that connects the ____________ bone with the mandible.
temporal
The occipitomastoid suture is an example of a fibrous joint. True or false?
True
Which muscle is responsible for extending the spine and maintaining an upright posture?
a) Trapezius
b) Latissimus dorsi
c) Rhomboid major
d) Erector spinae
Erector spinae
The joint between the temporal bone and the mandible is the ____________ joint.
temporomandibular
Fontanelles provide flexibility to the infant skull and allow for rapid brain growth during early development. True or false?
True
Which muscle of the back is responsible for retracting and stabilizing the scapula?
a) Rhomboid minor
b) Levator scapulae
c) Teres major
d) Infraspinatus
Rhomboid minor
The joint formed between the femur and the tibia is called the ____________ joint.
a) Hip
b) Knee
c) Ankle
d) Sacroiliac
Knee
The joint between the femur and the acetabulum is known as the ____________ joint.
hip
The patella, or kneecap, is a sesamoid bone that lies within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. True or false?
True
The joint responsible for the movement of plantar flexion and dorsiflexion is the ____________ joint.
a) Hip
b) Knee
c) Ankle
d) Subtalar
Ankle
The joint formed by the articulation of the tibia, fibula, and talus is called the ____________ joint.
ankle (talocrural) joint
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint, allowing for a wide range of motion. True or false?
True
The joint responsible for the movement of inversion and eversion is the ____________ joint.
a) Hip
b) Knee
c) Ankle
d) Sacroiliac
Ankle
The joint formed by the articulation of the femur, tibia, and patella is known as the ____________ joint.
knee (patellofemoral) joint
The syndesmosis joint is found between the tibia and the fibula. True or false?
True
The joint responsible for the movement of flexion and extension in the lower limb is the ____________ joint.
a) Hip
b) Knee
c) Ankle
d) Sacroiliac
Knee
The joint between two adjacent vertebrae is called the ____________ joint.
a) Costovertebral
b) Sacroiliac
c) Zygapophyseal
d) Sternoclavicular
Zygapophyseal
The intervertebral discs are composed of fibrocartilage and serve to cushion and ____________ the vertebrae.
stabilize
The vertebral column consists of five regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. True or false?
True
The joint that connects the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) vertebrae is called the ____________ joint.
a) Atlantoaxial
b) Costovertebral
c) Sacroiliac
d) Sternoclavicular
Atlantoaxial
The joint between the sacrum and the ilium is known as the ____________ joint.
sacroiliac
The vertebral column provides protection for the spinal cord and supports the weight of the head and trunk. True or false?
True
The joints between the ribs and the thoracic vertebrae are called ____________ joints.
a) Zygapophyseal
b) Sacroiliac
c) Costovertebral
d) Sternoclavicular
Costovertebral
The ____________ region of the vertebral column consists of five vertebrae and is located in the lower back.
lumbar
The joints between the skull bones are classified as fibrous joints. True or false?
True
The joint that connects the manubrium of the sternum with the clavicles is the ____________ joint.
a) Atlantoaxial
b) Costovertebral
c) Sternoclavicular
d) Sacroiliac
Sternoclavicular
Which cranial nerve is responsible for carrying sensory information from the face to the brain?
a) Cranial nerve I
b) Cranial nerve V
c) Cranial nerve VII
d) Cranial nerve XII
Cranial nerve V (Trigeminal nerve)
The facial nerve (Cranial nerve VII) controls the muscles of ____________ expression.
facial
The optic nerve (Cranial nerve II) is responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. True or false?
True
The glossopharyngeal nerve (Cranial nerve IX) is involved in which of the following functions?
a) Taste sensation
b) Hearing
c) Eye movement
d) Smell
Taste sensation
The hypoglossal nerve (Cranial nerve XII) innervates the muscles of the ____________.
tongue
The vestibulocochlear nerve (Cranial nerve VIII) is responsible for both hearing and balance. True or false?
