Blood Flashcards
Which of the following blood proteins is responsible for maintaining the osmotic pressure of the blood?
a. Albumin
b. Globulin
c. Fibrinogen
d. Hemoglobin
Albumin
Albumin is made in _________ organ of body.
Liver
Which of the following blood proteins is responsible for fighting infections and providing immunity?
a. Albumin
b. Globulin
c. Fibrinogen
d. Hemoglobin
Globulin
Antibodies are secreted by fibrinogens. True or false?
False. Antibodies are secreted by plasma cells.
Which of the following blood proteins is responsible for blood clotting?
a. Albumin
b. Globulin
c. Fibrinogen
d. Hemoglobin
Fibrinogen
Which blood protein is the most abundant in blood plasma?
Albumin
Which blood protein is responsible for transporting iron in the blood?
Transferrin
A system of factors important in inflammation and destruction of microorganisms is?
Complement proteins
Blood cells does not include:
a) Erythrocyte
b) Hepatocytes
c) Thrombocytes
d) Leukocytes
Hepatocytes
What is the shape of erythrocyte?
Bi concave shape
RBCs are the only blood cells whose function does not require them to leave the vasculature. True or false?
True
Which of the following elements is required for the proper functioning of erythrocytes?
a. Iron
b. Sodium
c. Calcium
d. Potassium
Iron
Which organ is responsible for the production of erythrocytes?
Bone marrow
Which of the following diseases is characterized by a decrease in the number of erythrocytes in the blood?
a. Anemia
b. Leukemia
c. Hemophilia
d. Thrombocytopenia
Anemia
Which of the following diseases is characterized by a change in beta chain in hemoglobin of erythrocytes in the blood?
a. Anemia
b. Leukemia
c. Hemophilia
d. Sickle cell disease
Sickle cell disease
Increased concentration of erythrocyte in blood is called?
Polycythemia
Symptoms of anemia does not include?
a) insomnia
b) lethargy
c) shortness of breath
d) palpitations
Insomnia
Sickled hemoglobin is called?
HbS
Erythroblastosis fetalis occurs when:
a. The mother is Rh positive and the fetus is Rh negative
b. The mother is Rh negative and the fetus is Rh positive
c. The mother and fetus have the same Rh type
d. The mother and fetus have different blood types
The mother is Rh negative and the fetus is Rh positive
Erythroblastosis fetalis is also known as:
a. Rh incompatibility
b. Hemolytic anemia
c. Sickle cell anemia
d. Thalassemia
Rh incompatibility
What is the main effect of erythroblastosis fetalis on the fetus?
a. Abnormal brain development
b. Abnormal lung development
c. Severe anemia
d. Congenital heart defects
Severe anemia
Which of the following complications can occur if erythroblastosis fetalis is not treated?
a. Premature birth
b. Stillbirth
c. Jaundice
d. All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is a primary function of neutrophils?
a) Phagocytosis of microorganisms
b) Production of antibodies
c) Regulation of inflammation
d) Production of cytokines
Phagocytosis of microorganisms
Which of the following is a characteristic of neutrophils?
a) They are the largest white blood cells in the body
b) They have a multi-lobed nucleus
c) They are the most abundant white blood cells in the body
d) They are involved in cell-mediated immunity
They have a multi-lobed nucleus
What is the term used to describe the process by which neutrophils move towards an area of infection or inflammation?
a) Chemotaxis
b) Phagocytosis
c) Opsonization
d) Diapedesis
Chemotaxis
Which of the following diseases is associated with a deficiency in neutrophils?
a) Sickle cell anemia
b) Lupus erythematosus
c) Leukemia
d) Chronic granulomatous disease
Chronic granulomatous disease
Which of the following is a condition characterized by an abnormally high number of neutrophils in the bloodstream?
a) Leukopenia
b) Lymphoma
c) Leukocytosis
d) Thrombocytopenia
Leukocytosis
Which of the following is an important factor in the regulation of neutrophil production?
a) Interleukin-2
b) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
c) Interferon-gamma
d) Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
What is the primary function of eosinophils?
Killing of parasites
Which of the following is a characteristic of eosinophils?
a) They are the smallest white blood cells in the body
b) They have a segmented nucleus
c) They are the most abundant white blood cells in the body
d) They are involved in antibody production
They have a segmented nucleus
Which of the following is a condition characterized by an abnormally high number of eosinophils in the bloodstream?
a) Leukopenia
b) Lymphoma
c) Eosinophilia
d) Thrombocytopenia
Eosinophilia
Which of the following is a cytokine that can stimulate the production and activation of eosinophils?
a) Interleukin-6
b) Interleukin-5
c) Interferon-gamma
d) Tumor necrosis factor alpha
Interleukin-5
What is the function of basophils in the body?
