TEST 9 Flashcards
Which of the following terms refers to the scientific study of joints?
a) Arthrosis
b) Arthritis
c) Arthrology
d) Osteology
Arthrology
The ____________ of a joint determines its range of motion.
structure
Immovable joints, such as those found in the skull, are classified as synovial joints. True or false?
False
Which of the following is not a functional classification of joints?
a) Synarthrosis
b) Amphiarthrosis
c) Diarthrosis
d) Fibrocartilaginous
Fibrocartilaginous
Fibrous joints are held together by ____________ tissue.
fibrous
Hilton’s Law states that the nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscles moving the joint and the skin covering their distal attachments. True or false?
True
Which of the following is an example of a synovial joint?
a) Suture joint
b) Syndesmosis joint
c) Ball-and-socket joint
d) Synchondrosis joint
Ball-and-socket joint
In a hinge joint, movement is limited to ____________ and ____________ motion.
flexion, extension
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an example of a pivot joint. True or false?
False
Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?
a) Fibrous joints
b) Cartilaginous joints
c) Synovial joints
d) Immovable joints
Synovial joints
In anatomy, which plane divides the body into equal left and right halves?
a) Sagittal plane
b) Frontal plane
c) Transverse plane
d) Oblique plane
Sagittal plane
The movement of a body part away from the midline of the body is called ____________.
abduction
The frontal plane is also known as the coronal plane. True or false?
True
Which of the following axes corresponds to a transverse plane movement?
a) Anteroposterior axis
b) Longitudinal axis
c) Mediolateral axis
d) Vertical axis
Mediolateral axis
The joint that connects the humerus and the scapula is called the ____________ joint.
glenohumeral
The ulnar collateral ligament is located in the elbow joint. True or false?
True
Which of the following movements is associated with the hinge joint?
a) Flexion and extension
b) Abduction and adduction
c) Pronation and supination
d) Circumduction
Flexion and extension
The joint that allows for movements like flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction is called the ____________ joint.
wrist (radiocarpal) joint
The acromioclavicular joint connects the clavicle and the sternum. True or false?
False
Which of the following ligaments stabilizes the shoulder joint?
a) Medial collateral ligament
b) Anterior cruciate ligament
c) Glenohumeral ligament
d) Patellar ligament
Glenohumeral ligament
The joint between the parietal bones and the occipital bone is called the ____________ joint.
a) Temporomandibular joint
b) Lambdoid suture
c) Coronal suture
d) Sagittal suture
Lambdoid suture
Fontanelles are soft spots found on the ____________ of infants.
skull
The temporomandibular joint is responsible for the opening and closing movements of the mouth. True or false?
True
Which of the following fontanelles is also known as the “soft spot”?
a) Anterior fontanelle
b) Posterior fontanelle
c) Sphenoid fontanelle
d) Mastoid fontanelle
Anterior fontanelle
The temporomandibular joint is a hinge joint that connects the ____________ bone with the mandible.
temporal
The occipitomastoid suture is an example of a fibrous joint. True or false?
True
Which muscle is responsible for extending the spine and maintaining an upright posture?
a) Trapezius
b) Latissimus dorsi
c) Rhomboid major
d) Erector spinae
Erector spinae
The joint between the temporal bone and the mandible is the ____________ joint.
temporomandibular
Fontanelles provide flexibility to the infant skull and allow for rapid brain growth during early development. True or false?
True
Which muscle of the back is responsible for retracting and stabilizing the scapula?
a) Rhomboid minor
b) Levator scapulae
c) Teres major
d) Infraspinatus
Rhomboid minor
The joint formed between the femur and the tibia is called the ____________ joint.
a) Hip
b) Knee
c) Ankle
d) Sacroiliac
Knee
The joint between the femur and the acetabulum is known as the ____________ joint.
hip
The patella, or kneecap, is a sesamoid bone that lies within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. True or false?
True
The joint responsible for the movement of plantar flexion and dorsiflexion is the ____________ joint.
a) Hip
b) Knee
c) Ankle
d) Subtalar
Ankle
The joint formed by the articulation of the tibia, fibula, and talus is called the ____________ joint.
ankle (talocrural) joint
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint, allowing for a wide range of motion. True or false?
True
The joint responsible for the movement of inversion and eversion is the ____________ joint.
a) Hip
b) Knee
c) Ankle
d) Sacroiliac
Ankle
The joint formed by the articulation of the femur, tibia, and patella is known as the ____________ joint.
knee (patellofemoral) joint
The syndesmosis joint is found between the tibia and the fibula. True or false?