True
The oculomotor nerve (Cranial nerve III) controls the movement of which eye muscles?
a) Superior rectus and lateral rectus
b) Inferior rectus and medial rectus
c) Superior oblique and inferior oblique
d) All of the above
All of the above
The trochlear nerve (Cranial nerve IV) innervates the ____________ muscle of the eye.
superior oblique
The olfactory nerve (Cranial nerve I) is responsible for transmitting taste sensations from the tongue to the brain. True or false?
False
The accessory nerve (Cranial nerve XI) is involved in controlling which of the following?
a) Swallowing
b) Eye movement
c) Speech production
d) Neck and shoulder movement
Neck and shoulder movement
The ____________ nerve is responsible for motor innervation of the muscles of mastication.
Trigeminal
The abducens nerve (Cranial nerve VI) controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, which allows for abduction of the eye. True or false?
True
The nerve responsible for carrying taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the ____________ nerve.
a) Facial
b) Trigeminal
c) Glossopharyngeal
d) Hypoglossal
Facial
The maxillary nerve is a branch of the ____________ nerve.
Trigeminal
The facial nerve (Cranial nerve VII) has both sensory and motor functions. True or false?
True
The nerve responsible for providing sensory innervation to the posterior third of the tongue is the ____________ nerve.
a) Oculomotor
b) Facial
c) Glossopharyngeal
d) Hypoglossal
Glossopharyngeal
The ____________ nerve is responsible for carrying motor signals to the muscles involved in swallowing.
Vagus
The facial nerve (Cranial nerve VII) controls the lacrimal glands, which produce tears. True or false?
False
The nerve responsible for carrying proprioceptive information from the muscles of the jaw is the ____________ nerve.
a) Facial
b) Trigeminal
c) Glossopharyngeal
d) Accessory
Trigeminal
The optic nerve (Cranial nerve II) carries visual information from the ____________ to the brain.
eye
The trochlear nerve (Cranial nerve IV) is responsible for controlling the movement of the superior rectus muscle. True or false?
False
The nerve responsible for innervating the muscles responsible for movements of the tongue is the ____________ nerve.
a) Hypoglossal
b) Olfactory
c) Vestibulocochlear
d) Trigeminal
Hypoglossal
The ____________ nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles that move the eyeball.
oculomotor
The trigeminal nerve (Cranial nerve V) is the largest cranial nerve and has both sensory and motor functions. True or false?
True
The nerve responsible for transmitting sound and equilibrium information from the inner ear to the brain is the ____________ nerve.
a) Optic
b) Trochlear
c) Vestibulocochlear
d) Abducens
Vestibulocochlear
Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for the “fight or flight” response?
a) Sympathetic
b) Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for ____________ situations.
stressful or emergency
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system promotes rest, relaxation, and digestion. True or false?
True
Which of the following is a sympathetic response?
a) Decreased heart rate
b) Constricted pupils
c) Increased digestion
d) Bronchoconstriction
Bronchoconstriction
The sympathetic nervous system originates from the ____________ region of the spinal cord.
thoracic and lumbar
Dermatomes are specific areas of the skin that are innervated by sensory fibers from a single spinal nerve. True or false?
True
Which spinal nerve is associated with the C7 dermatome?
a) Cervical
b) Thoracic
c) Lumbar
d) Sacral
Cervical
A myotome is a group of muscles innervated by a specific ____________ nerve.
spinal
The spinal cord extends from the base of the skull to the coccyx and is housed within the vertebral column. True or false?
True
The spinal cord is part of the ____________ nervous system.
a) Central
b) Peripheral
Central
The ____________ nerves carry motor signals from the spinal cord to the muscles.
spinal
The spinal cord is composed of both gray matter and white matter. True or false?
True
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the human body?
a) 12
b) 31
c) 42
d) 50
31
The cervical enlargement of the spinal cord is responsible for innervating the ____________ limbs.
upper
The sympathetic nervous system releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at its postganglionic synapses. True or false?
False
A dermatome is an area of skin that is primarily innervated by sensory fibers from a specific ____________.
a) Cranial nerve
b) Spinal nerve
c) Autonomic ganglion
d) Myotome
Spinal nerve
The parasympathetic nervous system originates from the ____________ region of the spinal cord.
cranial and sacral
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system causes bronchodilation. True or false?