A) Phagocytosis
B) Blood clotting
C) Allergic reactions
D) Oxygen transport
Allergic reactions
Which of the following is a characteristic of basophils?
A) They are the most abundant white blood cell
B) They have a large nucleus and small cytoplasmic granules
C) They are involved in antigen presentation
D) They are found primarily in the lymphatic system
They have a large nucleus and small cytoplasmic granules
What is the role of basophils in an allergic reaction?
They release histamine and other inflammatory mediators
Which of the following is a condition associated with high levels of basophils in the blood?
A) Anemia
B) Asthma
C) Cancer
D) Diabetes
Asthma
Which of the following is true about basophils?
A) They are only found in humans
B) They are a type of red blood cell
C) They are involved in innate immunity
D) They have a lifespan of several years
They are involved in innate immunity.
What is the primary function of lymphocytes?
The primary function of lymphocytes is to recognize and respond to foreign substances or antigens
Which of the following is not a type of lymphocyte?
A. B cells
B. T cells
C. Monocytes
D. Natural Killer cells
Monocytes
What type of lymphocyte is responsible for producing antibodies?
B cells are responsible for producing antibodies.
What is the role of T cells in the immune system?
T cells have several roles, including recognizing and destroying infected or cancerous cells, regulating the immune response, and assisting B cells in producing antibodies
Which type of T cell is responsible for killing infected cells?
A. Helper T cells
B. Memory T cells
C. Cytotoxic T cells
D. Regulatory T cells
Cytotoxic T cells are responsible for killing infected cells.
___________ cells are responsible for recognizing and destroying abnormal cells, such as infected or cancerous cells.
Natural killer cells
What is the primary difference between B cells and T cells?
The primary difference between B cells and T cells is that B cells produce antibodies, while T cells do not. T cells are responsible for recognizing and destroying infected or cancerous cells, regulating the immune response, and assisting B cells in producing antibodies.
What is the primary function of monocytes?
The primary function of monocytes is to phagocytose or engulf and destroy foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses.
What is the precursor cell of monocytes?
A. B cells
B. T cells
C. Neutrophils
D. Monoblasts
Monoblasts are the precursor cells of monocytes.
What is the difference between monocytes and macrophages?
Monocytes are immature white blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream, while macrophages are mature monocytes that have left the bloodstream and reside in tissues throughout the body.
What is the role of monocytes in the immune response?
Monocytes are one of the first cells to arrive at the site of infection or inflammation and are responsible for engulfing and destroying foreign substances.
What is the function of macrophages?
Macrophages are responsible for engulfing and destroying foreign substances, as well as presenting antigens to other immune cells.
Which of the following is a characteristic of monocytes?
A. They are the smallest type of white blood cell
B. They are responsible for producing antibodies
C. They have a long lifespan
D. They are able to migrate across blood vessel walls
Monocytes are able to migrate across blood vessel walls.
What are platelets?
Platelets are small, colorless cell fragments that circulate in the blood and are involved in blood clotting.
What is the primary function of platelets?
The primary function of platelets is to stop bleeding by forming blood clots.
What is the process by which platelets form a blood clot?
When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets become activated and stick to the damaged area, forming a platelet plug. The platelets then release chemicals that stimulate further clotting and reinforce the plug.
Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by a low platelet count in the blood, which can lead to an increased risk of bleeding. True or false?
True
What is the normal range for platelet count in the blood?
A. 10,000-20,000 per microliter
B. 50,000-100,000 per microliter
C. 150,000-400,000 per microliter
D. 500,000-1,000,000 per microliter
The normal range for platelet count in the blood is 150,000-400,000 per microliter.
What is the role of platelets in wound healing?
Platelets are involved in the initial stages of wound healing by forming a blood clot that stops bleeding and provides a scaffold for tissue repair.
What is the first stage of blood clotting?
The first stage of blood clotting is the activation of platelets.
______________ is the second stage of blood clotting.
coagulation cascade.
Which of the following is a protein involved in the coagulation cascade?
A. Fibrinogen
B. Albumin
C. Globulin
D. Hemoglobin
Fibrinogen is a protein involved in the coagulation cascade.
What is the final product of the coagulation cascade?
A. Fibrinogen
B. Fibrin
C. Platelets
D. Prothrombin
Fibrin
What is the role of vitamin K in blood clotting?
Vitamin K is necessary for the production of several proteins involved in the coagulation cascade.
The process by which a blood clot dissolves is called ______________
fibrinolysis.
Which of the following is an enzyme involved in fibrinolysis?
A. Thrombin
B. Fibrinogen
C. Plasmin
D. Factor VIII
Plasmin is an enzyme involved in fibrinolysis.
What is the role of anticoagulants in blood clotting?
Anticoagulants prevent blood clots from forming or help dissolve existing blood clots.
What is a thrombus?
A thrombus is a blood clot that forms inside a blood vessel and can block blood flow.
