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Committee Exam 4 > Heart Muscles > Flashcards

Heart Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the body?
a) Left atrium
b) Right atrium
c) Left ventricle
d) Right ventricle

A

Right atrium

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2
Q

The superior and inferior Vena cava brings ____________ blood to the right atrium.

A

oxygen-poor blood

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3
Q

The ____________ is the membrane that surrounds the heart and helps prevent friction between the heart and surrounding organs.

A

Pericardium

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4
Q

The left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood through the ____________ valve and into the aorta.

A

aortic

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5
Q

Blood from the pulmonary veins enters the right atrium. True or false?

A

False. Blood from the pulmonary veins enters the left atrium.

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6
Q

The pulmonary artery carries oxygen-rich blood to the lungs. True or false?

A

False. The pulmonary artery carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.

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7
Q

The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle. True or false?

A

True

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8
Q

The semilunar valves are located between which structures?
a) Atria and ventricles
b) Ventricles and blood vessels
c) Atria and blood vessels
d) Coronary arteries and heart muscle

A

Ventricles and blood vessels

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9
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart?
a) SA node
b) AV node
c) Bundle of His
d) Purkinje fibers

A

SA node

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10
Q

Which ion is responsible for the depolarization of the cardiac muscle cells?
a) Sodium
b) Potassium
c) Calcium
d) Chloride

A

Sodium

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11
Q

Which phase of the cardiac action potential is responsible for the plateau phase?
a) Phase 0
b) Phase 1
c) Phase 2
d) Phase 3

A

Phase 2

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12
Q

The cardiac cycle consists of two main phases: ___________ and _________.

A

systole and diastole

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13
Q

The ___________ nervous system, specifically the vagus nerve, slows down the heart rate.

A

parasympathetic

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14
Q

The refractory period of cardiac muscle cells is longer than that of skeletal muscle cells. True or false?

A

True

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15
Q

The plateau phase of the cardiac action potential is due to the slow influx of calcium ions. True or false?

A

True

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16
Q

Cardiac muscle cells can generate action potentials on their own without input from the nervous system. True or false?

A

True

17
Q

Which type of muscle tissue is cardiac muscle?
a) Striated
b) Smooth
c) Skeletal
d) Voluntary

A

Striated

18
Q

Which protein is responsible for the sliding of actin and myosin filaments during contraction?
a) Troponin
b) Tropomyosin
c) Myoglobin
d) Myosin kinase

A

Tropomyosin

19
Q

The ___________ is the intercalated disc structure responsible for electrical coupling between cardiac muscle cells.

A

gap junction

20
Q

The ___________ is the functional unit of the cardiac muscle.

A

sarcomere

21
Q

The ___________ is the specialized region of the cardiac muscle that contains a high concentration of calcium ions.

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

22
Q

The calcium ions for cardiac muscle contraction come from both the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the extracellular fluid. True or false?

A

True

23
Q

The cardiac muscle has a lower energy requirement compared to skeletal muscle due to its slower rate of contraction. True or false?

A

False. The cardiac muscle actually has a higher energy requirement compared to skeletal muscle.

24
Q

Cardiac muscle cells are connected by desmosomes to allow for synchronized contraction. True or false?

A

True

25
Q

What is the resting membrane potential of cardiac muscle cells?
a) -70 mV
b) -50 mV
c) -80 mV
d) -90 mV

A

-90 mV

26
Q

The plateau phase of the cardiac action potential is due to the opening of ___________ ion channels.

A

L-type calcium

27
Q

The duration of the cardiac action potential is longer than that of the skeletal muscle action potential. True or false?

A

True

28
Q

The opening of the L-type calcium channels during the plateau phase of the cardiac action potential is responsible for the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. True or false?

A

False. The opening of the L-type calcium channels during the plateau phase is responsible for the influx of calcium ions from the extracellular fluid.

29
Q

An excess of calcium ions causes the heart to go toward _________ contraction.

A

spastic

30
Q

The heart usually beats at a rate of ______________ as long as the PS stimulation continues.

A

20 to 40 beats / min

Committee Exam 4 (35 decks)

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