False
A myotome is a group of muscles innervated by a specific ____________ nerve root.
a) Spinal
b) Cranial
c) Peripheral
d) Autonomic
Spinal
The ____________ matter of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of neurons and is shaped like a butterfly.
gray
The spinal cord is responsible for conducting sensory and motor signals between the brain and the rest of the body. True or false?
True
Which spinal nerve is associated with the L5 dermatome?
a) Cervical
b) Thoracic
c) Lumbar
d) Sacral
Lumbar
The sympathetic nervous system is also known as the ____________ division.
thoracolumbar
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system promotes pupil dilation. True or false?
False
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there in the human body?
a) 8
b) 10
c) 12
d) 14
12
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the elbow joint?
a) Biceps brachii
b) Triceps brachii
c) Brachialis
d) Deltoid
Biceps brachii
The triceps brachii muscle is responsible for ____________ the elbow joint.
extending
The brachialis muscle lies deep to the biceps brachii muscle. True or false?
True
Which muscle is the primary flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint?
a) Brachialis
b) Brachioradialis
c) Flexor carpi radialis
d) Pronator teres
Brachialis
The brachioradialis muscle is located on the ____________ side of the forearm.
lateral or radial
The deltoid muscle is responsible for abduction and flexion of the shoulder joint. True or false?
True
Which muscle is responsible for adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint?
a) Deltoid
b) Latissimus dorsi
c) Pectoralis major
d) Supraspinatus
Pectoralis major
The muscle that forms the rounded shape of the shoulder is the ____________.
deltoid
The supraspinatus muscle is one of the rotator cuff muscles that stabilizes the shoulder joint. True or false?
True
The muscles responsible for pronation and supination of the forearm are located in the ____________.
a) Arm
b) Hand
c) Wrist
d) Shoulder
Arm
The muscle responsible for flexing the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints is the ____________.
flexor digitorum superficialis
The extensor digitorum muscle extends the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints and interphalangeal joints. True or false?
True
Which muscle is responsible for abduction of the thumb?
a) Flexor pollicis brevis
b) Opponens pollicis
c) Abductor pollicis longus
d) Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
The ____________ muscle is responsible for adducting the thumb.
Adductor pollicis
The thenar muscles are located on the palm side of the hand and are responsible for movements of the thumb. True or false?
True
Which muscle is responsible for flexion of the wrist?
a) Extensor carpi ulnaris
b) Flexor carpi radialis
c) Extensor carpi radialis longus
d) Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
The ____________ muscles are responsible for opposition of the thumb.
Thenar
The extensor carpi ulnaris muscle is responsible for adduction of the wrist. True or false?
True
The muscles responsible for flexion of the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints are located in the ____________.
a) Arm
b) Hand
c) Wrist
d) Forearm
Forearm
The ____________ muscle is responsible for extension of the thumb.
Extensor pollicis longus
The lumbrical muscles of the hand assist in flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of the interphalangeal joints. True or false?
False
Which muscle is responsible for abduction of the little finger?
a) Flexor digiti minimi
b) Opponens digiti minimi
c) Abductor digiti minimi
d) Adductor digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
The ____________ muscle is responsible for extension of the wrist.
Extensor carpi radialis longus
The hypothenar muscles are located on the pinky side of the hand and are responsible for movements of the little finger. True or false?
True
The muscles responsible for opposition and reposition of the thumb are located in the ____________.
a) Arm
b) Hand
c) Wrist
d) Forearm
Hand
The main artery supplying the upper limb is called the ____________ artery.
a) Femoral
b) Brachial
c) Radial
d) Axillary
Axillary
The axillary artery becomes the ____________ artery as it passes through the axilla.
brachial
The brachial artery gives off several branches, including the ulnar artery and the radial artery. True or false?
True
The ulnar artery supplies blood to which side of the forearm?
a) Lateral
b) Medial
Medial
The radial artery is located ____________ to the flexor carpi radialis muscle.
lateral
The ulnar artery gives off several branches, including the palmar carpal branch and the common interosseous artery. True or false?