True
The joint responsible for the movement of flexion and extension in the lower limb is the ____________ joint.
a) Hip
b) Knee
c) Ankle
d) Sacroiliac
Knee
The joint between two adjacent vertebrae is called the ____________ joint.
a) Costovertebral
b) Sacroiliac
c) Zygapophyseal
d) Sternoclavicular
Zygapophyseal
The intervertebral discs are composed of fibrocartilage and serve to cushion and ____________ the vertebrae.
stabilize
The vertebral column consists of five regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. True or false?
True
The joint that connects the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) vertebrae is called the ____________ joint.
a) Atlantoaxial
b) Costovertebral
c) Sacroiliac
d) Sternoclavicular
Atlantoaxial
The joint between the sacrum and the ilium is known as the ____________ joint.
sacroiliac
The vertebral column provides protection for the spinal cord and supports the weight of the head and trunk. True or false?
True
The joints between the ribs and the thoracic vertebrae are called ____________ joints.
a) Zygapophyseal
b) Sacroiliac
c) Costovertebral
d) Sternoclavicular
Costovertebral
The ____________ region of the vertebral column consists of five vertebrae and is located in the lower back.
lumbar
The joints between the skull bones are classified as fibrous joints. True or false?
True
The joint that connects the manubrium of the sternum with the clavicles is the ____________ joint.
a) Atlantoaxial
b) Costovertebral
c) Sternoclavicular
d) Sacroiliac
Sternoclavicular
Which cranial nerve is responsible for carrying sensory information from the face to the brain?
a) Cranial nerve I
b) Cranial nerve V
c) Cranial nerve VII
d) Cranial nerve XII
Cranial nerve V (Trigeminal nerve)
The facial nerve (Cranial nerve VII) controls the muscles of ____________ expression.
facial
The optic nerve (Cranial nerve II) is responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. True or false?
True
The glossopharyngeal nerve (Cranial nerve IX) is involved in which of the following functions?
a) Taste sensation
b) Hearing
c) Eye movement
d) Smell
Taste sensation
The hypoglossal nerve (Cranial nerve XII) innervates the muscles of the ____________.
tongue
The vestibulocochlear nerve (Cranial nerve VIII) is responsible for both hearing and balance. True or false?
True
The oculomotor nerve (Cranial nerve III) controls the movement of which eye muscles?
a) Superior rectus and lateral rectus
b) Inferior rectus and medial rectus
c) Superior oblique and inferior oblique
d) All of the above
All of the above
The trochlear nerve (Cranial nerve IV) innervates the ____________ muscle of the eye.
superior oblique
The olfactory nerve (Cranial nerve I) is responsible for transmitting taste sensations from the tongue to the brain. True or false?
False
The accessory nerve (Cranial nerve XI) is involved in controlling which of the following?
a) Swallowing
b) Eye movement
c) Speech production
d) Neck and shoulder movement
Neck and shoulder movement
The ____________ nerve is responsible for motor innervation of the muscles of mastication.
Trigeminal
The abducens nerve (Cranial nerve VI) controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, which allows for abduction of the eye. True or false?
True
The nerve responsible for carrying taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the ____________ nerve.
a) Facial
b) Trigeminal
c) Glossopharyngeal
d) Hypoglossal
Facial
The maxillary nerve is a branch of the ____________ nerve.
Trigeminal
The facial nerve (Cranial nerve VII) has both sensory and motor functions. True or false?
True
The nerve responsible for providing sensory innervation to the posterior third of the tongue is the ____________ nerve.
a) Oculomotor
b) Facial
c) Glossopharyngeal
d) Hypoglossal
Glossopharyngeal
The ____________ nerve is responsible for carrying motor signals to the muscles involved in swallowing.
Vagus
The facial nerve (Cranial nerve VII) controls the lacrimal glands, which produce tears. True or false?
False
The nerve responsible for carrying proprioceptive information from the muscles of the jaw is the ____________ nerve.
a) Facial
b) Trigeminal
c) Glossopharyngeal
d) Accessory
Trigeminal
The optic nerve (Cranial nerve II) carries visual information from the ____________ to the brain.
eye
The trochlear nerve (Cranial nerve IV) is responsible for controlling the movement of the superior rectus muscle. True or false?
False
The nerve responsible for innervating the muscles responsible for movements of the tongue is the ____________ nerve.
a) Hypoglossal
b) Olfactory
c) Vestibulocochlear
d) Trigeminal
Hypoglossal
The ____________ nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles that move the eyeball.
oculomotor
The trigeminal nerve (Cranial nerve V) is the largest cranial nerve and has both sensory and motor functions. True or false?