True
The main vein that drains the upper limb is called the ____________ vein.
a) Femoral
b) Brachial
c) Radial
d) Axillary
Brachial
The cephalic vein is located ____________ to the deltopectoral groove.
lateral
The basilic vein is located on the medial side of the forearm and arm. True or false?
True
The cephalic vein drains into the ____________ vein.
a) Brachial
b) Basilic
c) Median cubital
d) Radial
Median cubital
The ____________ vein runs along the radial side of the forearm and joins the brachial vein in the cubital fossa.
cephalic
The axillary artery is a continuation of the brachial artery. True or false?
False
The brachial artery terminates by dividing into the ____________ arteries.
a) Ulnar and radial
b) Radial and axillary
c) Ulnar and axillary
d) Axillary and brachial
Ulnar and radial
The ____________ artery supplies blood to the lateral side of the forearm.
radial
The ulnar artery gives off the superficial palmar branch, which supplies blood to the superficial palm of the hand. True or false?
True
The radial artery runs along the ____________ side of the forearm.
a) Medial
b) Lateral
c) Anterior
d) Posterior
Lateral
The ____________ vein accompanies the brachial artery and becomes the axillary vein at the inferior border of the teres major muscle.
brachial
The basilic vein is typically used for venipuncture and for the placement of intravenous lines. True or false?
True
The median cubital vein is commonly used for drawing blood samples because it connects the ____________ veins.
a) Ulnar and radial
b) Radial and axillary
c) Ulnar and axillary
d) Basilic and cephalic
Basilic and cephalic
The ____________ vein is a major deep vein of the forearm that accompanies the ulnar artery.
ulnar
The axillary vein continues as the subclavian vein after passing through the axilla. True or false?
True
The subclavian vein is a major vein that drains into the ____________ vein.
a) Femoral
b) Brachial
c) Jugular
d) Popliteal
Jugular
The ____________ artery passes posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
ulnar
The cephalic vein runs along the radial side of the forearm and arm. True or false?
False
The deep veins of the upper limb include the ____________ veins.
a) Basilic and cephalic
b) Ulnar and radial
c) Brachial and axillary
d) Median cubital and cephalic
Ulnar and radial
Which muscle is responsible for abduction of the shoulder joint?
a) Deltoid
b) Trapezius
c) Latissimus dorsi
d) Pectoralis major
Deltoid
The ____________ muscle is responsible for adduction and medial rotation of the shoulder joint.
pectoralis major
The trapezius muscle is located superficially in the upper back and helps with movements of the shoulder girdle. True or false?
True
Which muscle is responsible for extension and lateral rotation of the humerus?
a) Deltoid
b) Trapezius
c) Latissimus dorsi
d) Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
The ____________ muscle is responsible for elevation, retraction, and rotation of the scapula.
trapezius
The infraspinatus muscle is one of the rotator cuff muscles that stabilizes the shoulder joint. True or false?
True
Which muscle is responsible for forward flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint?
a) Deltoid
b) Trapezius
c) Latissimus dorsi
d) Pectoralis major
Pectoralis major
The ____________ muscle is responsible for extension, adduction, and medial rotation of the humerus.
latissimus dorsi
The supraspinatus muscle is responsible for abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint. True or false?
True
The muscles responsible for external rotation of the humerus are located ____________.
a) Anteriorly
b) Posteriorly
c) Medially
d) Laterally
Posteriorly
The axilla is a pyramidal-shaped space located between the upper limb and the thoracic wall and is bounded by muscles, including the pectoralis major and the ____________.
latissimus dorsi
The axilla is filled with adipose tissue and contains numerous blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. True or false?
True
The axilla is divided into which of the following levels or compartments?
a) Anterior and posterior axillary folds
b) Apical, medial, and lateral axillary regions
c) Upper, middle, and lower axillary regions
d) Superior and inferior axillary recesses
Apical, medial, and lateral axillary regions
The axilla is clinically important as it serves as a passageway for neurovascular structures, including the ____________ and axillary artery.
brachial plexus
The axillary artery is a continuation of the subclavian artery. True or false?
True
The axillary artery is divided into three parts based on its relationship to the ____________ muscle.
a) Latissimus dorsi
b) Pectoralis major
c) Subscapularis
d) Supraspinatus
Pectoralis major
The first part of the axillary artery gives rise to the ____________ artery.
superior thoracic
The axillary vein accompanies the axillary artery and receives blood from the upper limb. True or false?
True
The contents of the axilla include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Axillary lymph nodes
b) Axillary artery
c) Brachial plexus
d) Spleen
Spleen
The axilla communicates with the thorax through the ____________ space.
intercostobrachial
The axillary lymph nodes play a crucial role in the immune system and are important in the diagnosis and staging of breast cancer. True or false?
True
The long thoracic nerve innervates which muscle in the axilla?
a) Deltoid
b) Pectoralis major
c) Serratus anterior
d) Latissimus dorsi
Serratus anterior
The ____________ nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm in the axilla.
musculocutaneous
The axillary artery gives off numerous branches that supply blood to the muscles, glands, and skin of the upper limb. True or false?
True
The axillary artery terminates by becoming which artery?
a) Ulnar artery
b) Radial artery
c) Brachial artery
d) Subclavian artery
Brachial artery
Which muscle is responsible for flexion and rotation of the head?
a) Sternocleidomastoid
b) Trapezius
c) Scalene muscles
d) Levator scapulae
Sternocleidomastoid
The ____________ muscle is responsible for extension and lateral flexion of the neck.
Trapezius
The scalene muscles are a group of three muscles that assist in respiration and movement of the neck. True or false?
True
The muscles responsible for lateral flexion and rotation of the neck are located ____________.
a) Anteriorly
b) Posteriorly
c) Medially
d) Laterally
Posteriorly
The ____________ muscles are deep muscles that help stabilize the vertebral column and maintain proper posture.
Deep neck muscles
The sternocleidomastoid muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI). True or false?
True
The muscles responsible for elevating the scapula and rotating the scapula upward are the ____________ muscles.
a) Sternocleidomastoid
b) Trapezius
c) Scalene muscles
d) Levator scapulae
Levator scapulae
The ____________ muscle is responsible for elevation and retraction of the scapula.
Trapezius
The scalene muscles are located in the anterior region of the neck. True or false?
True
The muscles responsible for flexion and lateral flexion of the neck are located ____________.
a) Anteriorly
b) Posteriorly
c) Medially
d) Laterally
Anteriorly
The anterior triangle of the neck is bounded by the mandible, sternocleidomastoid muscle, and the ____________ muscle.
midline of the neck
The anterior triangle of the neck is further divided into four smaller triangles: submental, submandibular, carotid, and muscular triangles.
True
The submental triangle is located between the two ____________ muscles.
a) Sternocleidomastoid
b) Digastric
c) Scalene
d) Levator scapulae
Digastric
The ____________ triangle is located below the body of the mandible and contains the submandibular gland.
submandibular
The carotid triangle contains important structures such as the common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve. True or false?
True
The muscular triangle is bounded by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, midline of the neck, and the ____________ muscle.
a) Trapezius
b) Digastric
c) Scalene
d) Levator scapulae
Trapezius
The ____________ triangle is located posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and contains important structures such as the brachial plexus and subclavian artery.
omoclavicular
The submandibular triangle is located between the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and the sternocleidomastoid muscle. True or false?
False
The carotid triangle is bounded by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, posterior belly of the digastric muscle, and the ____________ muscle.
a) Trapezius
b) Scalene
c) Levator scapulae
d) Platysma
Scalene
The ____________ triangle is located between the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, omohyoid muscle, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
omoclavicular
The muscular triangle contains the thyroid gland and its associated structures. True or false?
False
The submental triangle is located ____________ to the hyoid bone.
a) Superior
b) Inferior
c) Lateral
d) Medial
Inferior
The ____________ triangle is located between the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and the inferior border of the mandible.
carotid
The omoclavicular triangle is also known as the subclavian triangle. True or false?