True
The nerve responsible for transmitting sound and equilibrium information from the inner ear to the brain is the ____________ nerve.
a) Optic
b) Trochlear
c) Vestibulocochlear
d) Abducens
Vestibulocochlear
Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for the “fight or flight” response?
a) Sympathetic
b) Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system prepares the body for ____________ situations.
stressful or emergency
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system promotes rest, relaxation, and digestion. True or false?
True
Which of the following is a sympathetic response?
a) Decreased heart rate
b) Constricted pupils
c) Increased digestion
d) Bronchoconstriction
Bronchoconstriction
The sympathetic nervous system originates from the ____________ region of the spinal cord.
thoracic and lumbar
Dermatomes are specific areas of the skin that are innervated by sensory fibers from a single spinal nerve. True or false?
True
Which spinal nerve is associated with the C7 dermatome?
a) Cervical
b) Thoracic
c) Lumbar
d) Sacral
Cervical
A myotome is a group of muscles innervated by a specific ____________ nerve.
spinal
The spinal cord extends from the base of the skull to the coccyx and is housed within the vertebral column. True or false?
True
The spinal cord is part of the ____________ nervous system.
a) Central
b) Peripheral
Central
The ____________ nerves carry motor signals from the spinal cord to the muscles.
spinal
The spinal cord is composed of both gray matter and white matter. True or false?
True
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the human body?
a) 12
b) 31
c) 42
d) 50
31
The cervical enlargement of the spinal cord is responsible for innervating the ____________ limbs.
upper
The sympathetic nervous system releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at its postganglionic synapses. True or false?
False
A dermatome is an area of skin that is primarily innervated by sensory fibers from a specific ____________.
a) Cranial nerve
b) Spinal nerve
c) Autonomic ganglion
d) Myotome
Spinal nerve
The parasympathetic nervous system originates from the ____________ region of the spinal cord.
cranial and sacral
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system causes bronchodilation. True or false?
False
A myotome is a group of muscles innervated by a specific ____________ nerve root.
a) Spinal
b) Cranial
c) Peripheral
d) Autonomic
Spinal
The ____________ matter of the spinal cord contains cell bodies of neurons and is shaped like a butterfly.
gray
The spinal cord is responsible for conducting sensory and motor signals between the brain and the rest of the body. True or false?
True
Which spinal nerve is associated with the L5 dermatome?
a) Cervical
b) Thoracic
c) Lumbar
d) Sacral
Lumbar
The sympathetic nervous system is also known as the ____________ division.
thoracolumbar
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system promotes pupil dilation. True or false?
False
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there in the human body?
a) 8
b) 10
c) 12
d) 14
12
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the elbow joint?
a) Biceps brachii
b) Triceps brachii
c) Brachialis
d) Deltoid
Biceps brachii
The triceps brachii muscle is responsible for ____________ the elbow joint.
extending
The brachialis muscle lies deep to the biceps brachii muscle. True or false?
True
Which muscle is the primary flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint?
a) Brachialis
b) Brachioradialis
c) Flexor carpi radialis
d) Pronator teres
Brachialis
The brachioradialis muscle is located on the ____________ side of the forearm.
lateral or radial
The deltoid muscle is responsible for abduction and flexion of the shoulder joint. True or false?
True
Which muscle is responsible for adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint?
a) Deltoid
b) Latissimus dorsi
c) Pectoralis major
d) Supraspinatus
Pectoralis major
The muscle that forms the rounded shape of the shoulder is the ____________.
deltoid
The supraspinatus muscle is one of the rotator cuff muscles that stabilizes the shoulder joint. True or false?
True
The muscles responsible for pronation and supination of the forearm are located in the ____________.
a) Arm
b) Hand
c) Wrist
d) Shoulder
Arm
The muscle responsible for flexing the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints is the ____________.
flexor digitorum superficialis
The extensor digitorum muscle extends the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints and interphalangeal joints. True or false?
True
Which muscle is responsible for abduction of the thumb?
a) Flexor pollicis brevis
b) Opponens pollicis
c) Abductor pollicis longus
d) Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
The ____________ muscle is responsible for adducting the thumb.
Adductor pollicis
The thenar muscles are located on the palm side of the hand and are responsible for movements of the thumb. True or false?
True
Which muscle is responsible for flexion of the wrist?
a) Extensor carpi ulnaris
b) Flexor carpi radialis
c) Extensor carpi radialis longus
d) Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
The ____________ muscles are responsible for opposition of the thumb.
Thenar
The extensor carpi ulnaris muscle is responsible for adduction of the wrist. True or false?
True
The muscles responsible for flexion of the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints are located in the ____________.
a) Arm
b) Hand
c) Wrist
d) Forearm
Forearm
The ____________ muscle is responsible for extension of the thumb.
Extensor pollicis longus