True
The muscular triangle contains the ____________ muscle, which is responsible for facial expressions.
a) Sternocleidomastoid
b) Trapezius
c) Scalene
d) Platysma
Platysma
Which muscle is responsible for flexion of the lumbar spine and compression of the abdominal contents?
a) External oblique
b) Internal oblique
c) Rectus abdominis
d) Transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis
The ____________ muscle is the deepest muscle of the abdominal wall and helps maintain abdominal pressure.
Transversus abdominis
The rectus abdominis muscle is divided into segments by fibrous bands called tendons. True or false?
True
Which muscle is responsible for rotation and lateral flexion of the trunk?
a) External oblique
b) Internal oblique
c) Rectus abdominis
d) Transversus abdominis
External oblique
The ____________ muscle forms the lateral borders of the rectus sheath.
Internal oblique
The external oblique muscle is the most superficial muscle of the lateral abdominal wall. True or false?
True
The rectus sheath is formed by the aponeuroses of the ____________ muscles.
a) External oblique and internal oblique
b) External oblique and rectus abdominis
c) Internal oblique and transversus abdominis
d) Rectus abdominis and transversus abdominis
External oblique and internal oblique
The ____________ muscle is responsible for compressing the abdominal contents and flexing the lumbar spine.
Rectus abdominis
The transversus abdominis muscle runs horizontally across the abdomen and aids in maintaining posture and stability. True or false?
True
The linea alba is a midline fibrous structure formed by the fusion of the aponeuroses of the ____________ muscles.
a) External oblique and internal oblique
b) External oblique and rectus abdominis
c) Internal oblique and transversus abdominis
d) Rectus abdominis and transversus abdominis
Rectus abdominis and transversus abdominis
The primary muscle responsible for inspiration is the ____________.
Diaphragm
The intercostal muscles are responsible for the movement of the ribs during breathing. True or false?
True
The external intercostal muscles are responsible for ____________ of the ribs during inspiration.
a) Elevation
b) Depression
c) Retraction
d) Protraction
Elevation
The ____________ muscles are responsible for depressing the ribs during forced expiration.
Internal intercostal
The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve. True or false?
True
The external intercostal muscles are located ____________ to the internal intercostal muscles.
a) Anteriorly
b) Posteriorly
c) Superficially
d) Deeply
Superficially
The ____________ muscles are responsible for lateral movement of the ribs during forced inspiration.
External intercostal
The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. True or false?
True
The internal intercostal muscles are responsible for ____________ of the ribs during expiration.
a) Elevation
b) Depression
c) Retraction
d) Protraction
Depression
The ____________ muscles are responsible for raising the lower ribs during forced inspiration.
Innermost intercostal
The inguinal canal is a passage in the lower abdominal wall through which the spermatic cord passes in males. True or false?
True
The inguinal canal is formed by the aponeurosis of the ____________ muscle.
a) External oblique
b) Internal oblique
c) Transversus abdominis
d) Rectus abdominis
External oblique
The inguinal canal is located ____________ to the inguinal ligament.
Superior
The inguinal canal is shorter in females compared to males. True or false?
False
The inguinal canal contains all of the following structures EXCEPT:
a) Spermatic cord (in males)
b) Round ligament of the uterus (in females)
c) Ilioinguinal nerve
d) External iliac artery
External iliac artery
Which muscle is responsible for flexion of the wrist and pronation of the forearm?
a) Brachioradialis
b) Flexor carpi radialis
c) Extensor carpi radialis longus
d) Pronator teres
Pronator teres
The ____________ muscle is responsible for extension of the wrist and fingers.
Extensor digitorum
The flexor carpi ulnaris muscle is located on the anterior side of the forearm. True or false?
False
Which muscle is responsible for supination of the forearm?
a) Brachioradialis
b) Extensor carpi ulnaris
c) Pronator teres
d) Supinator
Supinator
The ____________ muscle is responsible for flexion of the fingers.
Flexor digitorum superficialis
The brachioradialis muscle is located on the lateral side of the forearm. True or false?
True
The extensor carpi radialis longus muscle is responsible for ____________ of the wrist.
a) Flexion
b) Extension
c) Pronation
d) Supination
Extension
The ____________ muscle is responsible for abduction of the thumb.
Abductor pollicis longus
The extensor carpi ulnaris muscle is located on the anterior side of the forearm. True or false?
False
The flexor carpi radialis muscle is responsible for ____________ of the wrist.
a) Flexion
b) Extension
c) Pronation
d) Supination
Flexion
The ____________ nerve supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the anterior thoracic wall.
Intercostal nerves
The internal thoracic artery is a branch of the subclavian artery. True or false?
True
Which artery supplies the lateral thoracic wall and branches from the axillary artery?
a) Subclavian artery
b) Brachial artery
c) Internal thoracic artery
d) Lateral thoracic artery
Lateral thoracic artery
The ____________ vein drains blood from the anterior thoracic wall and empties into the brachiocephalic vein.
Internal thoracic vein
The phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm, which is the primary muscle of respiration. True or false?
True
The internal thoracic artery gives off branches that supply the ____________.
a) Abdominal organs
b) Pelvic organs
c) Muscles of the thoracic wall
d) Lower extremities
Muscles of the thoracic wall
The ____________ artery supplies blood to the intercostal muscles and the anterior abdominal wall.
Intercostal arteries
The intercostal nerves are branches of the sympathetic trunk. True or false?
False
The thoracic aorta gives off branches that supply the ____________.
a) Brain
b) Upper extremities
c) Lungs
d) Spinal cord
Upper extremities
The ____________ artery supplies blood to the muscles of the posterior thoracic wall.
Posterior intercostal artery
The radial nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the forearm. Which muscle does it NOT innervate?
a) Extensor carpi radialis longus
b) Extensor digitorum
c) Extensor carpi ulnaris
d) Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
The ____________ artery is the major blood vessel that supplies the muscles of the forearm.
Ulnar artery
The median nerve provides motor innervation to the flexor muscles of the forearm. True or false?
True
The basilic vein and the cephalic vein are two important superficial veins of the upper limb. Which vein is located on the medial side of the forearm?
a) Basilic vein
b) Cephalic vein
Basilic vein
The ____________ nerve innervates the muscles of the thenar eminence in the hand.
Median nerve
Which artery supplies the majority of the blood to the brain?
a) Internal carotid artery
b) External carotid artery
c) Vertebral artery
d) Basilar artery
Internal carotid artery
The __________ artery is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies the face and scalp.
Facial artery
The internal jugular vein drains blood from the brain and face. True or false?
True
The vertebral arteries enter the skull through which foramen?
a) Jugular foramen
b) Carotid canal
c) Foramen magnum
d) Foramen ovale
Foramen magnum
The external carotid artery gives rise to the __________ artery, which supplies the muscles of mastication.
Maxillary artery
The basilar artery is formed by the fusion of the vertebral arteries. True or false?
True
Which cranial nerve runs in close proximity to the internal carotid artery?
a) Olfactory nerve (CN I)
b) Optic nerve (CN II)
c) Facial nerve (CN VII)
d) Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Optic nerve (CN II)
The __________ veins are located in the scalp and communicate with the diploic veins of the skull.
Scalp emissary veins
The common carotid artery bifurcates into the internal and external carotid arteries at the level of the hyoid bone. True or false?
False
Which artery supplies the cerebellum?
a) Anterior cerebral artery
b) Middle cerebral artery
c) Posterior cerebral artery
d) Vertebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery
The __________ veins are paired veins that drain the dura mater of the brain and ultimately join the sigmoid sinus.
Cerebral veins
The subclavian artery gives rise to the vertebral artery. True or false?
True
The facial artery arises from which artery?
a) External carotid artery
b) Internal carotid artery
c) Vertebral artery
d) Subclavian artery
External carotid artery
The __________ artery supplies the muscles of the tongue.
Lingual artery
The internal carotid artery does not supply any branches to the face or scalp. True or false?
True
Which vein drains into the internal jugular vein?
a) External jugular vein
b) Subclavian vein
c) Vertebral vein
d) Anterior jugular vein
External jugular vein
The internal carotid artery enters the skull through the __________.
Carotid canal
The vertebral arteries merge to form the basilar artery at the level of the brainstem. True or false?
True
Which artery supplies the parotid gland?
a) Facial artery
b) Maxillary artery
c) Superficial temporal artery
d) Occipital artery
Facial artery
The __________ artery supplies the scalp above the ear.
Superficial temporal artery
The internal carotid artery gives off the ophthalmic artery. True or false?
True
Which vein drains the deep structures of the face, including the maxillary and pterygoid venous plexus?
a) Facial vein
b) External jugular vein
c) Internal jugular vein
d) Retromandibular vein
Retromandibular vein
The __________ veins drain blood from the dura mater and scalp, eventually emptying into the internal jugular vein.
Dural venous sinuses
The subclavian veins are located superior to the clavicles. True or false?
False
The common carotid arteries are branches of which major artery?
a) Aorta
b) Subclavian artery
c) Brachiocephalic trunk
d) Axillary artery
Brachiocephalic trunk
The brachial plexus is formed by the spinal nerves originating from which vertebrae?
a) C1 to C5
b) C5 to T1
c) T1 to T5
d) T5 to T12
C5 to T1
The brachial plexus gives rise to nerves that innervate the muscles and skin of the __________.
Upper limb/arm
The cervical plexus is formed by the ventral rami of spinal nerves C1 to C5. True or false?
False
The brachial plexus is divided into how many major cords?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Three
The __________ nerve is a major branch of the brachial plexus that innervates the muscles of the anterior forearm.
Median nerve
The cervical plexus innervates the muscles of the neck and supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the neck and scalp. True or false?
True
Which nerve originates from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
a) Musculocutaneous nerve
b) Ulnar nerve
c) Axillary nerve
d) Radial nerve
Radial nerve
The __________ is a sensory nerve of the cervical plexus that provides cutaneous innervation to the posterior aspect of the scalp.
Greater occipital nerve
The brachial plexus passes through the axilla (armpit) before branching into its major nerves. True or false?
True
Which nerve is not a branch of the brachial plexus?
a) Phrenic nerve
b) Suprascapular nerve
c) Median nerve
d) Musculocutaneous nerve
Phrenic nerve
The __________ nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles of the lateral forearm.
Radial nerve
The cervical plexus consists of the anterior divisions of spinal nerves C1 to C4. True or false?
True
Which nerve originates from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?
a) Axillary nerve
b) Ulnar nerve
c) Median nerve
d) Musculocutaneous nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
The __________ is a sensory nerve of the cervical plexus that provides cutaneous innervation to the lateral neck and shoulder.
Lesser occipital nerve
The axillary nerve innervates the muscles that move the shoulder joint. True or false?
True
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles of the medial forearm?
a) Radial nerve
b) Ulnar nerve
c) Median nerve
d) Musculocutaneous nerve
Ulnar nerve
The __________ nerve arises from the cervical plexus and supplies motor innervation to the diaphragm.
Phrenic nerve
The brachial plexus receives contributions from the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 to C8 and T1. True or false?
True
Which nerve supplies motor innervation to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?
a) Radial nerve
b) Ulnar nerve
c) Musculocutaneous nerve
d) Median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
The __________ is a sensory nerve of the cervical plexus that provides cutaneous innervation to the supraclavicular region.
Supraclavicular nerve
The radial nerve innervates the extensor muscles of the forearm and hand. True or false?
True
The cervical plexus is responsible for innervating which structure?
a) Upper limb
b) Lower limb
c) Neck and scalp
d) Abdominal organs
Neck and scalp
The __________ nerve is a branch of the brachial plexus that supplies motor innervation to the muscles of the posterior arm and forearm.
Ulnar nerve
The brachial plexus lies deep to the clavicle and passes through the axillary region. True or false?
False
The phrenic nerve innervates which muscle involved in respiration?
a) Diaphragm
b) Intercostal muscles
c) Sternocleidomastoid
d) Trapezius
Diaphragm
